甘肅 段生榮

書面表達高頻詞匯及亮點句型

甘肅 段生榮

書面表達在高考英語中占有舉足輕重的地位，是考生知識儲存量的直接反映和語言運用能力的重要標志。在書面表達教學(xué)與寫作實踐中，有些同學(xué)遣詞造句時，詞匯簡單重復(fù)，句型單調(diào)匱乏，導(dǎo)致文章平淡無奇，不能有效傳遞作者的寫作意圖。然而，只要我們平時肯下工夫，訓(xùn)練得法，注重積累，就能夠逐步掌握地道的高頻詞匯，熟練并靈活運用豐富的亮點句型，從而大幅度提高自己的語言表達水平，創(chuàng)造性地寫出讓閱卷老師心動的“杰作”。

1. gather/pass on the positive ener gy/values匯聚/傳遞正能量

2. have wide interests and hobbies；enjoy doing...in one’s spare time 興趣愛好廣泛

3. work hard/burn the night oil；try one’s best；spare no effort；make efforts to do勤奮鉆研，發(fā)奮努力

4. catch up with；keep up with；make（great/rapid）progress in；be one of the top students；get an A in the exam；come f rst；win the f rst place 學(xué)習(xí)進步

5. widen one’s horizon；broaden one’s vision 開闊視野，增長見識

6. achieve one’s goal；realize one’s dream；make one’s dream come true 取得成功，夢想成真

7. overcome diff culties；be faced with new opportunities and challenges 克服困難，迎接挑戰(zhàn)

8. relieve stress/burden；suffer from heavier work pressure；put up with the pressure of work 緩解壓力

9. sound in body and mind；physical and mental health；keep a good state of mind 身心健康

10. caring；be full of love；make contributions to...；devote oneself to...；work as a volunteer；serve the people well 富有愛心，樂于奉獻

11. obey the rules；follow laws and regulations；take care of cultural relics 遵規(guī)守紀，愛護文物

12. good manners；well-behaved；wait in line；do not jump the queue 文明禮儀，禮讓排隊

13. honest and trustworthy；never tell lies or cheat in an exam；be responsible for 誠實守信，有擔當

14. team up with；get along well with；in harmony with合作共處

15. be always ready to help others；be willing to give a helping hand；f nd pleasure in helping others 助人為樂

16. respect the aged and take good care of the young 尊老愛幼

17. be strict with oneself；set strict demands on oneself嚴于律己

18. good habits；form a good habit；be in the habit of doing；get rid of a bad habit 習(xí)慣良好

19. live a low-carbon life；reduce one’s carbon footprint；protect the environment；environmentally friendly低碳環(huán)保，保護環(huán)境

20. keep a balanced-diet；a healthy eating；put on weight；lose weight均衡飲食，體重增加，減肥

21. play sports；take exercise；keep f t；build up one’s body；take an active part in sports and games運動鍛煉

22. make friends with；fall in love with；believe in oneself；be conf dent in；have conf dence in慎重交友，有自信

23. have access to；surf the Internet；turn to the Internet for help；use the Internet properly 文明綠色上網(wǎng)

24. learn to share...with；share joy and sorrow with；share happiness and hardship with學(xué)會共享

25. safety f rst；You can never be too careful.；You can’t be careful enough. 安全至上

26. earn one’s living；make a living；lead a happy life快樂生活

27. As is known to all，...；It is well known to all that...眾所周知，盡人皆知

28. take the advantages and disadvantages into account；consider one’s strengths and weaknesses 權(quán)衡利弊

29. To my joy；I’m delighted at；What makes me pleased is that...令人高興的是……

30. Every coin has two sides. 凡事有利就有弊（事物都有兩面性）

31. agree with；approve of；in favor of；have no objection to同意，贊成，支持

32. sound reasonable；make sense；hold water 有道理，講得通

33. as time goes by；with the development of modern science and technology隨著

34. undoubtedly；There is no doubt that...；It goes without saying that...毫無疑問，毋庸置疑，不言而喻

35. dislike；hate；show no interest in；be tired of；be bored with；be fed up with 厭倦，討厭

36. make full use of；make the best of；take advantage of 充分利用

37. actually；virtually；in （actual） fact；in reality；as a matter of fact事實上，實際上，其實

38. for example；such as；and so on；take...for example例如，諸如此類，以……為例

39. play an important part in；play a vital role in...；make a great difference 至關(guān)重要

40. f rst（ly）；f rst of all；in the f rst place；f rst and foremost；to begin with 首先

41. second（ly）；in the second place；besides；in addition 其次

42. moreover；furthermore；What’s more；What’s worse 再次，此外，更糟糕的是

43. finally；eventually；last but not least；above all；most importantly 最后

44. in short；in conclusion；in brief；in general；in a word；all in all；to sum up；on the whole；as a whole總之，總體來講

45. namely；that is；that is to say；in other words 換句話說（換言之/亦即）

46. on（the） one hand，on the other hand；for one thing，for another （thing） 一方面……；另一方面……（適用于兩點的情況）

47. Different people have different ideas about...；Views on...vary from person to person；Opinions are divided on...對……眾說紛紜；仁者見仁，智者見智

48. The barbecue smells delicious.（“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，感官系動詞不能用進行時或被動語態(tài)，后接形容詞作表語）

49. 主語+v.+sb.+in/on/by+the+身體部位。（the不能用物主代詞替代）

（1）John hit Bob in the face.（“軟組織”用in）

（2）The manager patted the engineer on the shoulder.（“硬組織”用on）

（3）A Young Pioneer grasped the old granny by the hand across the street. （“兩側(cè)”用by）

50. What a wonderful weekend we all had! （感嘆名詞）

=How wonderful a weekend we all had! （感嘆形容詞或副詞）

51. Asia is four times as large as Europe. （=Asia is four times the size of Europe.）

A is twice/double （three times/...） as long/large/high as B.

=A is twice （three times/...） the length/size/height of B.

△A is twice（three times/...）longer/larger/higher than B.（不推薦。原因：易引起歧義）

52. I don’t believe it is likely to master a foreign language without much memory work.（否定轉(zhuǎn)移）

53. Not all teenagers are fond of playing football.（并不是所有的青少年都喜歡踢足球。部分否定：not+all/both/ every/always...=all/both/every/always+not...）

54. There is hardly a man or woman whose life has not been affected by advertisements. （幾乎每個人的生活都受到廣告的影響。雙重否定）

55. Search the website of the Accident & Emergency Department，and （then） you’ll learn a lot about f rst aid.

Close all programs before turning of f the computer，or（else） you will have problems.（祈使句表否定條件，表結(jié)果的將來時簡單句前用or 或or else；反之，用and或and then）

56. 主語+ have+n.+ ...

（1）They had a hard time walking home in the snowstorm.（“干某事很艱難”）

（2）Americans have no diff culty（in）communicating with British people.（“干某事沒困難”）

（3）We had much trouble （in）f nding his place.（“干某事費周折”）

（4）The employee had no choice/alternative but to quit the job.（“除了干某事外別無選擇”）

57. 主語+ have +...do/to do/to be done/doing/done

（1）The other day Father had my cousin and me clean the garage.（“讓某人做某事”，相當于let）

（2）The secretary usually has plenty of paperwork to do.（“有某事要做”，不定式作定語）

（3）Do you have any message to be taken，madam?（“有某事要別人去做”，不定式作定語）

（4）The farmers had their tractors working day and night at the harvest time.（“聽任，保持”，相當于keep）

（5）My car broke down last week and I still haven’t had it repaired.（“請某人干某事”，相當于get）

（6）Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.（“使遭受某種不幸的境況”）

58. with +名詞+形容詞/介詞短語/不定式/分詞，在句中作狀語或定語

（1）With the house empty，I felt lonely.（原因）

（2）I was sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand.（伴隨）

（3）With two reports to write，I have to work really hard this weekend.（將來動作）

（4）With time going on，our life is becoming more comfortable.（主動關(guān)系）

（5）With everything done，they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. （被動關(guān)系）

（6）The wounded soldier was lying on the ground，with his eyes staring at the stars.（名詞為身體部位或器官，動詞為不及物動詞時，用-ing形式）

（7）The man was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back. （名詞為身體部位或器官，動詞為及物動詞時，用-ed形式）

59. We saw some people f ying kites in the centre of the square. （現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補）

60. We cycled to the forest park，talking and laughing all the way. （現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語）

61. An agreement reached，the meeting ended.（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，各有其“主”）

62. Caught in the rush hour，they came to the lecture late. （過去分詞表被動，作原因狀語）

63. Planting trees is another ef fective way to prevent sandstorms.（動名詞作主語）

64. Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，作原因狀語）

65. My uncle took a taxi to the airport，only to f nd his plane high up in the sky. （only+不定式，作結(jié)果狀語）

66. As a kid，I was always taking apart my toys. （always與進行時連用，表示贊成或反對、不耐煩等感情態(tài)度）

67. She will come over when she has f nished her work.（時態(tài)的替代）

68. He told me what you had done （were doing/would do）. （時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)）

69. when作并列連詞，表示動作的突發(fā)性

（1）had just done/had not done...when...

（2）was/were doing...when...

（3）was/were about to do...when...

（4）was/were going to do...when...

（5）was/were on the point of doing...when...

70. while作并列連詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比

Lucy likes sports，while her twin sister Lily prefers music.

71. There be sb. doing sth.（“有多少人在干某事”）

Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.

72. There is no point（in）cheating in the examinations.（“干某事毫無意義”）

73. Mo Yan is the f rst Chinese to win the Nobel Prize. （不定式作定語）

74. It is/was+被強調(diào)成分（主語/賓語/狀語）+that/ who+其他成分。（強調(diào)句型）

It is our company not our gifts that our parents enjoy. 父母們看重的是我們的陪伴而不是（我們送的）禮物。

75. It be+n./adj./vi./pp. +...（it作形式主語，doing，to或that引出真正的主語）

（1）It is no use saying without doing. （動名詞）

（2）It is kind of you to say so.（= You are kind to say so.）（表示人的心理特征的形容詞）

（3）It is necessary for college students to take up a parttime job. （表示事物特征的形容詞）

（4）It is strange that he （should） answer all the questions.（虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法之一）

（5）It happened that I had no money on me that day. （不及物動詞）

（6）It is said that the sports meeting has been put off.（=The sports meeting is said to have been put off.）

76. It + time+...

（1）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. （“干某事花了某人多長時間”）

It took her two hours and a half to f nish doing her homework yesterday evening.（不定式作真正的主語）

（2）It be+（點）time when...（“當……的時候，某事發(fā)生了”）

It was already 8 o’clock when we got home.

（3）It be some time before....（“多久后某事發(fā)生了”）

It was f ve minutes before the f ref ghters arrived.

（4）It be+some time since+延續(xù)性動詞。（“自某動作結(jié)束以來”）

①It has been two weeks since he was ill. （他病好有兩周時間了。）

②It is f ve years since she lived in Beijing. （她離開北京已經(jīng)五年了。）

③It is three months since I smoked. （我戒煙已有三個月了。）

（5）It be （about/high） time that...did/ should do sth.（“早該到某人干某事了”；虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法，should不能省略）

① It’s high time we got down to some preparations for the coming job interview.

②It was time （that） my father should shave his beard.

（6）It/This/That be the first/second time that...has/had done sth.（“這已經(jīng)是某人第幾次干某事了”；注意從句的時態(tài)）

①This is the f rst time that our headmaster has communicated with a native speaker in English.

（主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）

②It was the third time （that） the Olympic Games had been held in this country.

（主句為一般過去時，從句用過去完成時）

77. So moved was Jenny that she could not say a word.（so/such位于句首時，主句倒裝）

78. Rather poor as/ though the family was，his parents managed to send him to school. （as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)性倒裝）

79. The soil is a part of the earth，so is the atmosphere.（so/ as +助動詞+主語，表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者）

80. It was not until all the f sh died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.（only + 狀語或not until置于被強調(diào)部分，主句倒裝解除）

81. Who do you think will come f rst in the speech contest? （do you think是插入語，置于疑問詞后構(gòu)成雙重問句，后接陳述句語序）

82. The taxi driver explained that he had reminded the passenger of her belongings and that she hadn’t left much impression on him. （引導(dǎo)兩個以上賓語從句時，第二個that不能省略）

83. Last week our class had a discussion about whether or not school uniforms should be worn.（whether引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，不能用if替換）

84. While I always felt I would pass the exam ，I never thought I would get an A. （while熟詞新義，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句）

85. Obviously，the more you practise listening and reading，the better you’ll speak and write.（the+比較級，the+比較級?！霸健?，越……”）

86. Whatever diff culties you meet with，you ought to try to overcome them. （whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter what，后接名詞）

87. However frequently performed，the works of Beethoven are still well-received. （however熟詞新義，相當于no matter how，后接形容詞或副詞）

88. Had I paid much attention to the problem，I wouldn’t be trapped in the present situation.（混雜式虛擬條件句，if被省略時從句倒裝）

89. A is to B what/as C is to D. 甲之于乙如同丙之于丁一樣（重要）。

（1）Vocabulary is to a language what bricks are to a building. 詞匯之于語言如同磚塊之于高樓。

（2）Reading is to mind what exercise is to the body . 閱讀之于思維如同運動之于人體。

90. Just as the saying/proverb goes，...常言道（古人云/俗話說）……

91. Well begun is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半。

92. Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

93. Nothing is dif f cult to the man who will try. 世上無難事，只要肯攀登。

94. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

95. No pains，no gains. 不勞則無獲。

96. Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。

97. Rome was not built in a day. 偉業(yè)非一日之功。

98. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真交。

99. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只學(xué)習(xí)不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。

100. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy ，wealthy and wise. 睡得早、起得早，聰明、富有、身體好。

（作者單位：甘肅省蘭州市第六中學(xué)）