袁麗品 馮 艷 李 學(xué) 馬建軍 徐長水 李 燕
河南省人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科 鄭州 450003
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血管性癡呆患者血清Hcy hs-CRP與D-二聚體臨床研究
袁麗品 馮 艷*李 學(xué) 馬建軍 徐長水 李 燕
河南省人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科 鄭州 450003
目的 研究血管性癡呆(VaD)患者癡呆程度與血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)和D-二聚體相關(guān)性,探討Hcy、hs-CRP和D-二聚體在血管性癡呆中的作用機(jī)制。方法 實(shí)驗(yàn)分為2組,正常對照組和血管性癡呆組,用散射比濁法檢測每份樣本中C反應(yīng)蛋白及D-二聚體含量,采用熒光標(biāo)記免疫檢測法檢測血清Hcy水平。結(jié)果 與正常對照組相比,血管性癡呆組Hcy、hs-CRP、D-二聚體濃度顯著增高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。直線相關(guān)分析結(jié)果提示,Hs-CRP、Hcy與MMSE評分之間呈負(fù)相關(guān)性。D-二聚體水平與MMSE評分無相關(guān)性。結(jié)論 同型半胱氨酸、高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白和D-二聚體參與了VaD的發(fā)病機(jī)制。血管性癡呆嚴(yán)重程度與Hcy和Hs-CRP呈顯著相關(guān)性。
血管性癡呆;同型半胱氨酸;D-二聚體;高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白
研究[1]表明,血漿同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平增高是導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和血栓形成的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)在動(dòng)脈硬化的形成和發(fā)展過程中起關(guān)鍵作用,也是重要的炎癥標(biāo)志物之一[2]。血漿D-二聚體水平是纖溶亢進(jìn)和高凝狀態(tài)的特異性標(biāo)志物,其增高提示纖溶活性增加。D-二聚體參與了急性腦梗死的發(fā)生發(fā)展,在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的起始及發(fā)展階段發(fā)揮極其重要的作用。動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化與腦血管病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。血管性癡呆(VaD)作為腦血管疾病引起的后天性獲得性智能障礙,腦血管疾病危險(xiǎn)因素也參與了其發(fā)病機(jī)制。本文探討Hcy、hs-CRP和D-二聚體在VaD發(fā)病機(jī)制中的關(guān)系和作用,為VaD的預(yù)防和治療提供線索。
1.1 研究對象 選取河南省人民醫(yī)院2012-01—2014-12血管性癡呆患者60例,男30例,女30例;51~79(65.5±7.5)歲;輕度癡呆28例,重度癡呆32例。并于同期篩選健康人60例作為對照組,男30例,女30例,年齡50~80(平均66.5±7.6)歲。VaD入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):依據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織國際疾病分類第10版(ICD-10)中血管性癡呆的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同時(shí)符合下列條件:(1)簡易智能狀態(tài)量表(MMSE)評分:13~23分為輕度癡呆,5~12分為中度癡呆,<5分為重度癡呆;(2)改良Hachinski缺血量表評分>4分;(3)符合美國精神病學(xué)會(huì)DSM-Ⅳ制訂的VD標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3];(4)既往有腦血管疾病史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)AD及心理疾病患者;(2)近1個(gè)月內(nèi)服用影響Hcy水平的藥物(如避孕藥、抗癲癇藥、多巴胺、葉酸和VitB12);(3)存在營養(yǎng)及代謝性疾病,如甲狀腺疾病、嚴(yán)重貧血及營養(yǎng)不良、葉酸和VitB12缺乏、嚴(yán)重肝腎和其他臟器疾病。
1.2 方法 分別抽取2組清晨空腹肘靜脈血,檢測血清Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體,室溫放置1~2 h,以2 000 r/min離心15 min,提取血清200 μL,置-70℃冰箱保存。采用散射比濁法檢測C反應(yīng)蛋白及D-二聚體含量,采用熒光標(biāo)記免疫檢測法檢測血清Hcy水平。
2.1 2組Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體檢測結(jié)果比較 研究組Hs-CRP、Hcy和D-二聚體檢測結(jié)果均明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見表1。
表1 2組Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體檢測結(jié)果比較
2.2 不同程度癡呆患者Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體檢測結(jié)果比較 直線相關(guān)分析結(jié)果提示,Hs-CRP、Hcy與MMSE評分之間呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(r=-0.461、-0.625,P<0.01)。即隨著VaD患者M(jìn)MSE評分的增加,癡呆嚴(yán)重程度降低,血漿Hs-CRP和Hcy水平呈下降趨勢。D-二聚體水平與MMSE評分不存在相關(guān)性(r=-0.216,P=0.325)。輕度癡呆Hcy和Hs-CRP值明顯低于中重度癡呆患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);D-二聚體比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
表2 不同程度癡呆患者Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體 檢測結(jié)果比較±s)
隨著人口老齡化,癡呆已成為當(dāng)今世界關(guān)注的重要問題。腦血管疾病直接導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知功能障礙,腦血管疾病危險(xiǎn)因素直接參與VaD的病理生理機(jī)制。動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、糖尿病、高血壓、高Hcy血癥等血管性危險(xiǎn)因素可能是血管性癡呆的直接原因。Hcy為甲硫氨酸的中間代謝產(chǎn)物,是一種含硫氨基酸,能促進(jìn)氧化低密度脂蛋白(LDL)形成、導(dǎo)致血管內(nèi)皮損害和血小板集聚,是心腦血管疾病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。CRP是炎癥反應(yīng)的標(biāo)志物,通過免疫應(yīng)答產(chǎn)生抗炎作用[4]。動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊內(nèi)的炎癥與血清炎性因子水平增高有關(guān),CRP增高程度與腦動(dòng)脈硬化程度密切相關(guān)[5-7]。研究顯示,炎癥因子,特別是CRP增加能預(yù)測認(rèn)知功能下降[8-9]。血漿D-二聚體水平是纖溶亢進(jìn)和高凝狀態(tài)的特異性標(biāo)志物,其增高提示纖溶活性增加。血漿D-二聚體的水平在缺血性腦卒中急性期明顯提高,在恢復(fù)期有所下降。D-二聚體參與了急性腦梗死的發(fā)生發(fā)展,在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的起始及發(fā)展階段發(fā)揮極其重要的作用,其血漿水平和斑塊纖維帽厚度成反比。因此,異常升高的纖維蛋白原會(huì)引起患者斑塊破裂和血栓形成[10-11]。Carcaillon等[12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),D-二聚體增加明顯增加了血管性癡呆發(fā)病率。
本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,VaD組血漿Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體水平較正常對照組明顯上升,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),與以前的研究結(jié)果一致[13-16],提示Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體參與了VaD的發(fā)病過程。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果還顯示,VaD組血漿Hcy、Hs-CRP與MMSE評分呈負(fù)相關(guān),輕度癡呆與中重度癡呆D-二聚體相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),說明D-二聚體可能參與了血管性癡呆的發(fā)病過程,而與血管性癡呆的進(jìn)展無關(guān)??傊?,Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體可能與血管性癡呆的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),對血漿Hcy、Hs-CRP和D-二聚體干預(yù)可能對血管性癡呆的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展有作用,為腦血管病的二級(jí)預(yù)防提供一個(gè)有益的思路。
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(收稿2016-07-11)
Clinical research of serum homocysteine,high-sensitive C-reactive protein and D-Dimer in patients with vascular dementia
YuanLipin,F(xiàn)engYan,LiXue,MaJianjun,XuChangshui,LiYan
DepartmentofNeurology,thePeople’sHospitalofHenanProvince,Zhengzhou450003,China
Objective To study the relationships between levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy),high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),D-Dimer and vascular dementia (VaD),and to investigate the mechanism of Hcy,hs-CRP and D-dimer in the vascular dementia.Methods Subjects were divided into normal control group and vascular dementia group.CRP and D-Dimer content were detected by scattering turbidimetry,and the serum Hcy level was detected by fluorescence labeling immunoassay.Results Compared with the normal control group,Hcy,hs-CRP and D-Dimer were significantly higher in the vascular dementia group,and the differences were statistically significant.Linear correlation analysis showed negative correlations between Hs-CRP,Hcy and MMSE scores.There was no correlation between the level of D-Dimer and the MMSE scores.Conclusion Hcy,hs-CRP and D-Dimer are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VAD)and there are significant correlations between the severity of vascular dementia and the levels of Hcy and Hs-CRP.
Vascular dementia;Homocysteine;D-Dimer;High-sensitive C-reactive protein
河南省科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目資助,編號(hào)122102310160
R749.1+3
A
1673-5110(2016)24-0037-03
*通訊作者:馮艷,女,1974年10月,碩士,副主任醫(yī)師