林亦霞 王梓辛 劉歡 王征 梁滿中 戴小軍 陳良碧
(湖南師范大學(xué) 生命科學(xué)學(xué)院, 長沙 410081; *通訊聯(lián)系人, E-mail: hello_dxj@163.com, chenliangbi@126.com)
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基于NYT 1433-2014中48對SSR引物的94份雜交稻親本DNA分子數(shù)字指紋庫研究
林亦霞 王梓辛 劉歡 王征 梁滿中 戴小軍*陳良碧*
(湖南師范大學(xué) 生命科學(xué)學(xué)院, 長沙 410081;*通訊聯(lián)系人, E-mail: hello_dxj@163.com, chenliangbi@126.com)
LIN Yixia, WANG Zixin, LIU Huan, et al. Research on DNA molecular digital fingerprint database based on 48 pairs of SSR primers for 94 hybrid rice parents in NYT 1433-2014. Chin J Rice Sci, 2016, 30(6): 593-602.
建立方法簡便、分辨率高的水稻品種遺傳多態(tài)性和真實(shí)性鑒定的分子指紋技術(shù)對于指導(dǎo)水稻育種和規(guī)范種子市場都具有重要意義。農(nóng)業(yè)部頒布的水稻品種鑒定技術(shù)規(guī)程行業(yè)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是基于35個(gè)不同遺傳特點(diǎn)的代表性水稻品種建立的SSR分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)規(guī)程。本研究根據(jù)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法,對94份雜交水稻親本材料的遺傳多態(tài)性和特異性進(jìn)行了比較分析,結(jié)果表明,供試品種間至少具有3對以上引物擴(kuò)增的DNA片段差異,即利用該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能很好地區(qū)分供試雜交水稻親本的遺傳差異。對新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中48對推薦引物的比較與分析表明,46對引物擴(kuò)增的DNA片段多態(tài)性較高,而RM176和RM551兩對引物擴(kuò)增帶多態(tài)性較低,因此在其染色體的其他位點(diǎn)可進(jìn)一步研究多態(tài)性更高的分子標(biāo)記。與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中35個(gè)水稻品種的指紋庫進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)了16個(gè)新的等位變異,這些位點(diǎn)可作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指紋庫的信息補(bǔ)充,豐富標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫中的遺傳信息。對94個(gè)雜交水稻親本的分子指紋比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)23個(gè)親本材料具有特異性分子標(biāo)記,這些特異分子標(biāo)記可應(yīng)用于雜交組合的真實(shí)性以及雜交種子純度的分子鑒定。根據(jù)供試親本的數(shù)字分子指紋,構(gòu)建了87個(gè)不育系與7個(gè)父本雜交的虛擬組合數(shù)字分子指紋庫以及虛擬組合的真實(shí)性和純度快速鑒定的特異數(shù)字分子標(biāo)記。
雜交稻; SSR引物; 數(shù)字指紋
SSR分子標(biāo)記是共顯性標(biāo)記,多態(tài)性豐富,具有操作簡便快捷和穩(wěn)定性好等特點(diǎn)[1],已廣泛應(yīng)用于遺傳圖譜的構(gòu)建和遺傳多樣性分析等[2-3]。越來越多的研究表明SSR分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)在水稻品種真?zhèn)渭凹兌辱b定上顯示出了巨大的作用,具有無可比擬的優(yōu)勢[4-10]。
2007年以前,利用SSR標(biāo)記建立水稻分子指紋庫已有大量研究,但沒有得到行業(yè)普遍認(rèn)可的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2007年農(nóng)業(yè)部頒發(fā)了水稻真實(shí)性鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“水稻品種鑒定DNA指紋方法(NY/T1433-2007)”,但該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所用SSR標(biāo)記僅24對,且部分標(biāo)記多態(tài)性不高,在鑒定品種真實(shí)性中存在局限性。2014年農(nóng)業(yè)部重新發(fā)布了新修訂的行業(yè)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“水稻品種鑒定技術(shù)規(guī)程 SSR標(biāo)記法(NY/T 1433-2014)”,該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利用35個(gè)不同遺傳特點(diǎn)的代表性水稻品種篩選出了多態(tài)性較高的48對引物作為SSR核心標(biāo)記,并對每對SSR標(biāo)記標(biāo)注了其常見等位變異和每個(gè)等位變異的bp值,彌補(bǔ)了舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不足,為建立水稻數(shù)字分子指紋庫奠定基礎(chǔ),為我國水稻新品種的審定以及新品種的分子遺傳多態(tài)性評價(jià)提供了重要的技術(shù)支持。
雜交水稻的大面積推廣應(yīng)用為提高我國糧食產(chǎn)量做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。雜交水稻親本的遺傳多態(tài)性是培育不同雜交組合的遺傳基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)部水稻品種鑒定技術(shù)規(guī)程行業(yè)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn),申請審定的雜交水稻新組合在以48對SSR引物構(gòu)建的DNA分子指紋圖譜中,必須與其他已有品種具有不少于2個(gè)標(biāo)記差異。因此,開展雜交水稻親本以及親本選育材料的分子遺傳多態(tài)性分析,對于雜交水稻育種具有重要指導(dǎo)作用。另外,以48對引物為基礎(chǔ),開發(fā)更多的特異DNA片段,對于豐富水稻分子指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫以及開展雜交種子純度的快速分子鑒定都有重要意義。本研究以兩系和三系雜交稻親本為研究材料,構(gòu)建數(shù)字分子指紋庫,分析其遺傳多態(tài)性和特異性,以期為雜交水稻選育和種子質(zhì)量評價(jià)等提供技術(shù)支持[11-15]。
1.1 水稻材料
94個(gè)雜交水稻親本中包括秈稻溫敏不育系54個(gè),來源于光敏不育系農(nóng)墾58S不育基因源的粳稻不育系2個(gè),秈稻不育系3個(gè),三系野敗型不育系17個(gè), 印尼型不育系3個(gè), 岡型不育系1個(gè), 遼型不育系2個(gè), 馬協(xié)型不育系1個(gè),紅蓮型不育系2個(gè), BT型不育系2個(gè),父本材料7個(gè)(表1)。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 水稻DNA的提取
水稻葉片(或種子)按照CTAB法提取幼苗葉片DNA。
1.2.2 PCR擴(kuò)增和凝膠電泳
根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(NY/T 1433-2014)推薦的48對SSR核心標(biāo)記物序列,由上海生工公司合成PCR引物。SSR反應(yīng)在10 μL的反應(yīng)體系中進(jìn)行,其中包括2×TaqPCR Mix 5 μL,ddH2O 3 μL,引物(20 μmol/L) 各0.5 μL,模板DNA(50 ng/μL) 1 μL。 擴(kuò)增條件為94℃下預(yù)變性 4 min; 94℃下變性45 s, 55℃下退火45 s, 72℃下延伸1 min,35個(gè)循環(huán);最終72℃下延伸8 min。PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物和參照品種一起在8%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,然后進(jìn)行觀察記錄分析。
1.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)賦值及數(shù)據(jù)庫建立
根據(jù)各標(biāo)記的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品,對各水稻材料的電泳條帶結(jié)果進(jìn)行賦值: 純合位點(diǎn)的基因型數(shù)據(jù)記錄為X/X,X為該位點(diǎn)等位變異的大??;雜合位點(diǎn)的基因型數(shù)據(jù)記錄為X/Y,其中X、Y為該位點(diǎn)上兩個(gè)不同的等位變異,小片段數(shù)據(jù)在前,大片段數(shù)據(jù)在后。缺失位點(diǎn)等位變異數(shù)據(jù)記錄為0/0。根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)重復(fù)性驗(yàn)證后對水稻各品種建立分子指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫。
1.2.4 新片段克隆測序
對擴(kuò)增出的農(nóng)業(yè)部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供的指紋庫中不存在的新帶型的片段重復(fù)驗(yàn)證后進(jìn)行切膠回收,回收產(chǎn)物連接到載體PMD-18T,轉(zhuǎn)化后對菌落進(jìn)行PCR檢測并測序。
2.1 雜交水稻親本數(shù)字分子指紋庫與遺傳多樣性分析
根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(NY/T 1433-2014)的48對SSR引物和35個(gè)代表性品種作為參照品種,構(gòu)建供試雜交水稻親本材料數(shù)字分子指紋庫。圖1為水稻不育系品種“準(zhǔn)S”的擴(kuò)增結(jié)果,圖1-A為引物RM85擴(kuò)增圖譜,參照品種齊粒絲苗(104 bp)、安育早1號(95 bp)、紫香糯(80 bp)各有1條帶,準(zhǔn)S擴(kuò)增出的條帶與參照品種齊粒絲苗擴(kuò)增帶一致,準(zhǔn)S該位點(diǎn)的數(shù)字分子賦值為104/104。圖1-B為引物OSR28擴(kuò)增圖譜,5個(gè)參照品種分別是合江18(178 bp)、旱輪稻(172 bp)、紅殼老來青(169 bp)、Dasanbyeo(135 bp)、竹云糯(132 bp),準(zhǔn)S擴(kuò)增的條帶與參照品種Dasanbyeo一致,即準(zhǔn)S該位點(diǎn)的數(shù)字分子賦值為135/135。
表1 供試的94個(gè)雜交稻親本的名稱與代號
Table 1. Name and code of 94 tested hybrid rice parents.
代號Code材料Material類型Type代號Code材料Material類型Type1陸18SLu18ST48BYXX1T2長選3SChangxuan3SPT49BYXX2T3農(nóng)墾58SNongken58SP50BYXX3T4廣占63SGuangzhan63ST51BYXX4T5準(zhǔn)SZhunST52BYXX5T6安農(nóng)S-1AnnongS-1T53BYXX6T7901ST54BYXX7T8湘陵628SXiangling628ST55BYXX8T9B101ST56BYXX9T10廣湘24SGuangxiang24ST577001SP11株1SZhu1ST58N5088SP121103ST59PA64SPT13BY58ST60V20AWA14T91S-選T91S-chosenT61豐源AFengyuanAWA15D40ST62T98AWA16GS6T63五豐AWufengAWA17荊18SJing18ST64634AWA18隆605SLong605ST65天豐ATianfengAWA19永早3SYongzao3ST66D62AWA20香125SXiang125ST67川香29AChuanxiangAWA21賀1SHe1ST68宜香AYixiangAWA22N111ST69優(yōu)ZAYouZAWA23標(biāo)810SBiao810ST70炳1ABing1AWA24T91ST71岳4AYue4AWA25恒59SHeng59ST72賀11AHe11AWA26早SZaoST73隆398ALong398AWA27810ST74吉天AJitianAWA28N118ST75隆晶4302ALongjing4302AWA29YOST76深95AShen95AWA30H638ST77Ⅱ32AIA3188ST78優(yōu)1AYou1AIA32710ST79中九AZhongjiuAIA33安湘SAnxiangST80岡46AGang46AGA34750ST8124-64AL35株25SZhu25ST82H13AL36H629ST83武香AWuxiangAM37Y58ST84粵泰AYuetaiAHL38明SMingST85超泰AChaotaiAHL39隆74SLong74ST86T1ABT40KT27ST87199ABT41華煜4127SHuayu4127ST889311F42錦4128SJin4128ST899311-選9311-chosenF43云峰SYunfengST90R527F44天安STiananST91R111F45N2ST92R58F46衡農(nóng)SHengnongST93R624F47W6154SPT94R217F
T-溫敏不育系; P-來源于農(nóng)墾58S的粳稻光敏不育系; PT-來源于農(nóng)墾58S的秈稻溫敏不育系; WA-野敗型不育系; IA-印水型不育系; GA-岡型不育系; HL-紅蓮型不育系; L-遼型不育系; M-馬協(xié)型不育系; F-父本材料。 9311-有芒9311; 9311-選-無芒9311; BYXX1~BYXX9為新選育未審定的兩用核不育系。
T, Thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile line; P,japonicamale sterile line derived from Nongken 58S; PT,indicamale sterile line derived from Nongken 58S; WA, Wild abortion type sterile line; IA, Cytoplasmic male sterile line; GA, Type-G CMS line; HL, HL-type CMS line; L, Liao-type CMS line; M, Maxie-type CMS line; F, Male parent. 9311, Awned 9311. 9311-chosen, Awnless 9311; BYXX1-BYXX9, New genic male sterile lines before examination.
1-紫香糯; 2-安育早1號; 3-齊粒絲苗; 4-天安S; 5-竹云糯; 6-Dasanbyeo; 7-紅殼老來青; 8-旱輪稻; 9-合江18。A-SSR引物RM85; B-SSR引物OSR28。
1, Zixiangnuo; 2, Anyuzao 1; 3, Qilisimiao; 4, Tian′an S; 5, Zhuyunnuo; 6, Dasanbyeo; 7, Hongkelaolaiqing; 8, Hanlundao; 9, Hejiang 18. A, SSR primer RM85; B, SSR primer OSR28.
圖1 準(zhǔn)S上SSR標(biāo)記RM85和OSR28擴(kuò)增電泳結(jié)果
Fig.1. Electrophoretogram amplified with RM85 and OSR28 in Zhun S.
將48對引物的準(zhǔn)S擴(kuò)增片段大小進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)和賦值,該品種的數(shù)字分子指紋結(jié)果見表2。對94個(gè)雜交稻親本按照此種方式進(jìn)行賦值,建立數(shù)字分子指紋庫。
利用軟件NTSYS-PC對94個(gè)雜交水稻親本的遺傳相似系數(shù)進(jìn)行分析(表3),各品種間遺傳相似系數(shù)變幅0.54~0.97,其中遺傳相似系數(shù)最高的兩個(gè)品種是標(biāo)810S和810S,標(biāo)810S是810S的自然突變體,其遺傳相似系數(shù)高達(dá)0.97,這兩個(gè)品種有3對引物的差異,其中2對引物的差異為擴(kuò)增條帶有或無,1對引物為擴(kuò)增條帶遷移率不同。遺傳相似系數(shù)最低的是陸18S和H13A,僅為0.54。兩個(gè)品種間有40對引物的差異,陸18S是早秈型溫敏核不育系,H13A是粳稻遼型細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育系,親緣關(guān)系遠(yuǎn),遺傳差異大。根據(jù)品種間差異的引物數(shù)不少于2對判定為“不同品種”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),94個(gè)雜交水稻親本都為不同品種。該研究結(jié)果表明新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的48對SSR標(biāo)記具較強(qiáng)的核DNA多態(tài)性區(qū)分功能。
2.2 48對SSR分子標(biāo)記的多態(tài)性比較
DNA分子標(biāo)記的多態(tài)性是衡量該標(biāo)記有效性的重要標(biāo)志。供試的48對SSR引物在94個(gè)雜交水稻親本中共檢測到197個(gè)等位變異。每對引物擴(kuò)增的等位變異范圍為2~7個(gè),平均值為4.10,PIC范圍為0.25~0.77,平均值為0.56(表4),具較高多態(tài)性。
表2 準(zhǔn)S核DNA數(shù)字分子指紋
Table 2. Results of digital molecular fingerprint of Zhun S nuclear DNA.
序號No.引物Primer基因型Genotype/bp序號No.引物Primer基因型Genotype/bp序號No.引物Primer基因型Genotype/bp1RM583189/18917RM267156/15633OSR28135/1352RM71148/14818RM253142/14234RM590139/1393RM85104/10419RM481162/16235RM21160/1604RM471104/10420RM339146/14636RM3331120/1205RM274162/16221RM278142/14237RM443119/1196RM190109/10922RM258128/12838RM49092/927RM336154/15423RM224155/15539RM424263/2638RM72163/16324RM17185/18540RM423268/2689RM219222/22225RM493237/23741RM571179/17910RM311170/17026RM561185/18542RM231180/18011RM209132/13227RM8277165/16543RM567248/24812RM19216/21628RM551184/18444RM289106/10613RM1195146/14629RM598156/15645RM54289/8914RM208180/18030RM176136/13646RM316196/19615RM232141/14131RM432168/16847RM332167/16716RM119169/16932RM331171/17148RM7102173/173
表3 供試94個(gè)雜交水稻親本的遺傳相似系數(shù)比較
Table 3. Genetic similarity coefficient comparison of the tested 94 hybrid rice parents.
材料Material遺傳相似系數(shù)Geneticsimilaritycoefficient區(qū)間Range平均值Mean材料Material遺傳相似系數(shù)Geneticsimilaritycoefficient區(qū)間Range平均值Mean陸18SLu18S0.54-0.890.71BYXX10.65-0.810.68長選3SChangxuan3S0.61-0.820.69BYXX20.64-0.810.72農(nóng)墾58SNongken58S0.55-0.880.62BYXX30.59-0.830.79廣占63SGuangzhan63S0.56-0.830.69BYXX40.59-0.840.71準(zhǔn)SZhunS0.55-0.820.73BYXX50.57-0.840.70安農(nóng)S-1AnnongS-10.60-0.770.69BYXX60.60-0.840.69901S0.60-0.960.72BYXX70.61-0.800.70湘陵628SXiangling628S0.60-0.960.68BYXX80.58-0.840.70B101S0.61-0.790.69BYXX90.59-0.800.71廣湘24SGuangxiang24S0.56-0.790.687001S0.58-0.880.63株1SZhu1S0.55-0.800.70N5088S0.57-0.860.641103S0.63-0.800.72PA64S0.58-0.770.69BY58S0.60-0.750.68V20A0.62-0.840.71T91S-選T91S-chosen0.61-0.800.69豐源AFengyuanA0.61-0.850.72D40S0.57-0.890.70T98A0.62-0.820.71GS60.56-0.890.69五豐AWufengA0.61-0.930.73荊18SJing18S0.56-0.930.69634A0.63-0.880.72隆605SLong605S0.58-0.930.70天豐ATianfengA0.61-0.880.72永早3SYongzao3S0.55-0.900.70D62A0.60-0.840.71香125SXiang125S0.56-0.900.70川香29AChuanxiangA0.55-0.820.72賀1SHe1S0.59-0.830.70宜香AYixiangA0.66-0.850.72N111S0.64-0.760.69優(yōu)ZAYouZA0.65-0.890.73標(biāo)810SBiao810S0.62-0.970.71炳1ABing1A0.57-0.890.72T91S0.55-0.820.71岳4AYue4A0.60-0.850.72恒59SHeng59S0.63-0.770.70賀11AHe11A0.54-0.770.68早SZaoS0.59-0.830.71隆398ALong398A0.59-0.790.70810S0.61-0.970.70吉天AJitianA0.58-0.800.69N118S0.59-0.860.70隆晶4302ALongjing4302A0.56-0.820.70YOS0.61-0.800.70深95AShen95A0.65-0.820.73H638S0.64-0.910.71Ⅱ32A0.60-0.890.7388S0.63-0.830.70優(yōu)1AYou1A0.61-0.840.71710S0.61-0.860.71中九AZhongjiuA0.61-0.800.70安湘SAnxiangS0.61-0.850.71岡46AGang46A0.60-0.890.73750S0.59-0.860.7224-64A0.57-0.820.64株25SZhu25S0.60-0.860.70H13A0.54-0.800.63H629S0.59-0.910.71武香AWuxiangA0.62-0.770.68Y58S0.60-0.790.68粵泰AYuetaiA0.62-0.850.73明SMingS0.58-0.820.70超泰AChaotaiA0.58-0.750.69隆74SLong74S0.59-0.750.68T1A0.55-0.800.63KT27S0.57-0.760.68199A0.56-0.800.63華煜4127SHuayu4127S0.62-0.930.6993110.61-0.820.73錦4128SJin4128S0.56-0.920.719311-選9311-chosen0.61-0.820.69云峰SYunfengS0.57-0.850.71R5270.62-0.810.70天安STiananS0.58-0.850.70R1110.60-0.830.66N2S0.59-0.780.71R580.62-0.870.69衡農(nóng)SHengnongS0.59-0.790.72R6240.61-0.820.69W6154S0.58-0.790.71R2170.61-0.870.69
表 4 48對分子標(biāo)記在供試雜交水稻親本中等位基因數(shù)及多態(tài)性信息指數(shù)比較
Table 4. Number of alleles and PIC for the test hybrid rice parents of 48 SSR molecular markers.
引物Primer等位基因數(shù)No.ofalleles多態(tài)性信息量PIC引物Primer等位基因數(shù)No.ofalleles多態(tài)性信息量PIC引物Primer等位基因數(shù)No.ofalleles多態(tài)性信息量PICRM58350.68RM26730.58OSR2850.46RM7130.51RM25340.57RM59030.59RM8540.39RM48150.55RM2170.75RM47130.53RM33930.41RM333160.77RM27420.35RM27840.66RM44330.30RM19050.58RM25840.60RM49040.47RM33670.69RM22470.75RM42440.64RM7270.60RM1720.46RM42330.47RM21960.70RM49350.64RM57130.54RM31140.60RM56140.29RM23140.66RM20950.70RM827760.39RM56730.38RM1950.68RM55130.25RM28920.37RM119560.75RM59830.63RM54230.35RM20850.67RM17620.26RM31640.70RM23250.71RM43240.75RM33240.54RM11920.76RM33120.46RM710240.69平均值Mean4.100.56
引物RM224等位基因數(shù)為7,擴(kuò)增出15種帶型,其PIC值高達(dá)0.75,另一對引物RM119,等位基因數(shù)為2,雖只擴(kuò)增出2種帶型,其PIC值高達(dá)0.76。表明這兩個(gè)標(biāo)記位點(diǎn)呈高度多態(tài)性。而第6染色體標(biāo)記引物RM176等位基因數(shù)為2,只有2種帶型,其PIC值僅為0.26,該標(biāo)記在供試材料的遺傳差異分析中貢獻(xiàn)率最大不超過10%。第4染色體上標(biāo)記引物RM551等位基因數(shù)為3,擴(kuò)增出3種帶型,但PIC值也僅0.25。該標(biāo)記在供試材料的遺傳差異分析中貢獻(xiàn)率最大不超過7%。表明這兩個(gè)標(biāo)記位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性不高,對品種間的差異分辨力弱。
2.3 雜交水稻親本中新增等位變異位的分析
與35個(gè)參照水稻品種構(gòu)建的分子指紋庫進(jìn)行比對,在供試的雜交水稻親本中的有13對SSR引物擴(kuò)增出了16條新條帶。例如引物RM231在安農(nóng)S-1中擴(kuò)增出了一條比參照品種輪回01(194 bp)、合江18(192 bp)、陸川早1號(186 bp)小的條帶(圖2),經(jīng)克隆測序該新帶長度為180 bp。其全序列為CCAGATTATTTCCTGAGGTCAAGGGCTTTGAGTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTTAAAAAAGATCTGTTTGTATTTCATTGCAATACATGTAGTTATCAGTAATAACAGAAAGAACATTTGTACATTACTCTCAATCACTACATTTTTTTTCAATGCAGAACTATGCAAGTGA。除在安農(nóng)S-1外,在準(zhǔn)S、KT27S等13個(gè)材料中都擴(kuò)增出了該條帶,且序列完全一致。
1-陸川早1號; 2-合江18; 3-輪回01; 4-安農(nóng)S-1。
1, Luchuanzao 1; 2, Hejiang 18; 3, Lunhui 01; 4, Annong S-1.
圖2 引物RM231在安農(nóng)S-1中擴(kuò)增出的新條帶
Fig. 2. New band amplified with primer RM231 of Annong S-1.
引物RM72擴(kuò)增出了兩條新帶,其中在R527、R58等9個(gè)水稻材料中擴(kuò)增出的新條帶為165 bp的新片段,全序列為CCGGCGATAAAACAATGAGAAATTAGGTACATAATAATAATAATAGTAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAATAGTAATAATAATAGTAATAGTAATAATAAAAGCATAAATAACTTGCAACCCATATCCCTTAGTTAGGACCGATGCA。在長選3S、明S等7個(gè)材料中擴(kuò)增出的新條帶為152 bp,全序列為GCATCGGTCCTAACTAAGGGATATGGGTTGCAAGTTATTTATGCTTTTATTATTACTATTACTATTATTATTACTATTATTATTATTATTATTATTATTATTATTACTATTATTATTATTATGTACCTAATTTCTCATTGTTTTATCGCCGG。
表5 雜交水稻親本新增等位變異位點(diǎn)及片段大小
Table 5. New allelic variants point and fragment size of hybrid rice parents.
序號No.引物Primer參照品種等位變異點(diǎn)Commonallelicvariationpoint/bp新增等位變異點(diǎn)Newallelicvariationpoint材料名稱Material1RM583180,189,192,1951589311,9311-選2RM8580,95,10493荊18S,隆605S,廣占63S,天安S3RM190109,120,122128YOS4RM190109,120,122107B101S,BY58S,T91S-選5RM72163,175,178,190,193152長選3S,PA64S,明S,N111S,YOS,H638S,H629S6RM72163,175,178,190,193165華煜4127S,R527,R111,R58,R624,R217,恒59S,901S7RM219194,200,202,215,222186安農(nóng)S,明S,N118S,標(biāo)810S,安湘S,株25S8RM19216,247,250,253221賀1S,N111S9RM253133,135,142119隆74S,BYXX6,超泰A10RM481146,162,165182云峰S,荊18S,R111,D40S11RM481146,162,165156隆74S12RM432168,172,188180云峰S,天安S,華煜4127S,錦4128S,KT27S,隆398A,陸18S,廣占63S,賀11A,GS6,隆605S,N111S,標(biāo)810S,810S,N118S,H638S,88S,750S,H629S,931113RM49092,97,99108陸18S,GS6,永早3S14RM231186,192,194180錦4128S,KT27S,準(zhǔn)S,安農(nóng)S,BYXX7,永早3S,標(biāo)810S,810S,H638S,H629S,岳4A,901S15RM332162,164,167184陸18S,GS6,T91S,W6154S,株25S16RM336151,154,160,163,166,193144宜香A,24-64A
另外RM190、RM481等8對引物擴(kuò)增出的新條帶只出現(xiàn)在1~3份材料中(表4),例如引物RM190在不育系YOS中擴(kuò)增出了1條128 bp特異帶。引物RM481在隆74S中擴(kuò)增出了1條156 bp特異帶。引物RM583在父本9311和9311-選中擴(kuò)增出了1條158 bp特異帶。這種特異位點(diǎn)可用于雜交水稻親本以及組合的真實(shí)性和純度的快速分子檢測。
2.4 虛擬雜交組合數(shù)字分子指紋庫及特異分子標(biāo)記
雜交組合包含了雙親的全部遺傳信息,雜交組合核DNA的數(shù)字分子指紋即父母本的互補(bǔ)數(shù)字分子指紋,根據(jù)已知的雜交水稻親本的數(shù)字分子指紋,可虛擬出雜交組合的數(shù)字分子指紋。
例如,根據(jù) YOS和9311的數(shù)字分子指紋,虛擬出了YOS/9311的雜交組合數(shù)字分子指紋(表5)。該數(shù)字分子指紋與另外86個(gè)不育系雜9311的組合以及YOS雜另6個(gè)父本的組合的數(shù)字分子指紋都具有3對以上的差異位點(diǎn),故該虛擬組合符合新品種遺傳審定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在該虛擬組合生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中,引物RM583擴(kuò)增出的158 bp/189 bp可作為雜交組合真實(shí)性和純度分子快速檢測標(biāo)記,即雜交組合種子中只有189 bp條帶的為混雜種子,混雜來源于不育系自交種子;只有158 bp條帶的也為混雜種子,混雜來源于父本的機(jī)械混雜;具有xxxbp/189 bp或189 bp/xxxbp條帶為串粉混雜種子;不含158 bp和189 bp條帶的種子為稻田落粒谷混雜或其他機(jī)械混雜種子。
目前中國在雜交稻品種選育方面正快速形成育繁推一體化的品種創(chuàng)新體系,雜交稻親本選育必將進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展時(shí)期,但現(xiàn)代分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)在雜交育種中的貢獻(xiàn)率仍較低,加強(qiáng)分子技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)育種技術(shù)的緊密結(jié)合已成為雜交水稻育種的迫切需求[16-19]。開展雜交水稻親本選育過程中核DNA數(shù)字分子指紋分析,是加速新品種選育的有效途徑,即對新選育材料進(jìn)行DNA數(shù)字分子指紋分析,并將數(shù)字信息提交到數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行比對,以具2對以上變異位點(diǎn)作為篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),只有達(dá)到該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的親本材料應(yīng)用于雜種優(yōu)勢測配,這樣有利于減少雜交稻親本選育的盲目性和大量無效測配勞動,提高雜交育種效率[20-23]。
表6 YOS /9311雜交組合數(shù)字分子指紋
Table 6. Results of digital molecular fingerprint of YOS /9311 hybrids.
序號No.引物Primer基因型Genotype/bp序號No.引物Primer基因型Genotype/bp序號No.引物Primer基因型Genotype/bp1RM583189/18917RM267156/15633OSR28135/1352RM71139/14818RM253142/14234RM590139/1463RM85104/10419RM481162/16535RM21128/1384RM471102/10420RM339146/14636RM3331110/1105RM274149/16221RM278128/13837RM443119/1236RM190122/12822RM258128/13238RM49092/927RM336154/15423RM224153/15339RM424280/2808RM72152/15224RM17159/18540RM423268/2719RM219202/21525RM493237/24041RM571179/18510RM311170/17026RM561185/18742RM231192/19211RM209132/13227RM8277165/16543RM567248/24812RM19247/24728RM551184/19044RM28987/10613RM1195142/14629RM598153/15645RM54289/8914RM208167/18230RM176136/13646RM316200/20015RM232150/16131RM432168/18847RM332164/16416RM119169/16932RM331151/17148RM7102170/190
目前,雜交水稻市場的品種套牌、冒牌等侵權(quán)事件時(shí)有發(fā)生,建立不同品種的數(shù)字分子指紋庫是解決這一問題的有效手段[24-25]。前期許多研究建立的水稻品種分子指紋圖譜,主要依據(jù)條帶的多少進(jìn)行比對,不能數(shù)字化,加之沒有參照品種作對照,不同實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下其電泳帶的遷移率不盡相同,導(dǎo)致分子指紋圖譜的相似性分析易出現(xiàn)偏差,另外前期的24對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)引物信息量偏少,部分引物多態(tài)性不高,導(dǎo)致水稻品種的分子指紋特異性不高[26-29]。利用農(nóng)業(yè)部行業(yè)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(NY/T 1433-2014)易于構(gòu)建雜交水稻親本以及組合特異的數(shù)字分子指紋,更有利于水稻品種的產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。
本研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中標(biāo)記引物RM176和RM551作為分子標(biāo)記的多態(tài)性不高,對不同品種的分辨力較弱,有必要在其染色體上開發(fā)新的分子標(biāo)記。本研究同時(shí)篩選到16個(gè)新的等位變異位,這些位點(diǎn)可作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指紋庫的信息補(bǔ)充,豐富標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫中的遺傳信息。
SSR標(biāo)記在單個(gè)座位上檢測到的多態(tài)性遠(yuǎn)高于其他幾種分子標(biāo)記,且廣泛隨機(jī)均勻地分布于整個(gè)基因組,能準(zhǔn)確高效地鑒別大量等位基因,利用父母本特異互補(bǔ)帶可作為快速鑒定品種真實(shí)性和純度的理想分子標(biāo)記[30-35]。本研究在雜交水稻親本材料中篩選出23份材料的特異分子標(biāo)記,這些特異分子標(biāo)記可作為雜交水稻親本以及組合中是否混雜其他品種的分子檢測標(biāo)記,對于還未篩選出特異分子標(biāo)記的材料,可以進(jìn)一步增加SSR標(biāo)記篩選數(shù),開發(fā)出特異性強(qiáng)的快速鑒定品種真實(shí)性和純度的理想分子標(biāo)記。
根據(jù)目前我國在生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)用的主要不育系、父本以及近10年的雜交組合,構(gòu)建我國雜交水稻數(shù)字分子指紋信息庫,并建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)化公共服務(wù)平臺,讓所有雜交水稻育種工作者能利用該服務(wù)平臺開展雜交水稻親本資源創(chuàng)新和虛擬配組,以評價(jià)其新材料的遺傳多態(tài)性以及所配組合的遺傳類型,這可能對雜交水稻育種產(chǎn)生重大促進(jìn)作用。
本研究建立了94份雜交水稻親本的數(shù)字分子指紋庫,供試材料間具有3個(gè)以上的遺傳差異位點(diǎn)。篩選出23個(gè)材料的特異數(shù)字分子標(biāo)記,這些特異數(shù)字分子標(biāo)記可應(yīng)用于種子真實(shí)性或純度的快速分子鑒定。根據(jù)供試的不育系和父本的數(shù)字分子指紋建立了虛擬雜交水稻F1代的數(shù)字分子指紋庫和虛擬組合的特異數(shù)字分子標(biāo)記。
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Research on DNA Molecular Digital Fingerprint Database Based on 48 Pairs of SSR Primers for 94 Hybrid Rice Parents in NYT 1433-2014
LIN Yi-xia, WANG Zi-xin, LIU Huan, WANG Zheng, LIANG Man-zhong, DAI Xiao-jun*, CHEN Liang-bi*
(CollegeofLifeScience,HunanNormalUniversity,Changsha410081,China;*Corresponding author, E-mail: hello_dxj@163.com, chenliangbi@126.com)
It is of great significance to establish the simple molecular fingerprinting technique with high resolution for identification of the genetic polymorphism and the authenticity of different rice varieties, so as to guide rice breeding and regulate its seed market. The new standards of technical regulation on identification of the rice varieties with SSR markers, formulated by the Ministry of Agriculture of P.R. China, recommended the use of 35 control standard
amples with different genetic characteristics for identification of rice varieties. The genetic polymorphism and specificity of 94 hybrid rice parents were compared based on the standard method. The results indicated that the tested varieties differed at least three pairs of mutated loci or the genetic differences between the parents of hybrid rice could been well distinguished. By comparing the polymorphism of the 48 recommended primers of the new standard, 46 primers showed higher polymorphism except RM176 and RM551. Thus, higher polymorphic alternative molecular markers would be identified in other loci of the same chromosome. 16 new allelic variation sites were found and could be used as supplementary of standard fingerprint database and enrich genetic variation sites information. By analyzing molecular fingerprint of 94 hybrid parental materials, 23 have specific molecular markers and can be used in authenticity analysis of hybrid combination and purity identification of hybrid seeds. According to the digital molecular fingerprint of the tested rice parent, we constructed a virtual digital molecular fingerprint database including 87 female sterile lines and 7 male parents, and specific digital molecular marker of virtual hybridized combination authenticity and rapid seed purity identification.
hybrid rice; SSR primer; digital fingerprint
2015-12-29; 修改稿收到日期: 2016-03-12。
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(3147430); 生態(tài)學(xué)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科資助項(xiàng)目(0713)。
Q755; S511.01
A
1001-7216(2016)06-0593-10
林亦霞, 王梓辛, 劉歡, 等. 基于NYT 1433-2014中48對SSR引物的94份雜交稻親本DNA分子數(shù)字指紋庫研究. 中國水稻科學(xué), 2016, 30(6): 593-602.