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動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)解讀

2016-12-01 02:36:28安徽省懷遠(yuǎn)一中王玉峰
青蘋(píng)果 2016年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:主格句首狀語(yǔ)

安徽省懷遠(yuǎn)一中 王玉峰

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)解讀

安徽省懷遠(yuǎn)一中王玉峰

在學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式是一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。對(duì)于它作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等的用法大家應(yīng)該不陌生,本文跟大家一起探究不定式作狀語(yǔ)的情況。

?一、不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)?

(一)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)的位置

不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)可以置于句首或句尾,在句尾時(shí),與句子之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),在句首時(shí),可以用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。例如:

To save class time,our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other halffor our homework.

為了節(jié)約課堂時(shí)間,我們的老師要求我們學(xué)生在課堂上做一半練習(xí),剩下的一半在課后作為家庭作業(yè)完成。

【例1】_______(catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(Key:Tocatch)

【例2】_______ _(learn)more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided totake Chinese folk music as an elective course.(Key:Tolearn)

【例3】After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on______

(thank)all the people whohad helped in her career.(Key:tothank)

(二)in order to...與soas to...作目的狀語(yǔ)

in order to...作目的狀語(yǔ)置于句子前后均可,而soas to...作目的狀語(yǔ)通常置于句子后面,可以與對(duì)應(yīng)的inorderthat...和sothat...引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。否定形式是在to前加上not。例如:

Manyfarmers fertilize their crops in order to(soas to)make themgrowmore quickly.

→In order tomake their crops growmore quickly,manyfarmers fertilize them.

→Manyfarmers fertilize their crops in order that(sothat)theycan make themgrowmore quickly.許多農(nóng)民給莊稼施肥,為的是讓莊稼長(zhǎng)得更快些。

It's best topick and choose when watchingTVsoas not towaste time.

電視節(jié)目最好選擇性地看,以免浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

In order not to offend the famous master,he took lessons in secret from another composer,Joan Schenk.

為了不得罪這位大師,他暗中師從于另一位作曲家約翰·申克。

We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight,even though we are miles apart.

但愿人長(zhǎng)久,千里共嬋娟。

?二、不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)?

不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)多與only連用,還用于too...to....,...enough to...,so....as to...結(jié)構(gòu)中。

(一)onlyto...

only to do sth.表示的結(jié)果與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示的含義不同,前者表示的是出乎意料的結(jié)果,而后者表示的是符合邏輯的結(jié)果。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)只能置于句子后面,這與作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式不同。注意onlyto也可以表示目的,意思是“僅僅是為了……”。例如:

I walked all the wayfromhome tothe library,onlytofind it closed.我從家里一路走到圖書(shū)館,不料已經(jīng)關(guān)門(mén)了。

Such laws exist onlytoconserve the privilege ofthis selfish minority.這種法律的存在只會(huì)保護(hù)這一小部分自私自利者的特權(quán)。

【例4】After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,only_______(tell)that it was beingdecorated. (Key:tobe told)

(二)too...to...

too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)形式是肯定的,意義上卻是否定的,通常翻譯為“太……不能……”,前面的too是副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。但是,在下列情況下,表示肯定意義:①“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有but,only,all,never,not時(shí),是強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定的表示法,譯作“非常……、十分……、實(shí)在……、真是太……”等;②“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞,如ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,easy,anxious等時(shí),和動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)合成一個(gè)不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等,其后的不定式不是說(shuō)明too的具體內(nèi)容,而是修飾形容詞,此時(shí)不定式不再表示結(jié)果。例如:

We are onlytoohappytolive in China.生活在中國(guó),我們太幸福了。

The shoes are toobadlybroken tobe mended.這些鞋子破爛得不能修補(bǔ)。

Theyare all toosatisfied togoand dothis work.他們很樂(lè)意去做這項(xiàng)工作。

(三)...enough to...

此處的enough是副詞,修飾前面的形容詞或副詞。當(dāng)enough作為副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),要置于被修飾詞之后。

She was clever enough totake the management ofher own house.

她很能干,一定會(huì)管家。

Global warming is melting glaciers fast enough to make it the theme of the year's World Environment Day.

全球變暖導(dǎo)致冰川消融,其速度之快足以使它成為今年世界環(huán)境日的主題。

【例5】I got close enough_______(hear)them speaking Chinese,and I said“Ni Hao”just as I might doin China.(Key:tohear)

【例6】When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough_______(cool)the house during the hot day;at the same time,they warm again for the night.(Key:tocool)

(四)so...as to...

從結(jié)構(gòu)上可以看出so與as to分開(kāi)了,so是副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,意思是“如此……以至于……”,可以與引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的so...that...句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

YesterdaymorningI got up solate as tobe late for school.

→YesterdaymorningI got up solate that I was late for school.

昨天早晨我起床晚了以致上學(xué)都遲到了。

He was sotired as tobe unable towalk.

→He was tootired towalk.

→He was sotired that he was unable towalk.

他累得走不動(dòng)了。

He began blaming himself for being so stupid as not to have thought of the idea before,for Chao Po-taowas a real“God ofWealth”ifanyone was!

他怪自己為什么那樣糊涂,早沒(méi)想到趙伯韜這位真正的財(cái)神爺!

?三、不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)?

不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)主要用于表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)形容詞之后,表示某人對(duì)某事某物的反應(yīng)如何,常譯作“因……而……”。常見(jiàn)的這類表情緒情感的形容詞有eager,anxious,glad,happy,afraid,angry,sorry,sad,worried,pleased,satisfied,surprised,shocked,terrified,frightened,disappointed等。例如:

He was anxious todothis job.他非常想干這件工作。

I ameager tohave a world travel.我很想有一次環(huán)球旅行。

You're quite right.I'm afraid to hear others talk of happiness.That's because I no longer have any hope ofattainingit.

你說(shuō)得對(duì),我的確怕聽(tīng)見(jiàn)別人提起幸福,因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)沒(méi)有得到幸福的希望了。

?四、不定式用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”作狀語(yǔ)?

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是“名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”,此時(shí),不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ),而是前面的名詞或代詞。不定式在“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”中的用法與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同。例如:

Manytrees,flowers,and grass tobe planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.

種上許多的樹(shù)、花和草后,我們新建的學(xué)??瓷先⒏?。

He is leavingfor the conference next week,all expenses tobe paid byhis company.

他下周去參加一個(gè)會(huì)議,所有費(fèi)用由他的公司支付。

With nothingtodoin the afternoon,I went tosee a film.

下午無(wú)事可做,我就去看了場(chǎng)電影。

Sorry,I can't goout with all these dishes towash.

很抱歉,有這么多盤(pán)子要洗,我不能出去。

?五、不定式作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)?

評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)也叫觀念附加語(yǔ),它不是修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而是對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明和解釋,表明說(shuō)話人的看法和態(tài)度。評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)不與它所評(píng)注的句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上緊密結(jié)合,可以置于句首、句中或句尾,常用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。常用作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)的不定式有:tobe frank坦白地說(shuō);totell you the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話;to sum up總的來(lái)說(shuō);to be fair說(shuō)句公道話,憑良心說(shuō);to make matters worse更糟的是;tobe sure無(wú)可否認(rèn),的確;tobegin with首先等。例如:

Tomake matters worse,his Chinese is not good enough tocommunicate with us properly.

更糟的是,他的漢語(yǔ)不好,還不能夠跟我們正常交流。

Our English teacher is popular with us all,tobe sure.

無(wú)可否認(rèn),我們的英語(yǔ)老師很受大家歡迎。

【鞏固練習(xí)】用動(dòng)詞不定式完成下列句子。

1.為了求生,查克交了一個(gè)不同尋常的朋友——一個(gè)被他叫作威爾遜的排球。

________,Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend-a volleyball he calls Wilson.

2.我們四人同意分工干,每人翻譯全書(shū)的四分之一。

The four ofus agreed on a division oflabor,each_______.

3.有那么多的工作要做,我不能跟你一起去游泳了。

With_______,I can't goswimmingwith you.

4.首先,全國(guó)五十個(gè)州沒(méi)有一個(gè)全國(guó)性的學(xué)校指導(dǎo)制度可遵循。

________,there is nonationallydirected school systemfor all 50 states.

5.她跑到火車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。

She ran tothe station only_______.

6.照料一千只雞,我看不會(huì)太難的。

I don't think it will be_______.

7.等他有了力氣,可以不需要支撐站立起來(lái)的時(shí)候,他慢慢站起身來(lái)。

When he was_______without support,he rose tohis feet.

8.她輕輕地開(kāi)門(mén),以免驚擾了睡著的孩子。

She opened the door quietly_______.

Suggested Answers:

1.In order to/Tosurvive 2.totranslate a quarter ofthe book 3.somuch work to do 4.To begin with 5. to find that the train had left 6.too difficult to look after 1000 chickens 7.strong enough to stand 8.so as not to/in order not todisturb the sleepingchild

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