李金偉肖海王蓉曾紅學(xué)
局部晚期鼻咽癌TP方案誘導(dǎo)化療及同期放化療初步觀察*
李金偉①肖海②王蓉②曾紅學(xué)①
目的:觀察局部晚期鼻咽癌誘導(dǎo)化療及不同化療方案的依從性及不良反應(yīng)。方法:將60例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為A、B、C三組,A組TP誘導(dǎo)化療+同期順鉑放化療,B組順鉑同期放化療,C組TP同期放化療。放療為調(diào)強(qiáng)放療,GTVnx 68~72 Gy,GTVnd 65~70 Gy。觀察三組治療依從性及不良反應(yīng)情況。結(jié)果:三組完成化療數(shù)比例分別為80.0%、95.0%、90.0%,放療全部足量完成,依從性均好,最常見反應(yīng)為胃腸道反應(yīng)、口咽黏膜炎、骨髓抑制、皮膚損傷,三組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。但同時中重度不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率A組最高,B組最低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:局部晚期鼻咽癌誘導(dǎo)化療后同期放化療及順鉑同期放化療、TP同期放化療依從性均良好,前者同時中重度不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率較高,順鉑同期放化療最輕。
局部晚期鼻咽癌; 同期放化療; 誘導(dǎo)化療; 不良反應(yīng)
First-author's address:Ganzhou Tumor Hospital,Ganzhou 341000,China
調(diào)強(qiáng)放療在劑量學(xué)和生物效應(yīng)方面較常規(guī)放療有絕對優(yōu)勢,顯著提高局部控制率,是鼻咽癌治療首選[1-4]。INT0099試驗(yàn)確立了同期放化療作為局部晚期鼻咽癌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療[5]。誘導(dǎo)化療取得較高局部緩解率,對生存率貢獻(xiàn)結(jié)論不一,誘導(dǎo)化療及同期化療方案、與同期化療的配合模式仍存在爭議[6-10]。為此對2014年1-11月筆者醫(yī)院60例局部晚期鼻咽癌,通過行與不行誘導(dǎo)化療,及同期化療的不同方案,記錄不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率,觀察依從性,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)經(jīng)鼻咽組織病理確診的初治鼻咽癌;(2)分期Ⅲ期及Ⅳa期(2008分期);(3)無嚴(yán)重并發(fā)疾?。唬?)KPS≥70;(5)年齡≤70歲;(6)既往無放化療史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)妊娠哺乳期鼻咽癌;(2)既往或同時第二原發(fā)癌。
1.2 一般資料 選擇2014年1-11月筆者所在醫(yī)院收治的60例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為A、B、C三組,每組20例。三組患者性別、年齡、分期等一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
表1 三組患者臨床資料 例
1.3 方法 A組誘導(dǎo)化療,多西他賽75 mg/m2d1+順鉑75 mg/m2d1、22,2周期后同期放化療,順鉑100 mg/m2,d1、d22;B組同期順鉑100 mg/m2,d1、d22;C組多西他賽75 mg/m2+順鉑75 mg/m2,d1、d22同期放化療。放療采用調(diào)強(qiáng)放療,GTVnx 68~72 Gy,GTVnd 65~70 Gy,CTV1 60 Gy,CTV2 54~56 Gy,31~33次。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo) 記錄比較三組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,不良反應(yīng)采用2003美國毒副反應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(CTCAE3.0)。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 16.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 治療完成情況
2.1.1 化療 化療完成率計(jì)算:A組以完成4次化療例數(shù),B、C組以完成2次化療的例數(shù),與總例數(shù)之比。B組完成率較高,但三組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( χ2=1.680,P=0.432>0.05),見表2。
表2 三組化療完成情況比較
2.1.2 放療 所有患者均完成足量放療,三組放療劑量、放療總天數(shù)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
表3 三組放療劑量、放療總天數(shù)比較(±s)
表3 三組放療劑量、放療總天數(shù)比較(±s)
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2.2 不良反應(yīng) 最常見為胃腸道反應(yīng)、口咽黏膜炎、骨髓抑制、皮膚損傷。A、B、C三組3~4度胃腸道反應(yīng)、3~4度骨髓抑制、2~3度口腔黏膜炎、2~3度皮膚損傷比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。但同時中重度不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率A組最高,B組最低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表4。
表4 三組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較 例(%)
調(diào)強(qiáng)放療的應(yīng)用,使鼻咽癌局控率顯著提高,遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移成為失敗主要原因[11-12],因而降低遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移備受關(guān)注。各種研究與放療聯(lián)合的方式有誘導(dǎo)化療、同期化療及不同方案的組合。
北美開展的Ⅲ期臨床研究INT0099試驗(yàn)及以后臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,同期放化療成為局部晚期鼻咽癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方式。誘導(dǎo)化療有降低腫瘤負(fù)荷,提高腫瘤對射線的敏感性,并可殺滅可能潛在的微轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤細(xì)胞,降低遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,因此許多臨床試驗(yàn)探索誘導(dǎo)化療聯(lián)合同期放化療的模式[13-17],但是誘導(dǎo)化療也可能無效,可能導(dǎo)致腫瘤加速增殖,使腫瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生耐藥性,錯過放療最佳時期。單藥DDP的同步放化療作為局部晚期鼻咽癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方式,較誘導(dǎo)化療的優(yōu)勢在于根治性放療及早參與,腫瘤血管未破壞,與化療有協(xié)同作用,沒有誘導(dǎo)化療后腫瘤加速增殖的情況。雖然使患者總生存獲益,但遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移仍是治療失敗的主要原因[18]。單藥順鉑強(qiáng)度小,對預(yù)防或治療亞臨床轉(zhuǎn)移灶作用小,增加強(qiáng)度的同步化療,可能在預(yù)防遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移起一定作用,有利于迅速降低腫瘤負(fù)荷,改善局部血液循環(huán),改善細(xì)胞乏氧狀態(tài),增加放射敏感性,故有學(xué)者采用同期TP方案化療替代單藥順鉑,試圖通過增加同期化療強(qiáng)度來降低遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,提高療效[13-14]。誘導(dǎo)化療后同期化療及順鉑同期化療、TP同期化療一起研究目前尚未見報(bào)道。
李權(quán)[19]對130例局部晚期鼻咽癌誘導(dǎo)化療與IMRT同期化療研究,結(jié)果誘導(dǎo)化療聯(lián)合IMRT同期化療及IMRT同期化療兩組的急性不良反應(yīng)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。Hui等[20]開展的TP誘導(dǎo)化療+順鉑同期放化療與單藥順鉑同期放化療臨床隨機(jī)對照研究結(jié)果顯示:誘導(dǎo)化療+同期放化療組中3~4度粒細(xì)胞減少發(fā)生率較高,但兩組粒細(xì)胞減少及其他急性不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較無差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。本研究中,三組完成全部預(yù)期化療數(shù)比例分別為80.0%、95.0%、90.0%,放療全部足量按時完成,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),依從性均較好。出現(xiàn)的最常見的反應(yīng)為胃腸道反應(yīng)、口咽黏膜炎、骨髓抑制、皮膚損傷。A、B、C三組3~4度胃腸道反應(yīng)、3~4度骨髓抑制、2~3度口腔黏膜炎、2~3度皮膚損傷比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。但三組同時發(fā)生中重度不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率,A組最高,B組最低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。不良反應(yīng)經(jīng)預(yù)防性用藥和積極處理,患者一般均能耐受。
本研究中三組目前納入的病例數(shù)較少,觀察時間較短,期待大樣本、隨訪時間更長的臨床研究,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化治療計(jì)劃和改變化療方案。
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Preliminary Research of TP-based Induction Chemotherapy and Concurrent Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced NPC
L I J in-wei,XIAO Hai,WANG Rong,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(27):010-013
Objective:To observe the adherence and adverse reactions of induction chemotherapy and different concurrent chemotherapy regimens for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Method:A total of 60 patients with locally advanced NPC were randomly divided into A,B,C groups,20 cases in each group.Group A was given TP-based induction chemotherapy,followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin;Group B was given Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Group C was given TP-based concurrent radiochemotherapy.Radiotherapy was used by IMRT,GTVnx 68-72 Gy,GTVnd 65-70 Gy.The treatment compliance and incidence of adverse reactions of three groups were observed.Result:Group A,B and C completed the expected number of chemotherapy rates were 80.0%,95.0%,90.0%.Radiotherapy were completed at sufficient amount,compliance was good,the most common were gastrointestinal,oropharyngeal mucositis,myelosuppression,skin damage.In severe injuries differences were no statistical difference(P>0.05).But all adverse reactions rates were statistically different,group A was the highest,group B was the lowest,there was statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Locally advanced NPC treated by TP-based induction chemotherapy followed by cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy,cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy,TP-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy,the compliance of treatment are good.The moderate and severe adverse reactions of the former is highest,cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy is lightest.
Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Concurrent chemoradiotherapy; Induction chemotherapy; Adverse reactions
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.27.003
贛州市科技局科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目
(贛市科發(fā)【2012】36號-194)
①江西省贛州市腫瘤醫(yī)院 江西 贛州 341000
②贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院
李金偉
(2015-12-01) (本文編輯:程旭然)