耿家峰
(蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第二附屬醫(yī)院 心內(nèi)科,安徽 蚌埠,233040)
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N端腦鈉肽前體、脂蛋白(a)與冠心病患者冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的相關(guān)性
耿家峰
(蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第二附屬醫(yī)院 心內(nèi)科,安徽 蚌埠,233040)
摘要:目的探討冠心病患者冠狀動(dòng)脈病變和血清N端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]的關(guān)系。方法選取經(jīng)冠脈造影檢查的患者108例,其中非冠心病28例作為對(duì)照組,冠心病80例作為研究組。研究組根據(jù)冠脈病變支數(shù)又分為單支組(n=22)、雙支組(n=27)、三支組(n=31)。比較各組患者血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)水平,分析血清NT-proBNP,LP(a)與冠脈病變的關(guān)系。結(jié)果研究組患者血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 研究組患者隨著病變支數(shù)增多,血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)也逐漸升高,三支組顯著高于單支組(P<0.05); 血清NT-proBNP,LP(a)與Gensini評(píng)分有顯著正相關(guān)性(P<0.05)。結(jié)論冠心病患者冠脈病變與血清NT-proBNP,LP(a)有相關(guān)性。
關(guān)鍵詞:冠心病; 冠狀動(dòng)脈; 血清N端腦鈉肽前體; 脂蛋白; 關(guān)系
血清N端腦鈉肽前體已經(jīng)被證實(shí)可作為急慢性心衰鑒別、診斷及預(yù)后的依據(jù),且其水平能反映急性心肌缺血程度,而在冠心病中則認(rèn)為可能與冠脈病變有關(guān)[1-4]。脂蛋白(a)屬于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化致病因子,流行病學(xué)研究[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)其濃度升高屬于冠心病危險(xiǎn)因子,和冠脈粥樣硬化程度有關(guān)。本研究探討冠心病患者冠狀動(dòng)脈病變和血清N端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2012年1月—2015年12月本院接診的經(jīng)冠脈造影檢查的患者108例,男59例,女49例,平均年齡(67.42±5.27)歲。排除可能影響NT-proBNP與LP(a)濃度的慢性疾病(腎炎、肝炎、腎衰、肝硬化等)患者[6]。根據(jù)造影結(jié)果分為2組,其中非冠心病28例作為對(duì)照組,冠心病80例作為研究組。研究組80例根據(jù)冠脈病變支數(shù)分為單支組(n=22)、雙支組(n=27)、三支組(n=31)。
1.2方法
冠脈造影以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Judkins法處理,多體位投射,≥單支冠脈及其分支內(nèi)徑狹窄超過50%則為冠心病,根據(jù)病變分為單支病變、雙支病變及三支病變;冠脈損害程度所選血管根據(jù)其最狹窄處評(píng)分,評(píng)分法為Gensini評(píng)分法[7]。入院后24 h內(nèi)且冠脈檢查前抽取空腹12 h后的靜脈血處理,血清LP(a)測定儀器為全自動(dòng)生化分析儀(日本東芝120),而血清NT-proBNP測定方法為熒光層析法,試劑盒為廣州萬孚生物技術(shù)有限公司提供。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
觀察記錄各組患者血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)水平,并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,同時(shí)總結(jié)血清NT-proBNP,LP(a)和冠脈病變的關(guān)系。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS 18.0處理,計(jì)數(shù)資料行χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料比較行t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較行方差分析,相關(guān)性分析采取Pearson分析處理,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
對(duì)照組、單支組、雙支組及三支組在年齡、性別、血糖、血壓及血脂等一般資料上比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),見表1。研究組患者血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 研究組患者隨著病變支數(shù)增多,血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)也逐漸升高,三支組顯著高于單支組(P<0.05),但單支組與雙支組、雙支組與三支組比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),見表2。血清NT-proBNP,LP(a)與Gensini評(píng)分有顯著正相關(guān)性(r=0.581、0.409,P<0.05)。
表1 4組患者在一般資料上比較
表2 4組患者血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)比較
3討論
冠心病是老年人群好發(fā)疾病,隨著老齡化加劇,該病發(fā)生率有所升高。尋求一種與冠脈病變程度相關(guān)且可有效評(píng)估冠心病發(fā)生、發(fā)展及預(yù)后的指標(biāo),對(duì)于臨床診治有著積極的意義。血清NT-proBNP作為評(píng)估冠脈病變的典型指標(biāo),在臨床中應(yīng)用廣泛,其水平不僅受心功能影響,且心肌缺血也會(huì)造成其升高[8]。LP(a)屬于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)脈粥樣致病因子,經(jīng)肝臟合成的獨(dú)立大分子脂蛋白,在血栓形成與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化中有重要的影響。本研究可知,冠心病患者血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)水平顯著高于非冠心病患者(P<0.05),進(jìn)一步分析可知二者隨冠脈病變程度嚴(yán)重而升高,其中三支病變患者NT-proBNP與LP(a)水平也要顯著高于單支病變患者(P<0.05)。
3.1N端腦鈉肽前體與冠心病患者冠脈病變相關(guān)性
腦鈉肽(BNP)屬于神經(jīng)肽類激素,由心室肌細(xì)胞分泌,在心室擴(kuò)容與壓力負(fù)荷時(shí)分泌,若心室壁張力增加,心室肌細(xì)胞受到牽拉刺激,以激素原形態(tài)合成與裂解出BNP與NT-proBNP,然后將二者釋放到血液循環(huán),利于排鈉與排尿,對(duì)于血管有明顯的舒張作用,同時(shí)可抑制腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)等生物學(xué)作用[9-10]。臨床研究證實(shí),心室壁張力升高時(shí)NT-proBNP有明顯升高趨勢,而且升高程度和NYHA心功能分級(jí)相一致,以此可將其作為診斷心衰及判斷其預(yù)后的指標(biāo)。研究[11]顯示缺血也是NT-proBNP釋放的主要刺激因子,而且其水平很大程度上與冠心病預(yù)后獨(dú)立相關(guān)。研究[12]顯示NT-proBNP的分泌增加和心肌缺血有必然聯(lián)系,UAP患者急性缺血癥狀會(huì)導(dǎo)致短暫左室功能不全與充盈壓升高,進(jìn)而引發(fā)NT-proBNP合成與分泌,同時(shí)心肌缺血嚴(yán)重程度和合成及分泌正相關(guān)。SAP患者因斑塊穩(wěn)定,唯有情緒激動(dòng)等誘因下,才會(huì)導(dǎo)致心肌耗氧增加,發(fā)生心肌缺血后導(dǎo)致受牽拉心肌合成與分泌BNP增加。AMI患者不僅有壞死病灶心肌缺血導(dǎo)致NT-proBNP升高,同時(shí)心臟受損后也會(huì)使得NT-proBNP分泌增多。冠心病患者冠脈病變與心肌病變密切相關(guān)。本研究中顯示冠脈病變?cè)絿?yán)重,NT-proBNP升高越明顯,可見NT-proBNP可作為監(jiān)測冠心病患者冠脈病變程度及預(yù)后的指標(biāo)。相關(guān)性分析還顯示,冠脈病變支數(shù)與Gensini評(píng)分呈正相關(guān),這也反映了冠脈病變支數(shù)越多,則NT-proBNP水平越高。
3.2脂蛋白(a)與冠心病患者冠脈病變相關(guān)性
LP(a)作為一種富含膽固醇的脂蛋白,因其由LDL部分和載脂蛋白(a)以二硫鍵結(jié)合生成,為此其結(jié)構(gòu)與LDL-C相似,有著促動(dòng)脈血栓形成與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化作用,且能經(jīng)多種機(jī)制發(fā)揮這類作用。該脂蛋白經(jīng)血管壁氧化修飾后會(huì)被巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬,然后形成泡沫細(xì)胞,便于動(dòng)脈硬化過程進(jìn)行[13]。研究[14]顯示LP(a)還和促炎性反應(yīng)的氧化磷脂及脂蛋白有關(guān)的磷脂酶A2結(jié)合,生成溶血卵磷脂與氧化游離脂肪酸(均有促炎作用)。此外,LP(a)還可競爭性地抑制與其結(jié)構(gòu)上有高度同源性的纖溶酶原,從而導(dǎo)致機(jī)體的凝血與纖溶系統(tǒng)失衡,加速動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化與血栓形成。本研究中,通過對(duì)冠心病患者冠脈病變程度與LP(a)間的關(guān)系分析可知,在冠心病患者中LP(a)水平要明顯高于非冠心病患者,同時(shí)冠心病患者自身隨著冠脈病變支數(shù)增多,LP(a)水平也隨之升高,可見LP(a)與冠脈病變程度有正相關(guān)。
3.3測定N端腦鈉肽前體與脂蛋白(a)的意義
重視血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)測定,對(duì)于臨床診斷冠心病及其冠脈病變程度有著積極的意義,同時(shí)可作為進(jìn)一步評(píng)估預(yù)后的參考指標(biāo)。當(dāng)然,二者在一定程度上也可反映冠脈粥樣硬化嚴(yán)重程度,二者水平越高則顯示臨床癥狀越嚴(yán)重;若為急性發(fā)病,早期血清NT-proBNP便會(huì)升高,能作為急性發(fā)病的診斷指標(biāo);血清NT-proBNP,LP(a)和冠脈病變支數(shù)呈正相關(guān),若檢出二者水平明顯較高,則可揭示冠脈病變支數(shù)較多,病情更重;血清NT-proBNP,LP(a)與Gensini評(píng)分正相關(guān),能作為冠脈狹窄與病變部位的評(píng)估指標(biāo);血清NT-proBNP與LP(a)水平能作為急性期獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,進(jìn)行心血管事件發(fā)生的預(yù)測指標(biāo)[15]。然而,在實(shí)際操作中,因二者受到多類因素影響,為此無法作為診斷冠心病的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在臨床診治時(shí),還需結(jié)合臨床診斷經(jīng)驗(yàn)、病變?cè)缙诎Y狀與體征等進(jìn)行綜合診斷。
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收稿日期:2016-03-19
中圖分類號(hào):R 541.4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1672-2353(2016)15-014-03
DOI:10.7619/jcmp.201615004
Correlation between N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide,lipoprotein (a) and coronary artery disease in patients with coronary heart disease
GENG Jiafeng
(Department of Cardiology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University,Bengbu,Anhui,233040)
ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP),lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] and coronary artery disease in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsA total of 108 CHD patients with coronary angiography were selected and divided into two groups.Twenty-eight patients with non-coronary heart disease were designed as control group,and 80 patients with coronary heart disease were designed as study group.Patients in the study group were divided into single count group (n=22),double counts group (n=27) and three counts group (n=31).Serum NT-proBNP and LP (a) were compared among all the groups,and the relationship between serum NT-proBNP,LP (a) and coronary artery disease were analyzed.ResultsIn the study group,the serum NT-proBNP and LP (a) levels were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).In the study group,with the increasing of lesion count,the serum NT-proBNP and LP (a) levels increased gradually,and the levels of indexes in the three counts group were significantly higher than the single count group (P<0.05).Serum NT-proBNP and LP (a) levels were positively correlated with Gensini score (P<0.05).ConclusionThere are correlations between serum NT-proBNP,LP (a) and coronary artery disease in patients with CHD.
KEYWORDS:coronary heart disease; coronary artery; serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide; lipoproteins; correlation