夏偉委 薛蘊(yùn)菁 劉元芬 江少凡 段青
[摘要] 目的 探討自適應(yīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)迭代重建算法在頸動(dòng)脈CTA的可行性,比較權(quán)重50% ASIR重建算法相對(duì)于常規(guī)濾波反投影重建算法對(duì)圖像質(zhì)量的影響。 方法 隨機(jī)選取64例受檢者在能譜CT上行頸動(dòng)脈CTA檢查。采用管電壓120kVp,管電流480mA,320mgI/mL碘佛醇5mL/s團(tuán)注。將所得原始數(shù)據(jù)傳輸至GE AW4.5工作站,行影像重建分析。每組原始數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用兩類重建方法重建,分別獲得對(duì)應(yīng)兩組數(shù)據(jù),A組采用常規(guī)FBP重建算法對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)重建分析;B組運(yùn)用權(quán)重50% ASIR重建算法對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行影像重建分析。分別記錄兩組影像頸部血管各分支CT值,噪聲值及背景CT值,計(jì)算和比較圖像對(duì)比噪聲比(CNR),信噪比(SNR),行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果 B組血管噪聲值(11.5±2.38)低于A組(16.70±2.98)(P<0.01);B組CNR(61.14±22.38)高于A組(38.19±11.57)(P<0.01);B組SNR(48.16±18.26)也高于A組(30.03±9.49)(P<0.01)。兩組血管CT值和背景CT值均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 頸動(dòng)脈CTA結(jié)合權(quán)重50% ASIR重建算法不僅可以很好保證影像質(zhì)量,還能有效降低影像噪聲,提高影像信噪比和對(duì)比噪聲比。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 體層攝影術(shù);X線計(jì)算機(jī);頸動(dòng)脈CTA;自適應(yīng)性統(tǒng)計(jì)迭代重建;信噪比
[中圖分類號(hào)] R816.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2016)09-151-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore and discuss the feasibility of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm in the carotid artery CTA.To compare the image quality effectS between weight 50% ASIR reconstruction algorithm and conventional filter back projection reconstruction algorithm. Methods 64 patients were randomly selected for carotid artery CTA examination in the CT spectrum,which utilized 120kVp tube voltage,480mA tube current and 320mgI/mL ioversol in 5mL/s bolus injection.The original data were transferred to the GE AW4.5 workstation for image reconstruction analysis. The original data of each group utilized two reconstruction algorithms to obtain two sets of data correspondingly.The group A adopted routine FBP reconstruction algorithm for reconstruction analysis of the original data,while the group B utilized weight 50% ASIR reconstruction algorithm for image reconstruction analysis of the original data.The CT value of image neck vessels branches,noise value and background CT value of the two groups were recorded respectively,the image contrast noise ratio (CNR) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) were calculated and compared,which had statistical analysis. Results The vascular noise value of the group B was (11.5±2.38),which was lower than the (16.70±2.98) of the group A (P<0.01).The CNR of the group B was (61.14±22.38),which was higher than the (38.19±11.57) of the group A (P<0.01).The SNR of the group B was (48.16±18.26),which was also higher than the (30.03±9.49) of the group A (P<0.01).There were no statistical differences between two groups vascular CT value and background CT value. Conclusion The carotid artery CTA combined weight 50% ASIR reconstruction algorithm could not only ensure the image quality,but also effectively reduce the image noise and improve the image signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio.
[Key words] Tomography;X-ray computer;Carotid artery CTA;Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction;Signal-to-noise ratio
隨著物質(zhì)水平的提高和精神壓力的增加,心腦血管疾病已成為常見(jiàn)病,多發(fā)病,越來(lái)越為人類所關(guān)注[1-2]。CT技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展,頸動(dòng)脈CTA也以其強(qiáng)大優(yōu)勢(shì)獲得廣泛認(rèn)可。為獲得較好影像質(zhì)量,頸動(dòng)脈CTA往往需要較大的輻射劑量[3]。因此,在降低輻射劑量的同時(shí),如何保證圖像質(zhì)量,這是放射醫(yī)學(xué)工作者一直關(guān)注的問(wèn)題[4-5]。常規(guī)降低輻射劑量的方法有降低管電流,管電壓,這些處理方式往往伴隨影像噪聲的提高。較少有運(yùn)用影像重建技術(shù)降低輻射劑量的報(bào)道。隨著能譜CT的應(yīng)用和普及,自適應(yīng)性統(tǒng)計(jì)迭代重建算法(adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction,ASiR)逐漸被人們認(rèn)識(shí)。通過(guò)同組原始數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用兩種不同影像學(xué)方法重建分析,進(jìn)而探討權(quán)重50%ASIR重建相對(duì)于常規(guī)FBP重建算法的優(yōu)勢(shì)是此次研究的目的。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年6月~2015年6月期間,在美國(guó)GE能譜CT(GE Discovery CT 750 HD)上行頸動(dòng)脈CTA檢查的受檢者共64例。其中,男36例,女28例。所得原始數(shù)據(jù)分別采用兩種不同重建方法進(jìn)行重建分析:A組采用常規(guī)FBP重建算法對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)重建分析;B組采用權(quán)重50%ASIR重建算法對(duì)同一原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行影像重建分析。
1.2 儀器與方法
采用能譜CT(GE Discovery CT 750 HD),常規(guī)檢查前準(zhǔn)備,所有受檢者均被告知相關(guān)檢查風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并簽署知情同意書(shū)?;颊呷⊙雠P位,頭稍后仰,下頜支與床臺(tái)面垂直,兩外耳孔與臺(tái)面等距,矢狀面與臺(tái)面垂直。雙手平行放置于身體兩側(cè),固定患者頭部并告知其制動(dòng)重要性。掃描范圍自主動(dòng)脈弓下水平至顱內(nèi)海綿竇水平。掃描參數(shù);管電壓120kVp,管電流480mA,旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間0.5S,螺距1.375:1,重建層厚及間隔0.625mm,采用Medrad雙筒高壓注射器,320mgI/mL碘伏醇(江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,15122346),生理鹽水,對(duì)比劑團(tuán)注流速5mL/s。
1.3 數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量及分析
所得數(shù)據(jù)傳輸至AW4.5工作站,分別測(cè)量?jī)山M影像頭臂干動(dòng)脈,左頸總動(dòng)脈,左鎖骨下動(dòng)脈,頸動(dòng)脈近、中、遠(yuǎn)段及下頜部脂肪的CT值及噪聲值,每組測(cè)量3次,取均值。記錄每組背景CT值,背景噪聲值,SNR,CNR。由2位高年資的醫(yī)師對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行雙盲法評(píng)分。采用5分法進(jìn)行評(píng)分:5分,圖像顯示清晰,噪聲小,能很好滿足影像診斷要求;4分,圖像顯示較清楚,噪聲尚可。完全滿足影像診斷要求;3分,圖像顯示欠佳,噪聲較大,可以滿足影像診斷要求;2分,圖像顯示不清,噪聲大,不能滿足影像診斷要求;1分,圖像顯示不清,有較大偽影,噪聲大,完全無(wú)法達(dá)到影像診斷要求。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件分析處理,采用t檢驗(yàn);采用Mann-Whitney U非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn);以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般資料
64例患者,其中男36例,占56.25%,女28例,平均(55.4±10.9)歲。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 影像質(zhì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果
采用權(quán)重50%ASIR重建算法的B組血管噪聲值低于常規(guī)FBP重建的A組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;在SNR、CNR上,B組均高于A組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。兩組影像主觀評(píng)分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
圖1A~2D為同一受檢者,女性,63歲,管電壓120 kV,管電流480 mA。兩組對(duì)應(yīng)圖像測(cè)量部位及測(cè)量范圍采用統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
3 討論
隨著醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展,頸動(dòng)脈CTA在臨床診療中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。隨著人們對(duì)射線防護(hù)意識(shí)的逐步提高,頸動(dòng)脈CTA所伴隨的醫(yī)療各血管CT值和噪聲值依次為:1a圖頭臂干動(dòng)脈(405.14;17.06),左頸總動(dòng)脈(432.51;20.6)左鎖骨下動(dòng)脈(414.61;19.41)。1b圖右頸總動(dòng)脈中段(527.41;4.57),左頸總動(dòng)脈中段(530.82,;5.99),脂肪(-125.98;5.49)。1c圖右側(cè)頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈中段(471.18;6.72),左側(cè)頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈中段(468.69;6.47)脂肪(-95.27;7.01)各血管CT值和噪聲值依次為:2a圖頭臂干動(dòng)脈(405.45;22.69),左頸總動(dòng)脈(430.55;28.06)左鎖骨下動(dòng)脈(414.27;27.76)。2b圖右頸總動(dòng)脈中段(527.00;7.65),左頸總動(dòng)脈中段(530.93,;8.53),脂肪(-125.95;7.72)。2c圖右側(cè)頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈中段(473.41;9.26),左側(cè)頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈中段(469.11;10.78)脂肪(-98.20;11.04)輻射危害也越來(lái)越多大眾所關(guān)注。有報(bào)道認(rèn)為,頭頸部CTA輻射劑量大,有較高致癌性[6]。國(guó)際輻射防護(hù)委員會(huì)提出的ALARA(as low as reasonably achievable)原則的提出,要求醫(yī)療工作者盡可能運(yùn)用較少的輻射量獲得較好的圖像質(zhì)量。我國(guó)也于2002年提出了電離輻射防護(hù)及輻射源安全基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB18871-2002新基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并同步提出放射診斷與核醫(yī)學(xué)診斷醫(yī)療照射的最優(yōu)化原則[7]。常規(guī)減少輻射劑量的方法有多種,常見(jiàn)的有優(yōu)化光電匹配性,提高X線利用效率等。在已有的眾多報(bào)道中,多是針對(duì)此類方向進(jìn)行的研究,從影像學(xué)重建角度進(jìn)行的研究則報(bào)道較少。
FBP是目前CT血管重建中最常用到的方法。他是以一個(gè)點(diǎn)來(lái)設(shè)定射線源,進(jìn)而優(yōu)化采集所有的數(shù)據(jù),用于重建所需圖像。他的缺點(diǎn)是未考慮到探測(cè)器外形與射線源的外形以及數(shù)據(jù)與量子噪聲等所產(chǎn)生的影響。ASIR是建立在被掃描物體模型和噪聲性質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用迭代重建技術(shù)對(duì)噪聲加以優(yōu)化,能較好處理常規(guī)FBP重建算法因?yàn)榻档洼椛鋭┝慷鸬膱D像噪聲提高[8],從而獲得更為清晰的圖像,在臨床中具有很好的應(yīng)用普及價(jià)值[9-10]。ASIR的權(quán)重范圍在10%~100%。有報(bào)道顯示,在ASIR重建算法中,權(quán)重大小與降低噪聲效果成正比,與圖像對(duì)比度成反比[11],Morgan DE[12]認(rèn)為ASIR權(quán)重40%~60%具有較好影像重建效果。薛蘊(yùn)菁等[13]等認(rèn)為,權(quán)重50%ASIR能獲得良好影像對(duì)比度,并且能有效降低背景噪聲。有研究認(rèn)為ASIR重建算法相對(duì)于常規(guī)FBP重建算法更能改善圖像對(duì)比度及降低圖像噪聲[14-15]。甚至有文章認(rèn)為,ASIR重建技術(shù)在能譜CT低劑量檢查具有重大作用[16]。
本研究通過(guò)同組頸動(dòng)脈CTA原始數(shù)據(jù)分別運(yùn)用權(quán)重50% ASIR重建及常規(guī)FBP重建,通過(guò)對(duì)比兩組血管噪聲值、SNR、CNR及主觀圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)分,全面分析兩者影像學(xué)重建算法的優(yōu)劣。由于本研究只選取了64組原始頸動(dòng)脈數(shù)據(jù),只運(yùn)用兩種影像學(xué)重建算法重建分析,還有較大研究空間。因此,這也是我們今后進(jìn)一步研究的方向。
綜上,頸動(dòng)脈CTA結(jié)合權(quán)重50% ASIR重建算法較傳統(tǒng)FBP重建算法,不僅可以很好保證影像質(zhì)量,還可有效降低影像噪聲,提高影像信噪比及對(duì)比噪聲比。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Anderson GB,Ashforth R,Steinke DE,et al.CT angiography for the detection of cerebral vasospasm in patients with acute sub-arachmoid hemorrhage[J].Am J Neuroradiol,2000,21(6):1011-1015.
[2] Ayad ZA,F(xiàn)uster V,Nikolaou K,et al.Computed tomograghy and magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive coronary angiography and plaque imaging[J].Circulation,2002,106(5):2026-2027.
[3] Xia W,Wu JT,Yin XR,et al.CT angiography of the neck:value of contrast medium dose reduction with low tube voltage and high tube current in a 64-detector row CT[J].Clin Radiol,2014,69(4):183-189.
[4] Kalra MK,Maher MM,Toth TL,et al.Strategies for CT radiation dose optimization[J].Radiology,2004,230(3):619-628.
[5] Siegel MJ,Ramirez Giraldo JC,Hildebolt C,et a1. Automated loⅥ kjlovoltage selectjon in pediatrjc computed tomography an-giogmphy:phantom study evaluating effects on radiation dose and image quality[J].Invest Radiol,2013,48(8):584-589.
[6] Oh JS,Koea JB.Radiation risks associated with serial imaging in colorectal cancer patients:should we worry?[J].World J Gastroenterol,2014,20(1):100-109.
[7] Donald P,F(xiàn)rush MD,Lane F,et al.Computed Tomography and Radiation Risks:What Pediatric Health Care Providers Should Know[J].Pediatrics,2003,112(4):951-957.
[8] Hara AK,Paden RG,Silva AC,et a1.Herative reconstruction technique for reducing body radiation dose at CT:feasibility study[J].Am J Roentgen,2009,193(4):764-771.
[9] Prakash P,Kalra MK,Kambadakone AK,et a1.Reducing abdominal CT radiation dose with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction technique[J].Invest Radiol,2010,45(4):202-210.
[10] Oda S,UtsunomiyaD,F(xiàn)unamaY,et al.A knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction algorithm:can super-low-dose cardiac CT be applicable in clinical settings?[J].Acad Radiol,2014,21(1):104-110.
[11] Flicek KT,Hara AK,Ailva AC,et al.Reducing the radiation dose for CT colongraphy using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction: A pilot study[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol,2010,195(1):126-131.
[12] Morgan DE.Dual-energy CT of the abdomen[J].Abdom Imaging,2014,39(1):108-134.
[13] 薛蘊(yùn)菁,劉元芬,夏偉委,等.能譜CT結(jié)合低劑量碘對(duì)比劑個(gè)體化方案成像在頸動(dòng)脈CT血管成像中的價(jià)值[J].中華放射學(xué)雜志,2015,49(10):774-777.
[14] Matsudal,Hanaoka S,Akahane M,et al.Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction for volume-rendered computed tomography portovenography:improvement of image quality[J].Jpnj Radiol,2010,28(9):700-706.
[15] Machida H,F(xiàn)ukui R,Tanaka I,et al.A method for selecting a protocol for routine body CT scan using Gemstone Spectral Imaging with or without adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction:phantom experiments[J].Jpn J Radiol,2014,32(4):217-223.
[16] Rapalino O,Kamalian S,Payabvash S,et al.Cranial CT with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction:improved image quality with concomitant radiation dose reduction[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2011,33(4):609-615.
(收稿日期:2016-02-23)