蔡麗敏
《高中英語教學(xué)大綱》中明確指出“寫作是書面表達和傳遞信息的交際能力,培養(yǎng)初步寫作能力是英語教學(xué)的目的之一?!睍姹磉_是高考英語試題中分值較大, 但考生往往得分卻較低的一項, 提到英語寫作,教師頭痛, 學(xué)生畏懼。因此,如何在高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí)中,每兩周寫作一練的課堂中幫助學(xué)生提高書面表達能力是每一個高三英語教師所關(guān)注和研究的問題。筆者以一堂“Practical writing”中,從談?wù)摕狳c話題“Haze Weather”展開,最后完成書面表達為例,來淺析高中書面表達的訓(xùn)練課的設(shè)計。
一、課程類型:高三復(fù)習(xí)課(第一輪)
二、教學(xué)目標:具體包括認知目標、情感目標以及智力目標。
(一)認知目標
1、句型和語言點
2.用所學(xué)知識與伙伴進行交流、溝通,學(xué)會改錯與寫作。
(二)情感目標
教師利用多媒體教學(xué)手段營造積極和諧的課堂氛圍,使學(xué)生自然而然地進入情景教學(xué)之中,充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的思維活動和情感體驗,引起學(xué)生的共鳴。
(三)智力目標
在運用語言的過程中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察力,分析力,想象力和自學(xué)能力,幫助學(xué)生加強記憶力,提高思維能力和運用英語的綜合能力。
三、教材分析
這是高三首輪復(fù)習(xí)階段的一節(jié)寫作課,這節(jié)書面表達課就從學(xué)生對話題“Haze Weather”開展自由表達、討論開始,進而完成教學(xué)目的。側(cè)重于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在動手寫作前迅速構(gòu)思、發(fā)散思維、各抒己見、開拓想象,使學(xué)生能夠兼顧與寫作緊密聯(lián)系的聽、說、讀、寫、改錯。
四、教學(xué)重點:
1、學(xué)會審題和謀篇;2、掌握多樣化的表達方式;3、熟練個段中的固定寫作套路;4、幫助學(xué)生運用寫作策略,促進自主寫作。
五、具體教學(xué)設(shè)計
(一)Step 1:Warming up and presentation
從一段關(guān)于“霧霾”的微視頻導(dǎo)入,吸引學(xué)生的關(guān)注,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察力和思維。具體實例如下:
T :“what can you see from the video ?”
S: “Haze”.
T: What can Haze cause? ( all students begin to talk about Haze Weather freely one by one according to the words given by the teacher :
(1) cant see clearly, drive slowly,
(2)flights , put off /cancel, cause , inconvenience
(3) have bad effect on ,physical health ,do harm to, harmful
S1: We cant see clearly, which contributes to many accidents.
S2: We should drive slowly , otherwise traffic jams would happen.
(T: The furthest distance in the world is that you stand in front of me, but I can not see you.)
S3:Haze can cause flights to be put off / cancelled ,which can bring passengers inconvenience.
S4: Haze has bad effect on physical health.
通過看微視頻中的畫面能激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣和好奇心,學(xué)生很快就能夠很自然地了解到這節(jié)課要談?wù)摰闹黝}——霧霾及霧霾的危害,教師出示若干詞匯和短語讓學(xué)生更能自信自如地用上優(yōu)美地道的句子,甚至能用定語從句,狀語從句等高級句子完成寫作。
(二)Step 2 :Discussion
教師出示若干討論話題,創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,激發(fā)學(xué)生小組討論要點,學(xué)生主動參與和整體參與書擬提綱、表達見解、啟發(fā)思維以達到運用語用能力。具體實例如下:
Q1: What can we do when haze takes place to avoid being harmed?
1. Dont do exercise in the open.
2. Stay indoors and keep the air clean rather than go outdoors.
3. Wear a mask when going out.
(T:I am looking forward to seeing sky dotted with shining stars every night.)
Q2: Whats your suggestion to be friendly to our environment?
1. We must be aware that its everyones duty to protect the environment.
2.Wed better ride bikes or walk instead of driving a car.
3.We should save electricity and plant more trees.
(三)Step 3: Presentation
通過上述操作后,學(xué)生基本弄懂謀篇句子和模式了:1、霧霾的危害;2、霧霾時我們該怎么做來保護自己;3、如何來愛護我們的環(huán)境。此時,教師呈現(xiàn)書面表達材料方為最佳時間段,學(xué)生只需使用學(xué)過的銜接詞或句子就可以信心滿滿地就書面材料進行有針對性的寫作語篇嘗試練習(xí)了,準備5分鐘后讓部分學(xué)生上臺口頭敘述即可。
實例:假如你是北京某中學(xué)學(xué)生李華。你的網(wǎng)友Jack將在下個月來北京參加一個冬令營活動。他從電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等媒體上得知,北京霧霾很嚴重。所以他給你發(fā)來電子郵件詢問相關(guān)情況,并咨詢他到北京后,該怎么做。
范文:
As you can learn from the Internet, the haze has occurred a lot of times in cities in northern China so far this year. It is obvious that haze would bring us all kinds of harm. Firstly, we cant see clearly in haze weather, which contributes to many accidents. Secondly, quite a lot of flights have to be put off or canceled due to the haze weather, causing great inconvenience. What‘s worse, it has negative influences on our health.
Therefore, when you arrive in Beijing, theres something that you should remember. First of all, a good-quality mask is necessary while going out. Washing faces and hands after each outing is also important to protect yourself. Outdoor activities should be reduced to avoid breathing in harmful dust.
In order to protect our environment, we should go out on foot, by bike or by bus as much as possible instead of driving cars. Second, factories should produce less pollution. Third, we should plant more trees. Besides, we should not use paper cups or plates. I wish people can enjoy the sky and fresh air every day.
總結(jié):英語寫作是一項實踐性很強的活動,而提高英語寫作水平是一個漫長而又艱苦的過程,但基于英語寫作在高考英語測試中的重要地位,如何提高英語寫作能力,是擺在廣大考生與英語教師面前的共同難題。對于英語教師而言,需利用現(xiàn)有的教學(xué)資源,不斷創(chuàng)新英語教學(xué)方式、方法,開拓提升教學(xué)質(zhì)量的途徑,同時,應(yīng)鼓勵學(xué)生敢于開口、敢于動筆,讓學(xué)生真真切切感受到學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的快樂,自覺的、發(fā)自內(nèi)心的喜歡上一門外語,這樣才能從根本上起到促進學(xué)習(xí)、不斷提升的目的。
【參考文獻】
[1]《高中英語教學(xué)大綱》;
[2]王曾選:《中學(xué)英語教學(xué)法》,河南大學(xué)出版社,1987;