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四元體系Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O 373 K相平衡

2016-07-04 03:43崔瑞芝桑世華成都理工大學(xué)材料與化學(xué)化工學(xué)院四川成都60059礦產(chǎn)資源化學(xué)四川省高校重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室四川成都60059
化工學(xué)報(bào) 2016年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:飽和點(diǎn)相平衡鹵水

崔瑞芝,桑世華(成都理工大學(xué)材料與化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,四川 成都60059;礦產(chǎn)資源化學(xué)四川省高校重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川 成都60059)

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四元體系Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O 373 K相平衡

崔瑞芝1,2,桑世華1,2
(1成都理工大學(xué)材料與化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,四川 成都610059;2礦產(chǎn)資源化學(xué)四川省高校重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川 成都610059)

摘要:采用等溫溶解平衡法研究了四元體系Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O在373 K條件下的相平衡關(guān)系,測(cè)定了平衡溶液的溶解度和密度,并根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)繪制相應(yīng)的相圖、水圖和密度圖。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):交互四元體系Na+,K+//Br?,SO42--H2O在373 K溫度下,有復(fù)鹽鉀芒硝Na2SO4·3K2SO4生成,相圖由3個(gè)共飽和點(diǎn)、7條單變量曲線和5個(gè)結(jié)晶區(qū)組成。其中,5個(gè)結(jié)晶區(qū)分別對(duì)應(yīng)單鹽:K2SO4,KBr,NaBr,Na2SO4和復(fù)鹽Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla)。關(guān)鍵詞:地下鹵水;相平衡;溶解性;溶液;鉀鹽;溴鹽

2015-07-22收到初稿,2015-10-19收到修改稿。

聯(lián)系人:桑世華。第一作者:崔瑞芝(1988—),女,博士研究生。

Received date: 2015-07-22.

Foundation item: supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41373062),the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20125122110015) and the Scientific Research and Innovation Team in Universities of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(15TD0009).

引 言

四川盆地地下鹵水分布廣泛,資源豐富,除NaCl,鹵水還含有K+、Br-、I-、B3+、Li+、Sr2+等多種有用組分[1],是世界上罕見(jiàn)和國(guó)家短缺的液態(tài)礦產(chǎn)資源,加強(qiáng)該鹵水開(kāi)發(fā)和回收利用研究的力度,必將產(chǎn)生重大的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

對(duì)于含溴相平衡體系的研究,唐宗薰等[2]針對(duì)鹽鹵資源鋰鉀鹵化物研究了常溫298 K條件下三元體系NH4Br-LiBr-H2O和LiI-LiBr-H2O相平衡關(guān)系,王靜康等[3-4]為了開(kāi)發(fā)老撾鉀鹽礦中的溴資源而進(jìn)行了298 K、313 K和333 K條件下三元體系NaCl-NaBr-H2O和KCl-KBr-H2O相平衡研究。針對(duì)川西盆地的地下鹵水,本課題組在前期工作中已經(jīng)完成了298 K、323 K、348 K和373 K條件下三元體系KBr-K2B4O7-H2O的相平衡研究[5-8],323 K、348 K和373 K條件下四元體系KCl-KBr-K2SO4-H2O的相平衡研究[9-11],323 K條件下四元體系NaCl-NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O、KCl-KBr-K2B4O7-H2O和Na2B4O7-Na2SO4-NaBr-H2O的相平衡研究[12–14],以及323 K和348 K條件下五元體系KCl-KBr-K2SO4-K2B4O7-H2O的相平衡研究[15]。

四川盆地西部的地下氣田鹵水組成可簡(jiǎn)化為復(fù)雜多組分六元體系K+,Na+//Cl-,Br-,SO42-,B4O72--H2O,要完成該六元體系的相平衡研究,應(yīng)首先進(jìn)行其子體系的研究,本文報(bào)道的四元體系Na+,K+//Br?,SO42--H2O即為上述六元復(fù)雜體系的一個(gè)子體系。由于該鹵水儲(chǔ)層水溫113.81℃[16],鹵水層溫度分布隨著地層深度變化而變化,因此,開(kāi)展該鹵水體系從常溫到高溫的多溫相平衡與相圖研究對(duì)于揭示該鹵水的溶解規(guī)律和變化更有實(shí)際意義,本課題組已開(kāi)展了該體系323 K 相平衡研究和理論計(jì)算[17-18],本文選擇了100℃即373 K作為研究的溫度條件。373 K條件下該四元體系的三元子體系Na2SO4-K2SO4-H2O[19]、NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O、NaBr-KBr-H2O[20]、KBr-K2SO4-H2O[21]均已見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,在前期研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,本文詳細(xì)研究了四元體系Na+,K+//Br?,SO42--H2O在373 K條件下的相平衡關(guān)系,并繪制出該體系的相圖,對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)鹵水資源、揭示鹵水地球化學(xué)平衡過(guò)程具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。

1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料和方法

1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑和儀器

實(shí)驗(yàn)所用試劑為分析試劑,分別為:KCl、KBr、K2SO4、NaCl、NaBr和Na2SO4,實(shí)驗(yàn)所用的水為去離子水,其電導(dǎo)率小于1.5×10-4S·m-1。

AL104型電子天平(Mettler-Toledo公司,精度值0.0001 g); SHA-GW數(shù)顯恒溫油浴振蕩器(金壇市國(guó)旺實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器廠,使用精密溫度計(jì)二次標(biāo)定,±0.1 K)。

1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

本體系的研究采用等溫溶解平衡法,即從373 K次級(jí)三元體系共飽點(diǎn)開(kāi)始逐漸加入第三種鹽配制料液,并將所配料液放入密封性良好的磨口玻璃瓶中,再將玻璃瓶置于恒溫油浴(373 K ± 0.1 K)中振蕩,靜置。以液相化學(xué)組成不變作為達(dá)到平衡的標(biāo)志,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明達(dá)到平衡的時(shí)間為5 d,靜置3 d,平衡后取液相及濕渣樣進(jìn)行分析。用X射線粉晶衍射確定平衡固相,平衡液相的密度采用密度瓶法測(cè)定;平衡液相的組成采用化學(xué)分析法確定。

1.3分析方法

Br-含量:硝酸銀容量法 (±0.5%);SO42-含量:茜素紅-S法 (±0.5%);K+含量:四苯硼鈉-季胺鹽返滴定法 (±0.5%);Na+含量:離子平衡差減法[22]。

2 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與討論

由表1及圖1可知,該四元體系有復(fù)鹽Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla)生成,無(wú)固溶體生成,其等溫溶解度圖存在3個(gè)共飽和點(diǎn),分別為點(diǎn)F、點(diǎn)G和點(diǎn)H,其中,共飽和點(diǎn)F對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla) + K2SO4+ KBr,平衡液相組成為w(K+) = 0.1435,w(Na+) = 0.0145,w(SO42-) = 0.0028,w(Br-) = 0.3387;共飽和點(diǎn)G對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla) + NaBr + KBr,平衡液相組成為w(K+)=0.0634,w(Na+)= 0.0837,w(SO42-) = 0.0039,w(Br-) = 0.4138;共飽和點(diǎn)H對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla) + NaBr + Na2SO4,平衡液相組成為w(K+) = 0.1025,w(Na+) = 0.0336,w(SO42-) = 0.0025,w(Br-) = 0.4209;7條單變量曲線,分別為AF、BH、CF、FG、GH、EH和DG,其中,曲線AF對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為K2SO4+ Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),曲線BH對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為Na2SO4+ Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),曲線CF對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為K2SO4+ KBr,曲線FG對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為KBr + Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),曲線GH對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為NaBr + Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),曲線EH對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為NaBr + Na2SO4,曲線DG對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為NaBr + KBr;5個(gè)相區(qū),分別為K2SO4、Na2SO4、NaBr、KBr和Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),其中,Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla)的結(jié)晶區(qū)域最大,對(duì)應(yīng)于Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla)的溶解度最小,NaBr的結(jié)晶區(qū)域最小,對(duì)應(yīng)于NaBr的溶解度最大。說(shuō)明溴化物較硫酸鹽易溶,且溴化物對(duì)硫酸鹽有強(qiáng)烈的鹽析作用。

表1 四元體系Na+,K+//Br-,SO42-–H2O 373 K下平衡液相中各組分的溶解度和液相密度Table 1 Solubilities and densities of solution in quaternary system Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O at 373 K

圖1 四元體系Na+,K+// Br-,SO24--H2O在373 K下的干鹽圖及局部放大圖Fig.1 Dry-salt solubility diagram and its enlarged bottom of quaternary system Na+,K+// Br-,SO24--H2O at 373 K

圖2 四元體系Na+,K+//Br-,SO24--H2O在373 K下的水含量Fig.2 Water contents of saturated solutions in quaternary system Na+,K+//Br-,SO24--H2O at 373 K

圖3 四元體系Na+,K+//Br-,SO24--H2O在373 K下的密度變化趨勢(shì)Fig.3 Density-composition relations of solutions in quaternary system Na+,K+//Br-,SO24--H2O at 373 K

由圖2和圖3可知,在點(diǎn)D處,體系中溴離子飽和,無(wú)硫酸鹽存在,體系的溶解性強(qiáng),總離子濃度最大,其水值最小,密度最大,達(dá)到1.6664 g·cm-3;在點(diǎn)A處,體系中無(wú)溴化物存在,體系的溶解性弱,總離子濃度最小,其水值最大,密度值最小,為1.1825 g·cm-3。

四元體系Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O 323 K條件下的相平衡實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和計(jì)算已見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[19-20],對(duì)照323 K和348 K這兩個(gè)不同溫度下的相圖,二者相圖的形狀相似,均含有3個(gè)共飽和點(diǎn),7條單變量曲線和5個(gè)結(jié)晶區(qū)。此外,兩個(gè)溫度條件下單變量曲線GH所對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相不同,點(diǎn)G和點(diǎn)H所對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相也有所不同,323 K條件下曲線GH對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為KBr + Na2SO4,373 K條件下曲線GH對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為NaBr + Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla);323 K條件下共飽和點(diǎn)G對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為KBr + Na2SO4+ Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),共飽和點(diǎn)H對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為KBr + NaBr·2H2O + Na2SO4,373 K條件下共飽和點(diǎn)G對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla)+ NaBr + KBr,共飽和點(diǎn)H對(duì)應(yīng)的平衡固相為Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla) + NaBr + Na2SO4。此外,由于324 K時(shí),溶液中析出無(wú)水溴化鈉結(jié)晶,低于324 K則生成二水物,因此,323 K條件下溴化鈉帶2個(gè)結(jié)晶水,為NaBr·2H2O,373 K條件下溴化鈉的結(jié)晶水消失。

373 K條件下四元體系Na+,K+//Cl-,SO42--H2O相平衡研究也已見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[19]。通過(guò)對(duì)比373 K條件下兩個(gè)相圖可知,二者形狀相似,單變量曲線、固相結(jié)晶區(qū)以及共飽點(diǎn)數(shù)量一致,其中鉀芒硝有最大結(jié)晶區(qū),在平衡液相中有最小溶解度,鹵化物均對(duì)應(yīng)有較小結(jié)晶區(qū),在平衡液相中有較大的溶解度,說(shuō)明在兩個(gè)體系中,鹵化物均對(duì)硫酸鹽有較強(qiáng)的鹽析作用。但是鹵化物的結(jié)晶區(qū)面積大小有變化,KCl的結(jié)晶區(qū)面積大于KBr的結(jié)晶區(qū)面積,這是由于373 K條件下在該四元體系中,KBr的溶解度大于KCl的溶解度。

3 結(jié) 論

本文采用等溫溶解平衡法對(duì)交互四元體系K+,Na+//Br?,SO42--H2O 373 K時(shí)的相平衡進(jìn)行了研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),373 K條件下交互四元體系Na+,K+//Br?,SO42--H2O有復(fù)鹽Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla)生成,無(wú)固溶體生成,其等溫溶解度圖存在3個(gè)共飽和點(diǎn),7條單變量曲線,5個(gè)相區(qū),分別為:K2SO4、Na2SO4、NaBr、KBr和Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),NaBr在該四元體系中結(jié)晶區(qū)最小,溶解度最大,Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla)在該四元體系中結(jié)晶區(qū)最大,溶解度最小。

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Phase equilibria in quaternary system Na+,K+//Br?,SO42--H2O at 373 K

CUI Ruizhi1,2,SANG Shihua1,2
(1College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China;2Mineral Resources Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China)

Abstract:According to the composition of the brine resources in the west of Sichuan Basin,phase equilibria in the quaternary system Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O at 373 K is measured by the isothermal solution saturation method,and the solubilities and densities of the solution are determined experimentally. Using the experimental results,the dry salt phase diagram,water diagram and the densities versus composition diagram are obtained. In the phase diagram of quaternary system Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O at 373 K,the double salt Na2SO4·3K2SO4is found. There are three invariant points,seven uninvariant curves and five crystallization fields in the quaternary system. The five crystallization fields correspond to NaBr,Na2SO4,K2SO4,KBr and Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla),respectively. The crystallization field of NaBr has the smallest crystallization area,whereas the double salt Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla) has the biggest crystallization field in the quaternary system. It means that the double salt Na2SO4·3K2SO4(Gla) has the smaller solubility,and it can be easiest separated from solution. Compared with the two phase diagrams of quaternary system Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O at 323 K and 373 K,the result shows that the numbers of invariant points,crystallization fields and unvariant curves are the same. The double salt all forms in the phase diagrams of quaternary systems at two different temperatures. But univariant curve GH of the corresponding balance solid phase is different and the crystal water of sodium bromide has disappeared at 373 K. In comparison with the quaternary system Na+,K+//Cl-,SO42--H2O and the quaternary system Na+,K+//Br-,SO42--H2O at 373 K,the twophase diagrams have very similar shapes,each of them having three invariant points,seven univariant curves and five crystallization fields. The crystallization field of the salt NaBr is apparently smaller than that of NaCl. It is also found that halide has the salting-out effect on sulfates. The water content and the density transformation rules are discussed simply. The water content is lower with the higher solution of bromine and the density is higher with the higher solution of bromine.

Key words:underground brine; phase equilibria; solubility; solution; potassium salt; bromine salt

DOI:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20151183

中圖分類號(hào):O 642

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A

文章編號(hào):0438—1157(2016)04—1123—06

基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41373062);高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)科研基金項(xiàng)目(20125122110015);四川省高??蒲袆?chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(15TD0009)。

Corresponding author:Prof. SANG Shihua,sangsh@cdut.edu.cn

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