国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

淺談定語從句的基本用法

2016-05-30 09:55:17李興艷
今日財富 2016年1期

李興艷

摘 要:本文從定語從詞的定義,關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句等幾方面講述了定語從句的基本用法。

關(guān)鍵詞:定語從詞;關(guān)系代詞 ;關(guān)系副詞

定語從句是高中英語語法的一項重要內(nèi)容,也是歷年高考的熱點之一。然而由于課時和學(xué)生對語法的理解能力有限,許多學(xué)生對這一從句感到困惑。為此,我在定語從句的教與學(xué)的過程中總結(jié)歸納了定語從句的一些基本用法。

定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句,其作用是作定語,修飾主句的某個名詞或代詞,相當于形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,被修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,從句一般放在它所修飾的先行詞后面。

一、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法

1.關(guān)系代詞的用法。(1)who指人,在從句中做主語,也可代替whom做賓語。(2)whom指人,在從句中做賓語。(3)whose指人或物,在從句中做定語,只要先行詞與空格后面的名詞或代詞是修飾或所屬關(guān)系,就考慮用關(guān)系代詞whose。(4)which指物,在從句中做主語或賓語,做賓語時常省略(5)that指人或物,在從句中做主語,賓語和表語。

2.關(guān)系副詞的用法。(1)When指時間,在句子中做狀語。如:This was the time when he left for Beijing.(2)Where指地點,在句子中做狀語。如:That is the city where she grew up.(3)Why指原因,在句子中做狀語。如:I dont know the reason why he was late for the class.(4)How指方式,在句子中做狀語。The method how he learns English works well.

3.關(guān)系代詞which和that的差異

(1)先行詞是any, all, few, much, little, anything, everything等不定代詞,用that:Thats all that I can do at that time.Please tell me anything that you know about the author of the book.

(2)先行詞被any, much, no, some, few, all, little(很少,幾乎沒有)等修飾,用that:I have read all the books that you gave me.

(3)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾,用that:I have the best TV seat that is made in China.

(4)先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the just修飾,用that:That is the right novel that I have ever read.

(5)先行詞既指人又指物時,用that:He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.

(6)主句是以who, what, which開頭的特殊疑問句,用that:Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

Which of us that that knows something about physics does not know this?

(7)way(指方式), time作先行詞,其中time之前有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時,用關(guān)系副詞that,若無,則既可用that,也可用when.

I dont like the way (that) he dealt with the problem.(可省略that,也可以用in which.)

I can not remember the first time (that) we met.

(8)當先行詞在主句中作表語,且關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語時,用that:Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

(9)介詞提前時,關(guān)系代詞指物用which,指人用whom :Della sat on the corner of the table hearing the door by which her daughter always entered.

The comrade to whom you spoke is a model worker.

(10)連接非限制性定語從詞,用which:

His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.

4.關(guān)系代詞as的用法。注意與which的差異

(1)As在限制性定語從句中,多與such, so及the same連用,從句中的謂語動詞與主句中的謂語動詞相同時常被省略。

We do the same work as they (do).

I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.

(2)As用于非限制性定主從句中,代替整個主句,可置于主句前、中、后通常譯為正如(象)……一樣,且有一些常見結(jié)構(gòu)。

which可指前面句子包含的整個內(nèi)容;as連接從句時,有“為人所熟知,顯然,正如”之意;which所引的從句只能置主句后。

She married him, which was unexpected.

He didnt have any hope of success, as we knew.

As we all know , Taiwan is a part of China.

二、掌握限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的差異

限制性定語從句與主句關(guān)系緊密,不可分割,若去掉,則主句不完整。中間無逗號。而限制性定語從句與主句關(guān)系松散,去掉不影響主句的完整性。例如:

His brother who is eighteen years old is a soldier.

譯為:他十八歲的那個哥哥是個戰(zhàn)士。(有幾個哥哥)

His brother,,who is eighteen years old, is a soldier.

譯為:他哥哥是個戰(zhàn)士,有十八歲。(只有一個哥哥)

下面列表說明:

句子

三、掌握定詞從句的一些特殊用法

1.分隔定語從句(定語從句與先行詞被其它詞分隔的現(xiàn)象)

For example,

He was the only person in our country who was invited.

A teacher will come to our country who will teach you English.

2.殘缺定語從句:

For example,

Is this pen ______ you want?

A、which B、that C、the one D、the ones

該題答案為C,主句缺表語,從句缺先行詞。

四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞連接的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞which和whom在定語從句中做介詞的賓語時,從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom引出。關(guān)鍵難點在于介詞的確定,主要根據(jù)兩點:一是根據(jù)從句中動詞與介詞的搭配;二是根據(jù)句子的意義。

For example:

1.The man to whom you spoke is our English teacher.

跟某人說speak后跟to,故而用to whom.

2.He lived in London for 3 months, during which time he learned some English.

該題就是與句意有關(guān),“在此期間”故用了“during”。除此之外,還應(yīng)注意定定詞從句中主謂一致的問題:

A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.

The man who was here yesterday is a painter.

He is one of the students who speak English.

He is the only one of the students who speaks English.

總之,只要熟練掌握了定語從句的基本用法和一些特殊用法,并加于靈活運用,平時多做一些強化訓(xùn)練,就能在高考中把與該從句相關(guān)的考點迎刃而解,把分數(shù)收入襄中。

參考文獻:

[1]全日制普通高級中學(xué)教科書(必修),2014,人民教育出版社.

[2]5年高考3年模擬,2014,首都師范大學(xué)出版社.

宁晋县| 泾源县| 溧阳市| 永嘉县| 虹口区| 绿春县| 肇东市| 雅江县| 遂川县| 米易县| 朝阳区| 江陵县| 渝北区| 朝阳县| 天等县| 恭城| 如皋市| 内乡县| 普安县| 昌江| 丘北县| 湄潭县| 黔江区| 团风县| 涡阳县| 北京市| 绥江县| 巴东县| 正蓝旗| 平安县| 即墨市| 庄河市| 阳东县| 鸡东县| 隆子县| 武川县| 南召县| 小金县| 内江市| 北海市| 洪江市|