楊紅麗
【摘要】蘇軾是北宋著名詞人,他的詞在中國詞史上有著很重要的地位。他的《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》是一首久負盛名的作品,這首詞節(jié)奏鮮明,氣勢磅礴,讓人讀起來心潮澎湃,很容易在讀者頭腦中形成壯麗的畫面。本文試圖通過對《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》幾個版本的英譯對比賞析,來討論研究古詩詞翻譯的特點,從而提高鑒賞和翻譯古詩詞的能力。
【關(guān)鍵詞】豪放派;鑒賞;古詩詞
一、各種版本譯文及評析
原文:大江東去,浪淘盡,千古風(fēng)流人物。故壘西邊,人道是、三國周郎赤壁。亂石穿空,驚濤拍岸,卷起千堆雪。江山如畫,一時多少豪杰!遙想公瑾當(dāng)年,小喬初嫁了,雄姿英發(fā)。羽扇綸巾,談笑間、檣櫓灰飛煙滅。故國神游,多情應(yīng)笑我,早生華發(fā)。人生如夢,一尊還酹江月。
下面,我們來鑒賞一下各翻譯家的譯本:
1、徐忠杰
譯文:Niannujiao
At the bluffs on the Yangzi: a reminiscence
This river has eer swept its way, eastward bound.
It leaves, in memory, men with victory crowned.
To the west of the old ramparts, people say,
Are the Yangzi Bluffs where Zhou Yu won the day.
High into the air, rocks, shapeless, jagged, soar.
Frightful turbulent waves crash the craggy shore—
With such impact on the rocks they themselves throw—
That foam appears as a thousand heaps of snow.
Picturesque rivers and mountains of our land!
How many heroes are involved and how grand!
When Zhou married Xiao Qiao, dashing he must have been.
Manly, spirited, of a heroic mien.
A feather fan in hand; a kerchief on crown.
With little effort, he brought the strongest foe down.
If mawkish oer past heroes I prove to be,
……
評析:徐忠杰在翻譯中國古典詩詞時,很注重韻律。腳韻十分工整,另外還使用了倒裝、音節(jié)省略等手法,譯詞讀起來有較強的節(jié)奏感。但仍有不足之處,例如:
(1)把“大江”簡單譯成“This river”,似乎顯得功夫不足,不如“the mighty river”(楊譯)和“The Great River”(許譯、朱譯)顯得大氣。
(2)將“千古風(fēng)流人物”譯成“men with victory crowned”(獲得了很多勝利的人),不能讓人感覺出原文的韻味。“風(fēng)流”通常指對一個時代有很大影響的人物。所以,徐譯有待改進。
2、許淵沖
譯文:Tune:” Charm of a Maiden Singer”
Memories of the Past at Red Cliff
The Great River eastwards flows,
With its waves are gone all those
Gallant heroes of bygone years.
West of the ancient fortress appears
The Red Cliff. Here General Zhou won his early fame
When the Three Kingdoms were all in flame.
Jagged rocks tower in the air,
Swashing waves beat on the shore,
Rolling up a thousand heaps of snow.
To match the hills and the river so fair,
How many heroes brave of yore
Made a great show!
I fancy General Zhou at the height
Of his success, with a plume fan in hand,
In a silk hood, so brave and bright,
Laughing and jesting with his bride so fair,
While enemy ships were destroyed as planned
Like shadowy castles in the air.
Should their souls revisit this land,
Sentimental, his wife would laugh to say,
Younger than they, I have my hair all turned gray.
Life is but like a passing dream, …
評析:許譯比較接近原文風(fēng)格,用詞精練,并且采用了浪漫主義的譯法。但有兩點值得討論:
(1)將“多情”理解為“小喬笑周瑜”的意思,但根據(jù)原詞的意思,應(yīng)理解為“蘇軾自己笑自己”更符合作者本意,即作者要表達自己壯志未酬的萬千感慨。
(2)用直譯“Laughing and jesting with his bride so fair”來表達“談笑間”,又“同美麗的新娘在一起談笑”不夠準確。因為“談笑間”本意是毫不費力就取勝之意。當(dāng)時的背景是曹操率20余萬大軍南下,大敵當(dāng)前,若說此時的周瑜還有閑情逸致同美麗的新娘在一起談笑風(fēng)生,難免讓人貽笑大方了。
二、總結(jié)
通過將蘇軾這首詞兩個英譯文本的對比,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在古詩詞的英譯中有以下幾點值得注意:
1、作者的詳細知識背景。充分理解作者生活的朝代,作者的經(jīng)歷、理想及其思想,才能完全掌握其作品中透露出的思想感情。
2、平時要多積累一些古代文化常識、典故及文學(xué)知識。翻譯古詩詞貴在能夠?qū)⑦@些文化常識加以串連和聯(lián)想想象。不能發(fā)揮想象的自覺意識就不能充分表達作者的寫作意圖。
3、需字斟句酌。詩詞往往是字字千斤,很大程度上凝練了作者的思想感情。對此,翻譯時要逐字推敲,反復(fù)修改,才能翻譯出好的作品。
【參考文獻】
[1] 戴玉霞, 楊躍飛. 鴻踏雪泥詩風(fēng)慕禪意(二)——蘇軾《念奴嬌.赤壁懷古》評析[J]. 大家, 2010(04).
[2] 劉宓慶. 翻譯的風(fēng)格論[J]. 外國語, 1990,(1):1-5.
[3] 劉宓慶. 文化翻譯論綱[M]. 北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司, 2007.
[4] 許淵沖. 宋詞三百首:漢英對照[M]. 北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司, 2008.
[5] 許淵沖(選擇). 最愛唐宋詞[M]. 北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司, 2006:9-97.