安徽省靈璧縣第三中學(xué) 彭現(xiàn)省
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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常見典型錯(cuò)誤
安徽省靈璧縣第三中學(xué)彭現(xiàn)省
1.凱瑟琳會講一些廣東話。
誤Catherine can speaks a little Cantonese.
析情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面要接動(dòng)詞原形,它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
正Catherine can speak a little Cantonese.
2.請問你能幫我學(xué)英語嗎?
誤May you help me with my English,please?
析請求別人幫忙時(shí),應(yīng)用“Could/Canyou...”或“Would/Willyou...”,而不用“Mayyou...”。
正Could you help me with my English,please?
3.韓梅能用英語寫信。
誤Han Mei can be able to write letters in English.
析can和be able to都可以表示能力,都有“能夠”的意思,但不能同時(shí)使用。
正Han Mei can write letters in English.
4.—我必須待在這兒嗎?—不,不必。
誤—Must I stay here?—No,you mustn't.
析回答以must引導(dǎo)的問句時(shí),其否定答語應(yīng)用needn't,而不能用mustn't。
正—Must I stay here?—No,you needn't.
5.—我可以進(jìn)來嗎?—不,不可以。
誤—May I come in?—No,you any not.
析may用于表示請求時(shí),只用于主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句中?;卮鹨浴癕ay I/we...”提出的問題時(shí),否定回答用:No,you mustn't.mustn't只用來告訴人們不該做或不許做某事,意為“不可以”。否定回答還可用:Sorry,you can't./No,you can't.
正—May I come in?—No,you mustn't.
6.我不需要鋼筆,我已經(jīng)買了一支。
誤I needn't to have a pen because I've already got one.
析need既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),主要用于否定句和疑問句中;用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),具有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接不定式。
正I needn't have a pen because I've already got one.
正I don't need to have a pen because I've already got one.
7.—需要她隨你一起去嗎?—是的,需要。
誤—Need she go there with you?—Yes,she need.
析在回答need提出的問題時(shí),否定回答用needn't,肯定回答須用must。
正—Need she go there with you?—Yes,she must.
8.星期天你根本用不著去上學(xué)。
誤You mustn't go to school at all on Sunday.
析mustn't是“絕對不可、不準(zhǔn)”之意,有命令口吻。若表達(dá)“用不著、無須、不必”等意思時(shí),要用needn't或don't have to。
正You needn't go to school at all on Sunday.
9.阿曼達(dá)不僅會唱歌,而且會跳舞。
誤Amanda can't only sing but also dance.
析can not??煽s寫成can't,但其后跟only時(shí),不能縮寫,只能用can not。這是因?yàn)閚ot是修飾后面的詞,即構(gòu)成not only...but also...結(jié)構(gòu)。
正Amanda can not only sing but also dance.
10.為了通過考試,查爾斯必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。
誤Charles must study hard to pass the exam.
析have to和must都表示“必須”,have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要,有“不得不”的意思;must表示說話人的主觀看法。have to隨人稱、時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化,must沒有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。
正Charles has to study hard to pass the exam.
11.你明天最好別來這兒。
誤You had better not to come here tomorrow.
析had better是個(gè)復(fù)合情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其后直接跟動(dòng)詞原形。另外,在表達(dá)“對別人的勸告、建議”時(shí),不宜用在與陌生人、長輩及上級的交談中,因?yàn)檫@往往被視為不禮貌。
正You had better not come here tomorrow.
12.詹妮弗不敢說出她的想法。
誤Jennifer dare not to say what she thinks.
析dare和need的用法一樣,在否定句和疑問句中,既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,在肯定句中只用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。
正Jennifer dare not say what she thinks.
正Jennifer doesn't dare to say what she thinks.
13.但愿有一天我能乘上宇宙飛船去空間站。
誤I wish I can fly to the space station in a spaceship one day.
析wish雖然表示現(xiàn)在的愿望,但后面從句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一定要用過去式could或would,而不能用can和will。這是一種特殊的表達(dá)方式,表示wish后面說的是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
正I wish I could fly to the space station in a spaceship one day.
14.這個(gè)好消息不一定是真的。
誤The good news must not be true.
析對未知事情有所推測,表示肯定用must,表示否定用can't。
正The good news can't be true.
15.理查德可能今天下午回來。
誤Richare can come back this afternoon.
析can與may都可以表示“可能”,can常用在否定句和疑問句中,may常用在肯定句中。
正Richare may come back this afternoon.
16.你必須告訴我們你的理由。
誤You have to tell us your reason.
析表示主觀上認(rèn)為有義務(wù)或有必要時(shí),要用must。
正You must tell us your reason.
17.要想上大學(xué),我們就不得不努力學(xué)習(xí)。
誤In order to go to college,we must have to work hard.
析must和have to都有“不得不”的意思,不能同時(shí)使用。
正In order to go to college,we must/have to work hard.
18.他一定去北京了。
誤He must go to Beijing.
析對過去某事的肯定推測要用“must + have +過去分詞”。對過去某事的否定推測通常用“can't + have +過去分詞”。
正He must have gone to Beijing.