吳齊全+任雨+姚許平+朱偉智+高文波+孫濤
[基金項(xiàng)目] 浙江省寧波市第四批科技項(xiàng)目(甬科計(jì)[2010]67號(hào))
[摘要] 目的 對(duì)比中央型腎癌與外周型腎癌腹腔鏡保留腎單位的手術(shù)特點(diǎn)。方法 行保留腎單位手術(shù)的腎癌患者64例,中央型腎癌15例和外周型腎癌49例。比較兩種肺癌患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、阻斷方式及時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。 結(jié)果 15例中央型腎癌組患者手術(shù)順利,平均手術(shù)時(shí)間(140.1±47.2)min,術(shù)中均采用選擇性腎段動(dòng)脈阻斷,阻斷時(shí)間(28.5±9.2)min,平均出血量為(170.3±40.3)mL,術(shù)后出現(xiàn)尿瘺2例,腎周血腫1例;49例外周型腎癌組患者手術(shù)順利,平均手術(shù)時(shí)間(123.2±39.3)min,術(shù)中均采用單純腎動(dòng)脈完全阻斷,阻斷時(shí)間(19.3±6.2)min,平均出血量(139.5±35.1)mL,術(shù)后發(fā)生繼發(fā)性出血1例,無(wú)尿瘺發(fā)生。 結(jié)論 術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備細(xì)致和手術(shù)操作規(guī)范,保留腎單位手術(shù)對(duì)于中央型腎癌是安全可行的。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 中央型腎癌;外周型腎癌;腹腔鏡;腎部分切除術(shù)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R699.2[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B[文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2014)19-0157-04
The comparative study on laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for central and peripheral renal tumors
WU Qiquan REN Yu YAO Xuping ZHU Weizhi GAO Wenbo SUN Tao
Department of Urological Surgery,Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital,Ningbo 315100,China
[Abstract] Objective To compare the operation characteristic and clinical experience of laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for central and peripheral renal tumors. Methods A total of 64 cases of laparoscopic partial nephrectomies for renal tumors were divided into two groups:15 cases of laparoscopic partial nephrectomies for central type renal tumors and 49 cases of laparoscopic partial nephrectomies with peripheral type renal tumors. Operation time, blood vessel blocking time, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications of two groups are compared. Results For the patients with central renal tumors, mean operative time was (140.1±47.2) minutes. Mean ischemic time was (28.5±9.2) minutes. Mean blood loss was(170.3±40.3) mL.The major post-operative complication included leakage of urine(two cases ) and perirenal hematoma(one case). For the patients with peripheral based tumors, mean operative time was (123.2±39.3) minutes. Mean ischemic time was(19.3±6.2) minutes. Mean blood loss was(139.5±35.1)mL. The major postoperative complication included postoperative bleeding(one case). Conclusion Through careful preoperative preparation and standard operation technique , the nephron sparing surgery of centrally localized renal tumors is safe.
[Key words] Central renal tumors;Peripheral renal tumors;Laparoscope;Partial nephrectomy
隨著影像技術(shù)的發(fā)展,臨床工作中無(wú)癥狀小腎癌診斷率增長(zhǎng)了1倍。外科腎臟根治性切除術(shù)是治療腎癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)式,但小腎癌或難以手術(shù)的腎癌則提倡保腎手術(shù)。小腎癌保留腎單位手術(shù)療效與根治性腎切除術(shù)基本一致,被廣泛用于小腎癌的治療。腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)(laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, LPN)已成為治療外周型腎癌的重要術(shù)式。中央型腎癌由于靠近腎臟主干血管和集合系統(tǒng),手術(shù)難度相對(duì)較大。2008年2月~2012年12月我們對(duì)64例腎臟腫瘤患者行腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù),比較中央型腎癌與外周型腎癌的手術(shù)特點(diǎn),分析中央型腎癌腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)的可行性。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料
本組64例。分2組:①中央型腎癌15例,男8例,女7例,年齡32~68歲,平均54歲。腫瘤位于右腎7例、左腎8例,其中右側(cè)孤立腎腎癌1例,腫瘤平均直徑(3.2±1.2)cm,臨床分期T1期。術(shù)前均行64排多層螺旋CT血管成像檢查,明確患腎動(dòng)靜脈的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)。②外周型小腎癌49例,男31例,女18例,年齡23~73歲,平均46歲。腫瘤位于右腎35例、左腎14例,其中孤立腎腎癌2例,均為左側(cè),腫瘤平均直徑(3.7±1.9)cm,臨床分期均為T1期。以上分期系統(tǒng)均采用2009年AJCC腎癌的TNM分期。
1.2手術(shù)方法
全部采用氣管插管全身麻醉, 體位全部取健側(cè)臥位, 抬高腰橋。術(shù)前必要時(shí)留置雙J管預(yù)防漏尿。后腹腔入路,常規(guī)三孔法建立后腹膜間隙。超聲刀切開腎周筋膜和腎脂肪囊,游離腎臟周圍,顯露腎蒂后以“哈巴狗”阻斷,超聲刀切除腫塊及腫塊周圍0.5~1.0cm正常腎實(shí)質(zhì),必要時(shí),4-0可吸收線縫合關(guān)閉腎臟集合系統(tǒng),腎臟切面止血紗布填塞后用1-0可吸收線8字縫合腎實(shí)質(zhì),松開“哈巴狗”恢復(fù)腎臟血供,切除標(biāo)本放入標(biāo)本袋取出。盡量將腫瘤與其周圍結(jié)締組織完整取出。中央型腎癌通過(guò)術(shù)前腎血管CTA結(jié)合術(shù)中超聲定位,術(shù)中先游離腫瘤區(qū)域的腎段動(dòng)脈并予以阻斷,再行腎部分切除術(shù)。術(shù)中結(jié)扎血管殘端及縫扎關(guān)閉開放的腎集合系統(tǒng)后,間斷縫合加止血紗布的腎切面,再恢復(fù)血供后觀察腎切面有無(wú)明顯出血。局部處理完畢后, 將病灶置于標(biāo)本袋中取出。
endprint