魏志力 耿智敏
腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)與根治性切除術(shù)治療早期膽囊癌的療效對(duì)比
魏志力 耿智敏
目的 對(duì)比腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)與根治性膽囊切除術(shù)治療早期膽囊癌的臨床療效。方法 選取我院就診的126例早期膽囊癌患者,隨機(jī)分為觀察組(腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù))和對(duì)照組(根治性膽囊切除術(shù)),每組各63例,對(duì)比兩組臨床療效。結(jié)果 觀察組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后1年膽囊癌復(fù)發(fā)率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)治療早期膽囊癌具有明顯手術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),但根治性膽囊切除術(shù)復(fù)發(fā)率較低,因此,臨床應(yīng)根據(jù)患者實(shí)際病情及癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移傾向選擇合適的手術(shù)方式。
早期膽囊癌;腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù);根治性膽囊切除術(shù)
膽囊癌是膽道系統(tǒng)常見惡性腫瘤,具有惡性程度高、預(yù)后差等特點(diǎn),其5年存活率僅為2%~5%[1-2]。膽囊癌早期缺乏特異性癥狀[3]。膽囊癌根治術(shù)是臨床上常用的治療方法,但存在損傷大、患者恢復(fù)慢等缺點(diǎn)[4]。腹腔鏡是近年來(lái)應(yīng)用到膽囊癌中的新型治療術(shù)式。本研究對(duì)比了上述兩種手術(shù)方法治療早期膽囊癌的臨床療效,報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料
選取2012年3月~2015年3月我院就診的早期膽囊癌患者126例,隨機(jī)分為觀察組(n=63)和對(duì)照組(n=63)。其中觀察組男29例,女34例,年齡30~79歲,平均年齡(60.23±4.36)歲;對(duì)照組男30例,女33例,年齡31~80歲,平均年齡(60.87±4.47)歲。兩組一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 治療方法
對(duì)照組:根治性膽囊切除術(shù)?;颊呷楹笕懩彝耆谐?,膽囊床肝組織部分清除。
觀察組:腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)?;颊呷楹驝O2建立氣腹,利用腹腔鏡進(jìn)行手術(shù)操作,對(duì)膽囊進(jìn)行完全性切除。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
觀察術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間,并發(fā)癥及術(shù)后1年膽囊癌復(fù)發(fā)情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 18.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理,計(jì)量資料以(均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較
觀察組術(shù)中出血量(30.52±9.84)ml、手術(shù)時(shí)間(30.18± 10.11)min、術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間(11.36±6.38)h、術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間(10.11±5.37)h和住院時(shí)間(3.47±1.42)d短于對(duì)照組術(shù)中出血量(57.78±11.54)ml、手術(shù)時(shí)間(55.24±11.42)min、術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間(20.43±7.21)h、術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間(22.65± 8.71)h和住院時(shí)間(5.28±2.85)d,兩組數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.2 兩組膽囊癌患者并發(fā)癥及復(fù)發(fā)情況比較
觀察組發(fā)生膽囊窩積液2例(3.17%),肺部感染和腹腔感染各4例(6.35%)。對(duì)照組發(fā)生膽囊窩積液2例(3.17%),膽漏4例(6.35%),切口感染和腹腔感染各4例(6.35%),肺部感染2例(3.17%)。觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率15.87%低于對(duì)照組25.40%,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后1年膽囊癌復(fù)發(fā)率11.11%(7/63)高于對(duì)照組0%,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
膽囊癌前中期臨床表現(xiàn)缺乏特異性,多表現(xiàn)為惡心嘔吐、反復(fù)發(fā)作右上腹或劍突下疼痛,食欲下降等,易與良性膽囊疾病混淆[5-6]。腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)具有視野清晰、手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[7-8]。本研究中觀察組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。表明腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)可明顯降低術(shù)中出血量,縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間,加快腸胃恢復(fù)。且觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。說(shuō)明腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)治療早期膽囊癌的并發(fā)癥少,安全性高。觀察組術(shù)后一年膽囊癌復(fù)發(fā)率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。這可能與腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)對(duì)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移清除不夠徹底有關(guān)。此外,由于本研究選取樣本量較少,研究時(shí)間較短,后期還需進(jìn)一步大樣本進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
綜上所述,腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)治療早期膽囊癌具有明顯手術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),但根治性膽囊切除術(shù)復(fù)發(fā)率較低,因此,臨床應(yīng)根據(jù)患者實(shí)際病情及癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移傾向選擇合適的手術(shù)方式。
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Comparison of the Curative Effect Between Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Radical Cholecystectomy in the Treatment of Early Gallbladder Carcinoma
WEI Zhili GENG Zhimin Hepatobiliary Surgery Department,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College,Xi'an Shanxi 710061,China
Objective To compare the clinical effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and radical cholecystectomy in the treatment of early gallbladder carcinoma. Methods 126 cases of patients with early gallbladder carcinoma were randomly divided into observation group(laparoscopic cholecystectomy)and control group(radical cholecystectomy)in our hospital,63 cases of patients in each group. The clinical efficacy between two groups was compared. Results The bleeding volume,operation time,postoperative recovery time,exhaust time and hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The recurrence rate of gallbladder carcinoma in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of early gallbladder carcinoma has obvious advantages,but the recurrence rate of radical cholecystectomy is low,therefore,the clinical treatment should be based on the actual condition of the patient and the tendency of cancer cell metastasis to choose the appropriate operation mode.
Early gallbladder carcinoma,Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,Radical cholecystectomy
R657.4
A
1674-9316(2016)22-0066-03
10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2016.22.040
西安交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院肝膽外科,陜西 西安710061