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新型含哌嗪1,3,4-噻二唑酰胺衍生物的合成及其生物活性*

2016-01-17 08:55:33朱雪松王忠波貴州大學(xué)精細(xì)化工研究開(kāi)發(fā)中心綠色農(nóng)藥與農(nóng)業(yè)生物工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地教育部綠色農(nóng)藥與生物工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室貴州貴陽(yáng)550025
合成化學(xué) 2015年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:噻二唑乙酰胺哌嗪

張 賢,朱雪松,柳 敏,謝 艷,王忠波,薛 偉(貴州大學(xué)精細(xì)化工研究開(kāi)發(fā)中心綠色農(nóng)藥與農(nóng)業(yè)生物工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地教育部綠色農(nóng)藥與生物工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,貴州貴陽(yáng) 550025)

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新型含哌嗪1,3,4-噻二唑酰胺衍生物的合成及其生物活性*

張賢,朱雪松,柳敏,謝艷,王忠波,薛偉
(貴州大學(xué)精細(xì)化工研究開(kāi)發(fā)中心綠色農(nóng)藥與農(nóng)業(yè)生物工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地教育部綠色農(nóng)藥與生物工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,貴州貴陽(yáng)550025)*

ian0853@ yeah.net

通信聯(lián)系人:薛偉,教授,Tel.0851-88292090,E-mail:wxue@ gzu.edu.cn

摘要:以氨基硫脲和二硫化碳為起始原料,合成了15個(gè)新型的1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物(6a~6o),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,ESI-MS和元素分析表征。生物活性測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:大部分化合物對(duì)水稻白葉枯細(xì)菌有良好的抑制活性,其中,N-[5-(2,4-二氯芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6b)和N-[5-(4-三氟甲氧基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6e)的EC50分別為17.5 μg·mL-1和19.8 μg·mL-1; N-[5-(3-甲基芐基)硫醚)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6k)在濃度為500 μg·mL-1時(shí),對(duì)煙草花葉病毒有一定的抑制活性。

關(guān)鍵詞:1,3,4-噻二唑;酰胺;哌嗪;合成;生物活性

噻唑類化合物是一類非常重要的雜環(huán)化合物,具有較好的生物活性及配位性能,在農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)藥及配位化學(xué)等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛應(yīng)用。1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的生物活性與其“碳-氮-硫”基本骨架結(jié)構(gòu)有著密切的關(guān)系,由于“碳-氮-硫”結(jié)構(gòu)能作為活性中心螯合生物體中的某些金屬離子,因而具有較好的組織細(xì)胞通透性,可以更好地發(fā)揮藥效[1]。關(guān)于1,3,4-噻二唑類雜環(huán)化合物的生物活性報(bào)道較多,例如殺菌[2-5]、殺蟲(chóng)[6]、除草[7]、抗病毒[8]、促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)[9]及抗癌[10-11]等生物活性。酰胺結(jié)構(gòu)存在于很多雜環(huán)類化合物中,自1966年從丁烯酰胺類殺菌劑當(dāng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)氧化萎銹靈和萎銹靈起,幾十年來(lái)相繼成功開(kāi)發(fā)了數(shù)十個(gè)具有不同生物活性的商品化合物,如呋霜靈、甲呋酰胺、抑霉威、氟嗎啉和噻唑菌胺等[12]。

哌嗪是很多藥物的合成原料,如氟哌酸和吡哌酸等喹諾酮類抗菌藥物,鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥物氯哌嗪唑酮和抗菌藥氧氟沙星也都含有哌嗪環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)[13-15]。2014年,吳琴等[15]合成一系列同時(shí)具有1,3,4-噻二唑環(huán)與哌嗪環(huán)的化合物,在濃度為50 μg·mL-1時(shí)對(duì)小麥赤霉菌、蘋(píng)果腐爛病菌和辣椒枯萎病菌有較好的抑制活性。1,3,4-噻二唑酰胺結(jié)構(gòu)與哌嗪相互拼接的報(bào)道很少,而哌嗪在合成藥物特別是作為殺菌劑時(shí)具有廣泛用途。

因此本文設(shè)計(jì)將哌嗪與2,5-位同時(shí)被取代的1,3,4-噻二唑拼接在一起,期望能夠得到一類結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的新型1,3,4-噻二唑酰胺殺菌劑。以氨基硫脲和二硫化碳為起始原料,經(jīng)合環(huán)反應(yīng)制得5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇(1)[17]; 1與不同位置取代的芐氯(2a~2i,2o)經(jīng)取代反應(yīng)制得中間體(3a~3i,3o); 3中的氨基與氯乙酰氯反應(yīng)制得含有酰胺結(jié)構(gòu)的中間體(4a~4i,4o);再將N-甲基哌嗪(5a)或哌嗪(5j)分別與4中與酰胺結(jié)構(gòu)相連的氯反應(yīng)合成了15個(gè)新型含哌嗪結(jié)構(gòu)的1,3,4-噻二唑酰胺衍生物(6a~6o,Scheme 1),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,ESI-MS和元素分析表征。并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了初步的抗菌與抗煙草花葉病毒(TMV)活性測(cè)試。

Scheme 1

1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

1.1儀器與試劑

X-5型顯微熔點(diǎn)儀(溫度未校正); ZF-I型三用紫外分析儀; JEOL-ECX-500 NMR型核磁共振儀(CD3COCD3為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo)); IR Prestige-21型紅外光譜儀(KBr壓片); Elementar(Vario EL Ⅲ)型元素分析儀。

所用試劑均為分析純。

1.2合成

(1)6a~6o的合成(以6j為例)

在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入4a 0.33 g(1 mmol)和1,4-二氧六環(huán)6 mL,攪拌使其溶解;加入三乙胺0.2 g(2 mmol),回流至完全溶解;加入無(wú)水哌嗪(5j)0.1 g(1.1 mmol),回流反應(yīng)2 h。靜置冷卻過(guò)夜(有白色固體析出),抽濾,濾餅用少量乙醇洗滌得白色固體6j 0.22 g,收率57.2%。

用類似的方法合成6b~6o。

N-[5-(3-氯芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6a):無(wú)色粉末狀晶體,產(chǎn)率61.7 %,m.p.127℃~129℃;1H NMR δ:7.40(s,1H,ArH),7.29(t,J=10.0 Hz,1H,ArH),7.27(s,1H,ArH),7.24(s,1H,ArH),4.44(s,2H,CH2),3.27(s,2H,CH2),2.66(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.52(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.33(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.66,159.69,158.27,138.30,134.54,130.02,129.29,128.14,127.41,60.75,54.97,53.73,46.05,37.74; IR ν:3 440(N-H),2 947(CH3),1 696(C=O),1 301(C-N)cm-1; ESIMS m/z:398.2{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C16H20N5OS2Cl:C 48.29,H 5.07,N 17.60; found C 48.16,H 5.16,N 17.11。

N-[5-(2,4-二氯芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6b):無(wú)色粉末狀晶體,產(chǎn)率54.3%,m.p.94℃~95℃;1H NMR δ:7.45(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H,ArH),7.17(dd,J=8.3 Hz,1.9 Hz,1H,ArH),4.56(s,2H,CH2),3.27(s,2H,CH2),2.66(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.53(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.33(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.64,159.68,158.37,135.15,134.50,133.00,132.19,129.70,127.33,60.72,54.98,53.72,46.04,35.37; IR ν:3 446(NH),2 935(CH3),1 695(C=O),1 301(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:433.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C16H19N5OS2Cl2:C 44.45,H 4.43,N 16.40; found C,44.43,H 4.59,N 16.59。

N-[5-(芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6c):無(wú)色針狀晶體,產(chǎn)率57.6%,m.p.122℃~123℃;1H NMR δ:10.45(s,1H),7.39~7.38(d,J=5.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.32~7.29(m,2H,ArH),7.28~7.26(m,1H,ArH),4.46(s,2H,CH2),3.26(s,2H,CH2),2.64(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.51(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.32(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.63,160.35,158.17,136.06,129.24,128.82,127.96,60.78,54.97,53.74,46.06,38.63; IR ν:3 442(N-H),2 933(CH3),1 695(C=O),1 301(CN)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:364.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C16H21N5OS2:C 52.87,H 5.82,N 19.27; found C 53.12,H 5.87,N 19.63。

N-[5-(2-甲基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6d):白色粉末,產(chǎn)率45.2%,m.p.90℃~91℃;1H NMR δ:7.24(d,J=5.0 Hz,1H,ArH),7.17~7.07(m,3H,ArH),4.44(s,2H,CH2),3.21(s,2H,CH2),2.60(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.47(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.36(s,3H,CH3),2.27(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.64,158.19,137.20,130.80,130.29,128.38,126.36,120.42,113.99,60.76,54.91,53.63,45.98,42.25,36.93,19.33; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 931(CH3),1 699(C=O),1 292(C-N)cm-1; ESIMS m/z:378.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C17H23N5OS2:C 54.09,H 6.14,N 18.55; found C 54.05,H 6.02,N 18.84。

N-[5-(4-三氟甲氧基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6e):無(wú)色針狀晶體,產(chǎn)率57.3%,m.p.150℃~151℃;1H NMR δ:7.42(d,J=5.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.14(d,J=5.0 Hz,2H,ArH),4.47(s,2H),3.26(s,2H,CH2),2.65(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.52(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.32(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.64,159.75,158.25,148.79,135.07,130.69,121.22,60.73,54.96,53.71,46.03,37.46; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 939(CH3),1 701(C=O),1 301(C-N)cm-1; ESIMS m/z:448.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C17H20N5O2S2F3:C 45.63,H 4.51,N 15.65; found C45.26,H 4.62,N 16.39。

N-[5-(3-甲基芐基)硫醚)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6f):白色粉末,產(chǎn)率48.9%,m.p.117℃~119℃;1H NMR δ:7.19(t,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.07(d,J=5.0 Hz,1H,ArH),4.43(s,2H,CH2),3.26(s,2H,CH2),2.51(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.46(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.32(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.63,160.56,158.11,138.56,135.83,129.93,128.76,128.70,126.28,60.79,54.96,53.74,46.05,38.63,21.44; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 926(CH3),1 695(C=O),1 300(CN)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:378.3{[M + H]+};A-nal.calcd for C17H23N5OS2:C 54.09,H 6.14,N18.55; found C 54.12,H 5.71,N 18.92。

N-[5-(4-三氟甲基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6g):白色粉末,產(chǎn)率55.8%,m.p.152℃~154℃;1H NMR δ:7.56(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.52(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),4.51(s,2H,CH2),3.26(s,2H,CH2),2.65(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.51(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.32(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.67,159.47,158.29,140.53,129.56,125.70,60.72,54.98,53.74,46.05,37.58; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 818(CH3),1 701(C=O),1 328(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:432.2{[M +H]+};Anal.calcd for C17H20N5OS2F3:C 45.14,H 4.51,N 15.65; found C 45.13,H 4.55,N 16.29。

N-[5-(3-氟芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6h):無(wú)色粉末狀晶體,產(chǎn)率51.1%,m.p.110℃~111℃;1H NMR δ:7.29~7.26(m,1H,ArH),7.16(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H,ArH),7.12~7.10(m,1H,ArH),6.97~6.94(m,1H,ArH),4.45(s,2H,CH2),3.26(s,2H,CH2),2.51(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.65(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.32(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.66,163.85,161.89,159.75,158.28,138.76,138.70,130.31,130.24,124.88,116.24,116.06,115.02,114.86,60.75,54.97,53.74,46.05,37.89; IR ν:3 446(N-H),2 935(CH3),1 695(C=O),1 301(CN)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:382.2{[M + H]+};A-nal.calcd for C16H20N5OS2F:C 50.38,H 5.28,N,18.36; found C 50.21,H 5.46,N 18.88。

N-[5-(4-硝基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-N-甲基哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6i):粉色粉末,產(chǎn)率62.5%,m.p.159℃~160℃;1H NMR δ:8.15(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.58(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),4.53(s,2H,CH2),3.26(s,2H,CH2),2.64(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.50(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.31(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.72,158.81,158.44,147.56,144.20,130.13,123.95,60.69,54.98,53.73,46.05,37.18; IR ν:3 462(N-H),2 846(CH3),1 699(C=O),1 342(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:409.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C16H20N6O3S2:C 47.04,H 4.94,N 20.57; found C 46.46,H 5.11,N,21.38。

N-[5-(3-氯芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6j):白色粉末,產(chǎn)率57.2%,m.p.183℃~184℃;1H NMR δ:7.40(s,1H,ArH),7.30~7.28(m,1H,ArH),7.25~7.24(m,2H,ArH),4.44(s,2H,CH2),3.25(s,2H,CH2),2.97(t,J=10.0 Hz,4H,piperazine-H),2.60~2.59(m,4H,piperazine-H);13C NMR δ:168.62,159.65,157.51,138.15,134.45,129.92,129.19,128.04,127.31,61.38,54.81,46.00,37.64; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 922(CH3),1 689(C=O),1 319(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:384.2{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C15H18N5OS2Cl:C 46.93,H 4.73,N 18.24; found C 46.62,H 4.89,N 18.54。

N-[5-(3-甲基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6k):粉色粉末,產(chǎn)率54.6%,m.p.161℃~163℃;1H NMR δ:7.24(t,J=5.0 Hz,1H,ArH),7.21~7.17(m,2H,ArH),7.08(s,1H,ArH),4.43(t,J=15.0 Hz,2H,CH2),3.24(t,J=10.0 Hz,2H,CH2),2.97(t,J=10.0 Hz,4H,piperazine-H),2.58(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.32(t,J=15.0 Hz,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.68,160.57,158.10,138.57,135.82,129.92,128.76,128.70,126.28,61.49,54.87,46.06,38.62,21.44; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 821(CH3),1 679(C=O),1 328(CN)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:364.3{[M + H]+};A-nal.calcd for C16H21N5OS2:C 52.87,H 5.82,N 19.27; found C 52.57,H 5.88,N 19.48。

N-[5-(2-甲基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6l):粉色粉末,產(chǎn)率59.0%,m.p.183℃~184℃;1H NMR δ:7.31(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H,ArH),7.18(t,J=5.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.15~7.13(m,1H,ArH),4.50(s,2H,CH2),3.24(s,2H,CH2),2.96(t,J=10.0 Hz,4H,piperazine-H),2.58(s,4H,piperazine-H),2.42(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:168.71,160.57,158.15,137.21,133.60,130.80,130.30,128.38,126.37,61.51,54.89,46.07,36.91,19.34; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 818(CH3),1 678(C=O),1 328(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:364.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C16H21N5OS2:C 52.87,H 5.82,N 19.27; found C 52.44,H 5.85,N 19.86。

N-[5-(4-三氟甲基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6m):白色粉末,產(chǎn)率50.3%,m.p.139℃~140℃;1H NMR δ:7.56(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.52(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),4.51(s,2H,CH2),3.24(s,2H,CH2),2.95(t,J=10.0 Hz,4H,piperazine-H),2.58(d,4H,J=5.0 Hz,piperazine-H);13C NMR δ:168.74,159.47,158.30,140.52,129.56,125.73,125.70,61.45,54.90,46.10,37.58; IR ν:3 383(N-H),2 943(CH3),1 624(C=O),1 323(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:418.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C16H18N5OS2F3:C 46.03,H 4.35,N 16.78; found C 45.82,H 4.10,N 17.15。

N-[5-(3-三氟甲氧基芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6n):白色粉末,產(chǎn)率55.2%,m.p.141℃~142℃;1H NMR δ:7.42(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.40(s,1H,ArH),7.14(d,J=10.0 Hz,2H,ArH),4.46(s,2H,CH2),3.24(s,2H,CH2),2.95(t,J=10.0 Hz,4H,piperazine-H),2.57(s,4H,piperazine-H);13C NMR δ:168.73,159.71,158.30,148.78,135.07,130.68,121.21,61.47,54.89,46.08,37.45; IR ν:3 444(N-H),2 941(CH3),1 627(C=O),1 330(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:434.3 {[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C16H18N5O2S2F3:C 44.33,H 4.19,N 16.16; found C 44.82,H 4.06,N 16.67。

N-[5-(2-氟芐基)硫醚]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6o):粉色粉末,產(chǎn)率49.3%,m.p.172℃~174℃;1H NMR δ:7.42(t,J=15.0 Hz,2H,ArH),7.27~7.23(m,1H,ArH),7.05~7.03(m,2H,ArH),4.50(s,2H,CH2),3.24(s,2H,CH2),2.95(t,J=10.0 Hz,4H,piperazine-H),2.58(d,J=5.0 Hz,4H,piperazine-H);13C NMR δ:168.72,162.04,159.95,158.39,131.36,131.34,129.91,129.84,124.34,124.31,123.67,123.56,115.80,115.63,61.48,54.89,46.08,31.78; IR ν:3 444(NH),2 818(CH3),1 653(C=O),1 328(C-N)cm-1; ESI-MS m/z:368.3{[M + H]+};Anal.calcd for C15H18N5OFS2:C 49.03,H 4.94,N 19.06; found C 49.30,H 4.78,N 19.28。

1.3生物活性測(cè)定

(1)抑菌活性

采用濁度法測(cè)試化合物對(duì)植病細(xì)菌的抑制活性,試驗(yàn)對(duì)象為水稻白葉枯病菌和煙草青枯病菌。被測(cè)化合物的濃度分別為100 μg·mL-1,用DMSO溶解在培養(yǎng)基中作為空白對(duì)照,葉枯唑與噻菌銅分別作對(duì)照藥劑,將受試菌種在營(yíng)養(yǎng)瓊脂(nutrient agar,NA)固體培養(yǎng)基上進(jìn)行劃線培養(yǎng),置恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中于30℃培養(yǎng)至長(zhǎng)出單菌落。用接菌環(huán)選取中央黃色單菌落(粉紅色、白邊較多的單菌落),放入營(yíng)養(yǎng)肉汁胨(nutrient broth,NB)液體培養(yǎng)基中,在30℃,180 rpm恒溫?fù)u床中振蕩培養(yǎng)至對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期備用。將藥劑(化合物和對(duì)照藥劑)配置成濃度為100 μg·mL-1的含毒NB液體培養(yǎng)基5 mL加入到試管中,加入40 μL含有受試菌種的NB液體培養(yǎng)基中,在30℃,180 rpm恒溫?fù)u床中振蕩培養(yǎng)48 h,將各個(gè)濃度的菌液在分光光度計(jì)上測(cè)定OD595值,并且另外測(cè)定對(duì)應(yīng)濃度的含毒無(wú)菌NB液體培養(yǎng)基OD595值并計(jì)算抑制率。

校正OD值=含菌培養(yǎng)基OD值-無(wú)菌培養(yǎng)基OD值抑制率=[(校正后對(duì)照培養(yǎng)基菌液OD值-校正含毒培養(yǎng)基OD值)/校正后對(duì)照培養(yǎng)基菌液OD值]×100%

(2)抗TMV活性

選長(zhǎng)勢(shì)一致的心葉煙,用磷酸緩沖液將TMV粗提液稀釋至適宜濃度,用毛筆人工摩擦接種于撒有金剛砂的適齡葉片上(全葉接種病毒,每葉片人工輕輕涂抹病毒1次,左右半葉涂抹力度盡量做到均勻),接種后用清水沖洗,待葉片干后,在左半葉涂施化合物溶液,右半葉涂施對(duì)應(yīng)劑量的溶劑作對(duì)照,隨后在光照培養(yǎng)箱中保濕培養(yǎng),控制溫度(23±1)℃,光照10 000 Lux,3~4天后觀察并記錄產(chǎn)生枯斑的數(shù)目。每藥劑處理設(shè)3株,每株3~4片葉,再設(shè)置一組商品寧南霉素的處理作為對(duì)比。每藥劑重復(fù)3次,當(dāng)空白對(duì)照的半葉上呈現(xiàn)明顯枯斑,約在試驗(yàn)3~4天后就可調(diào)查,分別記錄每片葉的左右半葉的枯斑數(shù),按下式計(jì)算抑制率(Y)。Y=(C-A)/C×100%式中:C為對(duì)照組(右半葉)枯斑數(shù),A為化合物處理組(左半葉)枯斑數(shù)

2 結(jié)果與討論

2.1合成

在3的合成中,以吡啶為溶劑,不添加其他堿為縛酸劑時(shí)產(chǎn)率較低,當(dāng)添加2 eq.三乙胺作縛酸劑時(shí)產(chǎn)率提高。原因是雖然吡啶本身可以中和酸,但是吡啶與酸的作用時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),導(dǎo)致不能及時(shí)除去體系中的酸,使得反應(yīng)過(guò)程中體系不能一直維持堿性條件。

2.2表征

以6a為例,IR分析表明,3 440 cm-1處吸收峰為酰胺鍵中N-H鍵的伸縮振動(dòng)吸收峰,2 947 cm-1處吸收峰為甲基和亞甲基上C-H鍵的伸縮振動(dòng)吸收峰,1 696 cm-1處吸收峰為酰胺中C=O的伸縮振動(dòng)吸收峰,1 558 cm-1處吸收峰為苯環(huán)骨架的振動(dòng)吸收峰,1 301 cm-1處為C-N鍵的伸縮振動(dòng)吸收峰。6a的1H NMR分析表明,δ 3.27 與δ 4.44處吸收峰分別歸屬與酰胺鍵相連的亞甲基和與硫醚鍵相連的亞甲基質(zhì)子,由于受到酰胺羰基吸電子效應(yīng)和苯環(huán)共軛效應(yīng)的影響,兩組峰均向低場(chǎng)移動(dòng)。

2.3生物活性

(1)抑菌活性

6a~6o的抑菌活性見(jiàn)表1。由表1可見(jiàn),在濃度為100 μg·mL-1時(shí),6a~6o對(duì)煙草青枯病菌抑制效果一般,但是對(duì)水稻白葉枯病菌有較好的抑制作用,大部分化合物的抑制率高于對(duì)照藥劑葉枯唑(54.4%),其中6a,6b,6d~6f,6m,6n的抑制率均大于80%,其對(duì)水稻白葉枯病菌的半數(shù)有效濃度(EC50)見(jiàn)表2。由表2可見(jiàn),相對(duì)于葉枯唑,6a,6b,6d~6f,6m,6n的EC50均較低,表現(xiàn)出更好的活性。

(2)抗TMV活性

6a~6o在濃度為500 μg·mL-1時(shí)抗TMV的活性結(jié)果見(jiàn)表3。由表3可見(jiàn),6a~6o中部分化合物對(duì)TMV有一定抑制活性,其中6k的抑制率為47.6%,6d的抑制率也高于40.0%。

表1 6a~6o的抑菌活性Table 1 Antibacterial activities of 6a~6o

表2 部分化合物對(duì)水稻白葉枯病菌的EC50值* Table 2 EC50values of some compounds againstXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae

表3 6a~6o的煙草花葉病毒的抑制活性*Table 3 Inhibition activities of 6a~6o against TMV

3 結(jié)論

以氨基硫脲和二硫化碳為起始原料合成了15個(gè)新型的1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物,其中6a,6b,6d~6f,6m,6n在濃度為100 μg·mL-1時(shí)對(duì)水稻白葉枯病菌的抑制率均大于80%,其半數(shù)抑制濃度高于對(duì)照藥劑葉枯唑??筎MV活性測(cè)試表明,在濃度為500 μg·mL-1時(shí),N-[5-(3-甲基芐基)硫醚)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(2-哌嗪)-乙酰胺(6k)對(duì)TMV有一定抑制作用。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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[3]Padmavathi V A,Sudhakar G R,Padmaja A,et al.Synthesis,antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles,1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles [J].Euro J Med Chem,2009,44(5):2106-2112.

[4]Bansode S,Kamble R.Synthesis of novel 2-(3'-arylsydnon-4'-ylidene)-5'-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazolylamines and 1,3,4-thiadiazol-20-yl-3-oxo-1,2,4-triazoles as antimicrobial agents[J].Med Chem Res,2012,21(6):867-873.

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噻二唑-2-基]-N'-取代苯基脲的合成及生物活性[J].華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2008,42(1):62-64.

[10]Wafaa S,Hamama M A,Gouda M H,et al.Synthesis,antioxidant,and antitumor evaluation of certain new N-substituted-2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles[J].Med Chem Res,2013,22:3556-3565.

[11]朱紅梅,秦俊虎,歐陽(yáng)貴平.新型4-(5-N-取代-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-巰基)-苯并[4,5]呋喃[3,2-d]嘧啶類衍生物的合成及其抗癌活性[J].合成化學(xué),2012,2(20):156-160.

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·研究論文·

Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel
1,3,4-Thiadiazole Amide Derivatives Containing Piperazine

ZHANG Xian,ZHU Xue-song,LIU Min,XIE Yan,WANG Zhong-bo,XUE Wei
(State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Bioengineering of Ministry of Education,
Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

Abstract:Fifteen novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole amide compounds containing piperazine were synthesized using aminothiourea and carbon disulfide as the starting materials.The structures were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,ESI-MS and elemental analysis.The bioassay results indicated that N-{ 5-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide(6b)and N-【5-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]thio}-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl】-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide(6e)demonstrated inhibitory effects on Xan-thomonas campestris pv.oryzae with EC50of 17.5 μg·mL-1and 19.8 μg·mL-1,respectively.N-{ 5-[(3-methylbenzyl)thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}-2-(piperazin-1-yl)acetamide(6k)showed certain antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus at 500 μg·mL-1.

Keywords:1,3,4-thiadiazole; amide; piperazine; synthesis; bioactivity

DOI:10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.11.0993

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

中圖分類號(hào):O626; O621.3

作者簡(jiǎn)介:張賢(1989-),女,漢族,貴州安順人,碩士研究生,主要從事新農(nóng)藥與新藥物的設(shè)計(jì)與合成研究。E-mail:zhangx

基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家十二五科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011BAE06B04-09);貴州大學(xué)研究生創(chuàng)新基金資助項(xiàng)目(2014078)

收稿日期:2014-12-04;

修訂日期:2015-09-06

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