銅與稀硝酸的反應(yīng)改進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)
方嘉敏衷明華
(韓山師范學(xué)院化學(xué)系,廣東 潮州 521041)
摘要:由于銅與濃、稀硝酸的反應(yīng)具有一定的危險(xiǎn)性,故人教版高中化學(xué)必修I并沒(méi)有要求學(xué)生做此實(shí)驗(yàn),銅與稀硝酸的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置和操作步驟都比較復(fù)雜,本文對(duì)銅與稀硝酸的反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行改進(jìn),采用微型實(shí)驗(yàn)便于教師演示和學(xué)生自己實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)每一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的實(shí)驗(yàn)探究能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:銅與稀硝酸的反應(yīng)微型實(shí)驗(yàn)高中化學(xué)注射器氫氧化鈉溶液
3Cu+8HNO3=3Cu(NO3)2+NO↑+4H2O
2NO+O2=2NO2
Cu(NO3)2+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaNO3
1、實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器及實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品
(1)藥品:銅片、稀硝酸、NaOH溶液。
(2)儀器:注射器、小燒杯。
2、操作步驟:
(1)往針筒注射器里加入幾片銅片,再吸取20ml左右稀硝酸溶液;
(2)待銅片完全溶解后,把注射器倒立吸入空氣;
(3)反應(yīng)完畢后,把注射器插入稀NaOH溶液中做尾氣處理。
3、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象
(1)銅片溶解后吸入空氣后氣體會(huì)變成棕紅色;
(2)反應(yīng)完畢注射器插入稀NaOH溶液中會(huì)有藍(lán)色沉淀產(chǎn)生。
4、實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置
圖 實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置
(1)采用微型實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品用量少,環(huán)保且安全,實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象明顯;
(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器簡(jiǎn)單,實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間較短,現(xiàn)象明顯,適合教師在課堂上做演示實(shí)驗(yàn),也適合學(xué)生自主進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn);
(3)尾氣得到處理,達(dá)到了綠色化學(xué)的理念。
Copper and dilute nitric acid reaction to improve the experiment
FANG Jia-minZHONG Ming-hua
(HanshanNomalUniversity,GuangdongChaozhou521041)
Abstract:Due to the copper and thick,thin nitric acid reaction has a certain risk,a friend of chemistry for high schools required did not require students to do the experiment,along with all the copper with dilute nitric acid experiment device and steps are complex,in this paper,the copper with dilute nitric acid reaction experiment was improved,using micro experiment is advantageous for the demonstration of the teachers and students themselves,according to guide the students to think about every step of the experiment phenomena,develop the students’ ability of experiment to explore.
Key Words:Copper with dilute nitric acid reactionmicro experimentalhigh school chemistrysyringesodium hydroxide solution