王曉波,杜潘艷,趙麗梅,喬國昱,王寶林,高翠紅,張雙
(1.河北省唐山市婦幼保健院檢驗(yàn)科,河北 唐山 063000;2.河北省唐山市協(xié)和醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,河北 唐山 063000)
手足口病合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染患兒血清中S100B、神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶水平檢測及意義
王曉波1,杜潘艷1,趙麗梅1,喬國昱2,王寶林1,高翠紅1,張雙1
(1.河北省唐山市婦幼保健院檢驗(yàn)科,河北 唐山 063000;2.河北省唐山市協(xié)和醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,河北 唐山 063000)
目的檢測手足口病(HFMD)合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(CNS)感染患兒腦脊液(CSF)和血清S100B、神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平,并探討其臨床意義。方法收集臨床確診的HFMD合并CNS感染病例94例,分別根據(jù)患兒感染病毒類型、CSF白細(xì)胞(WBC)計(jì)數(shù)(≥15×106/L)、WBC分類、合并CNS感染時(shí)間(≤2 d)進(jìn)行分組。采用ELISA法分別檢測S100B、NSE水平。結(jié)果病例組血清S100B和NSE水平均高于對(duì)照組(P=0.000);與感染腸道病毒類型無關(guān)(P>0.05)?;純貉搴虲NS中S100B、NSE水平均呈正相關(guān)(P=0.000);S100B和NSE水平分別在相同標(biāo)本類型中呈正相關(guān)(P=0.000);不同CSF WBC計(jì)數(shù)、WBC分類組間血清S100B、NSE水平均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);患兒合并CNS感染時(shí)間越長,血清S100B、NSE水平越高(P=0.000)。血清S100B、NSE的ROC曲線下面積分別為0.825和0.812,敏感度為77.5%和73.6%,特異性為75.3%和76.5%。結(jié)論HFMD合并CNS感染患兒血清S100B、NSE水平能夠直接反映出中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷嚴(yán)重程度,對(duì)于判斷HFMD病情有重要價(jià)值。
手足口?。恢袠猩窠?jīng)系統(tǒng);S100B;神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶;血清
手足口病(hand foot and mouse disease,HFMD)是一種由多種腸道病毒引起的急性傳染病,病原體以柯薩奇病毒A組16型(coxsackievirus,CoxA16)和腸道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)最為常見。免疫功能弱的嬰幼兒易感染。輕者呈自限性,而重癥病例病情發(fā)展迅速,可引起中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(central nervous system,CNS)損害,導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)源性肺水腫和心肌損害[1],致殘致死率高。S100B和神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enlose,NSE)是能反映腦損傷程度和判斷預(yù)后的特異性指標(biāo)[2]。研究檢測HFMD合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染患兒腦脊液(cerebro-spinal fluid,CSF)和血清中S100B、NSE水平,并探討其臨床意義,為臨床診療及判斷預(yù)后提供實(shí)驗(yàn)室依據(jù)。
1.1 臨床資料
選取2011年5月-2014年5月期間在唐山市婦幼保健院感染性疾病科住院確診的HFMD合并CNS感染病例94例。其中男51例,女43例;年齡4月~6歲,平均(2.4±0.9)歲?;純貉适米咏?jīng)市疾控中心和醫(yī)院PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測,其中EV71病毒核酸陽性80例,CoxA16病毒核酸陽性14例。診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照衛(wèi)生部頒發(fā)的《手足口病診療指南》(2010年版)。對(duì)照組為同期住院的單純手足口病病例40例,其中男21例,女19例;年齡5個(gè)月~6歲,平均(2.5±0.9)歲。兩組在年齡、性別等比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。所選對(duì)象均排除既往有中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染性疾病或器質(zhì)性損傷病史者。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)?;純杭覍倬橥?。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 標(biāo)本采集及處理采集研究患者入院12 h內(nèi)的空腹靜脈血標(biāo)本3 ml,3 000 r/min離心10 min,分離血清,置入-20℃冰箱冷凍待檢。收集臨床無菌采集的HFMD患兒CSF標(biāo)本2 ml,用計(jì)數(shù)板進(jìn)行白細(xì)胞(white blood cell,WBC)計(jì)數(shù),再將CSF 3 000 r/min離心10 min,分離出上清液,置入-20℃冰箱冷凍待檢;將CSF WBC計(jì)數(shù)升高的標(biāo)本離心沉淀混勻,制成CSF涂片用于白細(xì)胞分類?;純篊SF根據(jù)WBC計(jì)數(shù)(≥15×106/L)分為升高組和正常組;根據(jù)WBC分類分為單個(gè)核細(xì)胞為主和多個(gè)核細(xì)胞為主;根據(jù)患兒合并CNS感染天數(shù)(≤2 d)將病例分組。
1.2.2 S100B和NSE檢測采用雙抗體夾心法(ELISA)分別檢測CSF和血清中S100B、NSE水平。試劑盒為上??ㄟ~舒生物科技有限公司產(chǎn)品,操作嚴(yán)格按說明書執(zhí)行。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料如符合正態(tài)分布用單因素方差分析,兩組間比較用t檢驗(yàn);如不符合正態(tài)分布用U檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)分析用Pearson相關(guān)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 病例組與對(duì)照組血清中S100B和NSE水平
病例組血清中S100B和NSE水平均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000);不同病毒感染組間血清中S100B和NSE水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
表1 病例組與對(duì)照組血清中S100B和NSE水平(ng/ml±s)
表1 病例組與對(duì)照組血清中S100B和NSE水平(ng/ml±s)
注:對(duì)照組與病例組1)S100B,2)NSE水平比較;EV71與Cox-A16組間3)S100B,4)NSE水平比較
組別例數(shù)S100BNSEF值P值對(duì)照組405.86±2.145.64±2.1767.951)0.0001)病例組9411.65±3.8611.17±3.9979.442)0.0002)EV718011.14±3.9611.58±3.910.0333)0.8553)CoxA161412.03±3.6611.35±4.330.1554)0.6954)
2.2 病例組腦脊液與血清中S100B、NSE水平相關(guān)性
患兒S100B水平在血清和腦脊液中呈正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(r=0.952,P=0.000),NSE水平在血清和腦脊液中呈正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(r= 0.949,P=0.000)。S100B和NSE水平在血清中呈正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(r=0.984,P=0.000),兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)在腦脊液中呈正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(r= 0.963,P=0.000);見圖1~4。
圖1 S100B水平在CSF和血清中的相關(guān)性
圖2 NSE水平在CSF和血清中的相關(guān)性
圖3 血清中S100B和NSE水平的相關(guān)性
圖4 CSF中S100B和NSE水平的相關(guān)性
2.3 不同腦脊液WBC計(jì)數(shù)、WBC分類、合并CNS感染天數(shù)患兒血清S100B、NSE水平
不同腦脊液WBC計(jì)數(shù)、WBC分類組間血清S100B、NSE水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)意義學(xué)(P>0.05);不同合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染天數(shù)與血清S100B、NSE水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000),且與合并天數(shù)呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.467,P=0.000和r=0.445,P= 0.000)。見表2。
表2 不同腦脊液WBC計(jì)數(shù)、WBC分類、合并CNS感染天數(shù)患兒血清S100B、NSE水平比較(ng/ml±s)
表2 不同腦脊液WBC計(jì)數(shù)、WBC分類、合并CNS感染天數(shù)患兒血清S100B、NSE水平比較(ng/ml±s)
注:1)分別為不同組間S100B水平比較;2)分別為不同組間NSE水平比較
6510.66±3.37 10.19±3.51 25.6761)0.0001)2914.90±3.63 14.37±3.86 22.7412)0.0002)組別WBC計(jì)數(shù)正常組升高組WBC分類單個(gè)核細(xì)胞為主中性粒細(xì)胞為主合并CNS感染天數(shù)≤2 d>2 d例數(shù)S100BNSEt值P值3811.89±3.46 11.02±3.39 0.0531)0.8191)5611.49±4.17 11.23±4.22 0.1522)0.6972)3311.29±3.98 11.21±3.65 0.3981)0.5351)2311.56±4.19 11.24±4.18 0.4702)0.4962)
圖5 血清中S100B、NSE預(yù)測HFMD合并CNS感染的ROC曲線
2.4 ROC曲線分析
ROC曲線比較血清中S100B、NSE對(duì)HFMD合并腦膜炎的預(yù)測價(jià)值(見圖5),S100B、NSE的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.825和0.812,兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的敏感性分別為77.5%和73.6%,特異性分別為75.3%和76.5%。見表3。
表3 ROC曲線比較血清中S100B、NSE對(duì)HFMD合并CNS感染的預(yù)測價(jià)值
手足口病是一種全球性傳染病,目前發(fā)現(xiàn)可引起手足口病的腸道病毒有20多種,其中主要為CoxA16和EV71,研究中EV71感染病例(85.1%)高于Cox-A16(14.9%),印證EV71易引發(fā)重癥病例[3],CoxA16感染也可合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病。
S100B是一種存在于中樞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)酸性鈣結(jié)合蛋白,具有調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞生長、能量代謝和參與細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)的作用,是膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)元相互作用的橋梁[4]。NSE是一種存在于神經(jīng)元和膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中的糖酵解酶,是目前評(píng)估腦損傷嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后的最敏感、特異性的生化指標(biāo)[5]。研究中HFMD合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染患兒血清中S100B、NSE水平均高于健康兒童,而在CoxA16和EV71感染組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;病例組中S100B、NSE分別在腦脊液和血清中呈正相關(guān)性,且兩種指標(biāo)水平分別在相同標(biāo)本中呈正相關(guān)性,表明血清中S100B和NSE水平均能夠直接反映出患者中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷的嚴(yán)重程度。
病歷資料顯示HFMD合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染多發(fā)生在病程第2~4天,臨床表現(xiàn)有精神差或嗜睡、頭痛、嘔吐、肢體抖動(dòng)、驚厥、昏迷、頸抵抗、肌張力異常等多樣性臨床表現(xiàn)[6-7],且手足口病重癥病例發(fā)病迅猛,常導(dǎo)致診療不及時(shí)而發(fā)展成危重病例,甚至死亡。而臨床上多進(jìn)行的腦脊液常規(guī)和生化檢查不能真實(shí)的反映患兒腦損傷程度。研究結(jié)果顯示,患兒血清S100B、NSE水平分別在不同腦脊液WBC計(jì)數(shù)組、WBC分類組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;結(jié)果顯示患兒合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染天數(shù)越長,血清中S100B、NSE水平越高,呈顯著正相關(guān),提示HFMD合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染持續(xù)時(shí)間越長,對(duì)腦損傷越嚴(yán)重,越易產(chǎn)生后遺癥[8]。有研究[9-10]表明,病毒、炎癥因子或外傷的持續(xù)作用導(dǎo)致膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)元破壞,使細(xì)胞水腫變性、壞死溶解,血腦屏障通透性增加,隨著腦脊液中S100B、NSE水平的升高,血液中S100B、NSE水平也升高。研究中血清中S100B、NSE的ROC曲線AUC結(jié)果顯示,血液S100B、NSE水平對(duì)預(yù)測HFMD合并中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染有較高的敏感性和特異性。
綜上所述,血清S100B、NSE水平能夠直接反映出患者中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷嚴(yán)重程度,對(duì)于判斷HFMD病情有重要意義,從而為指導(dǎo)臨床早期診療和控制重癥病例的發(fā)生發(fā)展提供實(shí)驗(yàn)室依據(jù)。采用血清S100B、NSE水平檢測評(píng)估患兒病情也減輕患兒及家屬對(duì)腦脊液采集過程中的痛苦和憂慮。
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(張蕾 編輯)
Detection of serum S100B and neuron-specific enolase levels in children with hand,foot and mouth disease complicated with central nervous system infection and its significance
Xiao-bo WANG1,Pan-yan DU1,Li-mei ZHAO1,Guo-yu QIAO2, Bao-lin WANG1,Cui-hong GAO1,Shuang ZHANG1
(1.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Maternal and Child Heath Care Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan,Hebei 063000,P.R.China;2.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Xiehe Hospital of Tangshan,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,P.R.China)
【Objective】To detect S100B and neuron-specific enolase(NSE)levels in serum and CSF of children with hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)complicated with central nervous system(CNS)infection and analyze the significance.【Methods】Totally 94 cases of HFMD children complicated with central nervous system infection were served as case group.And they were grouped according to the type of infected virus, the count of WBC in CSF(≥15×106/L),the classification of WBC and the period of combined central system infection(≤2 days),respectively.ELISA was performed to detect the levels of the S100B and NSE.【Results】The serum levels of S100B and NSE in the case group were higher than those in the control group(P=0.000), while there were no differences between the EV71-infected group and the CoxA16-infected group(P>0.05). The level of S100B was in a positive correlation with NSE both in serum(P=0.000)and CSF(P=0.000)of the case group;and the level of S100B in serum was in a positive correlation with that in CSF(P=0.000),also the level of NSE in serum was in a positive correlation with that in CSF(P=0.000).There were no differences in CSF levels of S100B and NSE between the groups with different WBC count or classification(P>0.05).The serum levels of S100B and NSE significantly increased in the HFDM children complicated with CNS infection for more than 2 days compared to those with CNS infection for 2 days or less(P=0.000).The areas under the ROC curves of the serum S100B and NSE were 0.825 and 0.812,the sensitivity was 77.5% and 73.6%,and the specificity was 75.3%and 76.5%,respectively.【Conclusions】Detection of S100B and NSE levels in serum can directly reflect the injury severity of central nervous system in children of HFMD complicated with central nervous system infection,and has an important value in estimation of HFMD state.
hand,foot and mouse disease;central nervous system;S100B;neuron-specific enolase;serum
R725.1
B
1005-8982(2015)30-0095-04
2015-02-23
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)雜志2015年30期