張渝

摘要：在寫(xiě)作教學(xué)中，教師可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察自己身邊熟悉的實(shí)物，進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作嘗試，這樣，不僅讓學(xué)生有話可寫(xiě)，而且可以提高他們的寫(xiě)作興趣，本文，筆者以課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐為例，簡(jiǎn)要介紹以觀察實(shí)物為主線，從明確寫(xiě)作任務(wù)，探討熟悉的實(shí)物，以圖促寫(xiě)到修改習(xí)作的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的一些做法。

關(guān)鍵詞：寫(xiě)作教學(xué);觀察實(shí)物;以圖促寫(xiě);修改習(xí)作

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：G623.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A ? ? 文章編號(hào)：1992-7711（2015）17-076-1

提高學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作興趣在小學(xué)階段是非常重要的，要讓學(xué)生有話可寫(xiě)，覺(jué)得寫(xiě)作并不困難。學(xué)生身邊的實(shí)物是他們非常熟悉的，因此以身邊實(shí)物為主線的話題寫(xiě)作十分有趣。本文筆者以課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐為例，簡(jiǎn)要介紹以觀察實(shí)物為主線的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的一些做法。具體教學(xué)過(guò)程如下：

1.上課伊始，教師用多媒休呈現(xiàn)一張學(xué)校照片與學(xué)生進(jìn)行交流，并明確告訴學(xué)生本課的教學(xué)任務(wù)是寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于my school的英語(yǔ)短文。

2.之后，教師和學(xué)生一起談一談學(xué)生自己所熟悉的學(xué)校，在談?wù)摰倪^(guò)程中，教師適時(shí)地對(duì)談?wù)搩?nèi)容進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié)。對(duì)話內(nèi)容如下：

T： We have a big and beautiful school. Do you like it？

S1： Yes， we do.

T： Whats in your school？

S1： There are three tall buildings and a big playground.

T： Yes. We study in the teaching building. Do you like your classroom？

S1： Yes. Its big and bright.

S2： There are some desks and chairs in it.

S3： There is a computer and a TV in it.

S4： There are some pictures and a bookcase in it.

S5： We study and play in it.

T： Oh， I see. You like your classroom. There are some some desks and chairs in it. There is a blackboard on the wall. Near the blackboard， there is a bookcase. In the bookcase， there are some books. There is a TV and some pictures on the wall. We can study and play in the classroom. Are you happy in the classroom？

Ss： Yes， we are.

……

3.教師讓學(xué)生用文字對(duì)自己所愛(ài)的學(xué)校進(jìn)行描述，之后小組內(nèi)成員相互閱讀交流，在交流的過(guò)程中，對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤或語(yǔ)言的合理優(yōu)美性進(jìn)行修改，通過(guò)口頭和書(shū)面表達(dá)相結(jié)合的方式幫助學(xué)生吸收并內(nèi)化自己的語(yǔ)言，發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性，并不斷提練寫(xiě)作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，完善自己的寫(xiě)作能力，培養(yǎng)綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力。趙紫妍同學(xué)的習(xí)作《My school》最終成稿內(nèi)容如下：

My school is big and new. There are many trees and flowers in it.

Look， There are three tall buildings. In the buildings， there are fortyeight clsaarooms， two large reading rooms， three music rooms， two art rooms， two computer rooms and some offices. I like the reading rooms best. There are lots of books， I can learn a lot from the books.

Near the buildings， there is a big playground. We often run， jump， play football and play games in it.

Little friends， Whats your school like？

4.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生觀察身邊的實(shí)物，積極思考，將所看所想以文字的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，提高學(xué)生寫(xiě)作興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作熱情，拓展學(xué)生寫(xiě)作思路，讓學(xué)生愿寫(xiě)作，愛(ài)寫(xiě)作。部分學(xué)生寫(xiě)作如下：

[學(xué)生寫(xiě)作1]A small house

I live in a small house with my parents. The house is bright and beautiful. There is a sittingroom， a kitchen， a bathroom and two bedrooms in my house. Now lets have a look at them. This the sittingroom. I often watch TV with my parents here. Look！ That is the kitchen. Next to it is the bathroom. These are two bedrooms. The big one is for my parents and the small one is for me. I dont have a study. So I always do my homework in my bedroom. In my bedroom， there is a desk and there are some books on it it. I like reading books.

I like my house very much.

[學(xué)生寫(xiě)作2]I like my pencilcase

I have a pencilcase. Its big and nice. On the pencilcase， there is a big green tree. It looks like a big unbrella. Under the tree， there is a dog and a cat. The dog has a guitar. He is playing the guitar. The cat has some flowers in her hands. She is singing and dancing. They look very happy.

I like the cute dog and the lovely cat. I like my pencilcase.

英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練是提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力的重要方式之一，是小學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的書(shū)面體現(xiàn)（沈國(guó)鋒，2009）。學(xué)生剛開(kāi)始習(xí)作的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣或那樣的問(wèn)題，教師要耐心細(xì)致地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從身邊的實(shí)物進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，減少學(xué)生寫(xiě)作難度，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作興趣，提高學(xué)生語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1]沈國(guó)鋒.基于教材的小學(xué)高年級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)實(shí)踐[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)（小學(xué)篇），2012（03）.