李艷鑫,王憲沛,2△,李文,曹虹,陳魯玉
草酸艾司西酞普蘭輔助心理干預對冠心病并發(fā)抑郁癥的療效分析
李艷鑫1,王憲沛1,2△,李文1,曹虹1,陳魯玉1
目的 探析草酸艾司西酞普蘭輔助心理療法治療冠心病并發(fā)抑郁癥的療效及預后。方法 將136例冠心病合并抑郁癥患者隨機均分為對照組和研究組。對照組給予常規(guī)藥物治療,研究組在此基礎上加用草酸艾司西酞普蘭并輔以心理療法,療程6個月。治療前、治療1周、1個月、3個月、6個月時采用HAMD量表測定HAMD評分。治療前和治療6個月后,采用循環(huán)酶法檢測同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)水平;采用世界衛(wèi)生組織生活質量評定量表(WHOQOL-BREF)評估患者生存質量。治療6個月后,評估患者心絞痛和抑郁癥狀改善情況。并隨訪患者心血管事件發(fā)生情況。結果 2組HAMD評分在治療后均呈下降趨勢,其中研究組治療后各時點HAMD評分均低于治療前;對照組除治療后1周與治療前差異無統(tǒng)計學意義外,其余時點均低于治療前;治療后各時點研究組均低于對照組。2組治療后Hcy、hs-CRP水平較治療前下降,且研究組低于對照組。2組治療后WHOQOL-BREF量表生理健康、心理狀態(tài)、社會關系、周圍環(huán)境的評分均高于治療前,研究組均高于對照組。研究組心絞痛、抑郁癥狀改善情況均優(yōu)于對照組,心絞痛、心肌梗死、心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性猝死等心血管事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組(χ2=9.396,P<0.05)。結論 草酸艾司西酞普蘭聯(lián)合心理療法治療冠心病合并抑郁癥療效顯著,預后較好。
冠心病;抑郁癥;心理療法;治療結果;預后;草酸艾司西酞普蘭
冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(冠心?。┒喟榘l(fā)抑郁,嚴重影響患者的機體功能和生活質量,抑郁可導致患者發(fā)生心源性猝死的概率增加,也是患者再發(fā)生心血管事件及影響其預后的獨立危險因素之一[1]。冠心病并發(fā)抑郁癥在發(fā)病過程中既有生物因素也有心理社會因素的作用,臨床研究證實,單純藥物、單純心理療法治療冠心病并發(fā)抑郁癥的療效均不佳,患者生活質量無明顯改善[2]。目前針對藥物輔助心理干預治療冠心病并發(fā)抑郁癥療效的相關報道尚不多見。本研究采用草酸艾司西酞普蘭聯(lián)合心理干預治療冠心病合并抑郁癥,取得顯著療效,現(xiàn)報告如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2012年3月—2014年3月期間河南省人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治的冠心病并發(fā)抑郁癥患者136例,其中男74例,女62例,年齡58~70歲,平均(67.32±4.24)歲。采用抽簽法將其隨機分為對照組和研究組,各68例。2組基線資料差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,見表1。入選標準:(1)經(jīng)心電圖、動態(tài)心電圖、心肌酶學檢查并參照WHO/國際心臟病學會制定的冠心病診斷標準確診,同時符合《中國精神障礙分類和診斷標準(CCMD-3)》中抑郁癥診斷標準[3]。(2)神志清楚,能配合檢查。(3)既往無精神障礙或抑郁癥等精神神經(jīng)病史。(4)既往無顱內(nèi)病變史。(5)對草酸艾司西酞普蘭無過敏反應者。(6)漢密爾頓抑郁量表(HAMD)總分≥18分。排除標準:(1)合并嚴重心、腦、肝、腎功能障礙及乙醇中毒。(2)嚴重腦器質性疾病。(3)合并嚴重感染性疾病。(4)妊娠及哺乳期婦女。(5)合并血液、免疫、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病以及惡性腫瘤。(6)既往有藥物濫用史。(7)同時或者篩選前1個月內(nèi)參與其他臨床藥物試驗者。(8)仍在服用抗抑郁藥者。本研究經(jīng)河南省人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準,患者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 治療方法 對照組給予常規(guī)藥物治療;研究組在對照組基礎上加用草酸艾司西酞普蘭(四川科倫藥業(yè)有限公司,國藥準字:H20080788),首次劑量為5 mg/d,早飯后口服,如療效不佳,治療2或3周后適當增加日劑量,最高日劑量為20 mg,總療程為6個月。同時由溝通能力較強,護師以上職稱,且具備國家心理咨詢師資質的護士給予患者個體化心理療法,如認知行為療法、陽性強化法、音樂療法、放松療法等單獨或者綜合運用,住院期間每天1次,出院后每周1次,每次不少于30 min。
1.3 同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)水平檢測 于治療前和治療6個月后檢測患者Hcy、hs-CRP水平。早晨8:00空腹采集肘正中靜脈血3 mL,注入EDTA抗凝血管,混勻后靜置30 min,3 000 r/min離心分離血清和血漿于EP管,使用美國貝克曼庫爾特AU5800全自動生化分析儀和德賽診斷系統(tǒng)有限公司生產(chǎn)試劑盒,采用循環(huán)酶法檢測Hcy、hs-CRP水平,檢測嚴格遵循說明書操作。同時動態(tài)監(jiān)測患者尿常規(guī)、肝腎功能、血脂、血糖以及12導聯(lián)心電圖,觀察評估病情發(fā)展情況。
1.4 療效評價標準 治療前、治療1周、1月、3個月、6個月時采用HAMD量表測定HAMD評分。療程結束(治療6個月)后,根據(jù)HAMD評分評估患者抑郁癥狀改善情況,減分率=(治療前總分-治療后總分)/治療前總分,將療效分為痊愈(減分率≥75%)、顯效(50%≤減分率<75%)、有效(25%≤減分率<50%)、無效(減分率<25%)[4];評估心絞痛改善情況:心絞痛消失或者發(fā)作頻數(shù)減少超過80%為顯效;心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)減少50%~80%為有效;未達到上述有效標準或者病情惡化者為無效[5];同時采用不良反應量表(TESS)評價藥物不良反應[5]。另外,治療前和治療6個月后采用世界衛(wèi)生組織生活質量評定量表簡表(WHO Qualiy of Life Brief Scale,WHOQOL-BREF)從生理健康、心理狀態(tài)、社會關系、周圍環(huán)境4個方面評估患者的生存質量[6]。
1.5 隨訪 療程結束后采用電話隨訪或者定期門診復查,觀察患者心絞痛、心肌梗死、心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性猝死等心血管事件發(fā)生情況,隨訪截止日期為2014年8月31日。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學方法 采用SPSS 18.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析,計量資料采用(±s)表示,多組間比較行重復測量設計的方差分析,組間多重比較行LSD-t檢驗;2組間比較行t檢驗,治療前后比較行配對t檢驗;計數(shù)資料采用例(%)表示,組間比較行χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 2組治療前、后Hcy、hs-CRP水平比較 2組治療后Hcy、hs-CRP水平較治療前均明顯下降(均P<0.05);治療前2組Hcy、hs-CRP水平差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,治療后研究組均明顯低于對照組(均P<0.05),見表2。
Tab.1 Comparison of clinical data between two groups of patients表1 2組患者一般臨床資料比較 (n=68)
2.2 治療前、后各時點HAMD評分比較 (1)組內(nèi)比較:2組HAMD評分在治療后均呈下降趨勢。其中研究組治療后各時點HAMD評分均低于治療前(均P<0.05);對照組除治療后1周與治療前差異無統(tǒng)計學意義外,其余時點均低于治療前(均P<0.05)。(2)組間比較:除治療前2組HAMD評分差異無統(tǒng)計學意義外,治療后各時點研究組均低于對照組(均P<0.05)。見表3。
Tab.2 Comparison of Hcy and hs-CRP levels before and after treatment between two groups表2 2組患者治療前、后Hcy、hs-CRP水平的比較(n=68,±s)
Tab.2 Comparison of Hcy and hs-CRP levels before and after treatment between two groups表2 2組患者治療前、后Hcy、hs-CRP水平的比較(n=68,±s)
t1為組內(nèi)比較,t2為組間比較;*P<0.05
組別對照組研究組t1治療后9.86±3.28 6.26±2.25 7.464*5.880*10.416*t1 2.936*8.842*t2 Hcy(μmol/L)治療前14.95±6.34 15.02±6.56 0.063 hs-CRP(mg/L)治療前10.18±5.24 10.20±4.86 0.023治療后7.96±3.38 4.32±2.54 7.099*
Tab.3 Comparison of HAMD scores at different time points before and after treatment between two groups表3 2組患者治療前、后各時點HAMD評分的比較 (n=68,分,±s)
Tab.3 Comparison of HAMD scores at different time points before and after treatment between two groups表3 2組患者治療前、后各時點HAMD評分的比較 (n=68,分,±s)
*P<0.05;a與治療前比較,P<0.05
組別對照組研究組t治療前21.28±9.15 20.75±7.98 0.360治療后1周20.85±9.08 17.45±6.52a2.508*治療1個月16.28±5.26a13.58±4.56a3.198*治療3個月12.58±5.26a9.27±3.58a4.290*治療6個月9.78±5.16a7.05±3.86a3.494*F 50.651*64.600*
Tab.4 Comparative analysis of the efficacy in two groups表4 2組患者療效的比較 (n=68)
2.3 臨床療效分析 研究組心絞痛和抑郁癥狀改善情況均明顯優(yōu)于對照組(均P<0.05),見表4。2組患者治療期間血尿常規(guī)、大便常規(guī)、肝腎功能均未見異常,研究組中僅2例患者出現(xiàn)輕微頭暈、惡心、腹部不適,經(jīng)對癥治療后痊愈,不影響治療。
2.4 2組治療前、后生存質量情況比較 2組患者治療后WHOQOL-BREF量表生理健康、心理狀態(tài)、社會關系、周圍環(huán)境4個方面的評分均高于治療前(均P<0.05);治療前2組生理健康、心理狀態(tài)、社會關系、周圍環(huán)境4個方面的評分差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,治療后研究組均明顯高于對照組(均P<0.05),見表5。
2.5 隨訪結果 隨訪3~12個月,平均隨訪(8.75± 2.38)個月,無失訪病例。研究組心絞痛、心肌梗死、心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性猝死等心血管事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組(χ2=9.396,P<0.05),見表6。
Tab.5 Comparison of WHOQOL-BREF score before and after treatment between two groups of patients表5 2組患者治療前后WHOQOL-BREF各方面評分的比較 (n=68,分,±s)
Tab.5 Comparison of WHOQOL-BREF score before and after treatment between two groups of patients表5 2組患者治療前后WHOQOL-BREF各方面評分的比較 (n=68,分,±s)
t1為組內(nèi)比較,t2為組間比較;*P<0.05
t1組別對照組研究組8.852*14.738*治療后14.35±3.08 17.14±2.16 6.116*生理健康治療前9.52±3.28 9.85±3.46 0.571 t1 9.643*13.886*t2心理狀態(tài)治療前11.85±1.68 12.24±1.63 1.374治療后15.05±2.16 15.73±1.28 2.233*組別對照組研究組治療后15.02±1.67 16.52±2.19 4.491*社會關系治療前13.05±2.46 13.35±2.43 0.715 t1 t1 5.464*7.991*10.230*17.919*t2周圍環(huán)境治療前12.16±1.58 12.14±1.52 0.075治療后15.48±2.16 16.75±1.48 4.000*
Tab.6 Comparison of incidence of cardiovascular events during the follow-up period between two groups表6 2組患者隨訪期間心血管事件發(fā)生情況的比較[n=68,例(%)]
抑郁癥作為冠心病發(fā)病的獨立危險因素及冠心病死亡的獨立預測因子,其發(fā)生可能與腦5-羥色胺(5-HT)水平降低、去甲腎上腺素能系統(tǒng)功能降低、5-HT的神經(jīng)信號傳導功能障礙相關[7]。草酸艾司西酞普蘭是西酞普蘭的S-異構體代謝產(chǎn)物,是西酞普蘭發(fā)揮藥理活性的主要成分,可選擇性、高效、劑量依賴性抑制5-HT轉運體,其作用約為西酞普蘭右旋對映體作用的100倍,進而抑制中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)神經(jīng)末梢突觸前5-HT再攝取,進而發(fā)揮較強的抗抑郁作用[8]。同時其對5-HT1A、5-HT2、多巴胺D1、多巴胺D2、腎上腺素能受體、組胺H1以及膽堿能受體具有極低或者無親和力,患者耐受性高,對心血管系統(tǒng)無明顯反應,具有較強的抗抑郁作用,適用于軀體疾病伴抑郁且需多種藥物合用者。同時,草酸艾司西酞普蘭還具有抗血小板聚集、保護內(nèi)皮功能、減輕炎癥反應,進而防治動脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,穩(wěn)定斑塊;另外,其還能有效穩(wěn)定心肌耗氧量,進而改善冠脈供血,減輕冠脈癥狀。近年來研究證實,草酸艾西酞普蘭能明顯促進海馬細胞的生長,進而增強抗抑郁效果[9]。本次研究結果顯示,研究組心絞痛和抑郁癥狀改善情況均明顯優(yōu)于對照組,與呂雄勝[10]報道結果一致。有研究表明抑郁癥患者體內(nèi)Hcy、hs-CRP等炎性因子水平明顯高于正常組,且其與抑郁程度呈正相關,導致炎性反應和免疫活性改變,進而影響冠心病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[11]。本研究結果顯示,2組治療后Hcy、hs-CRP水平較治療前均明顯下降;治療前2組Hcy、hs-CRP水平差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,但治療后研究組均明顯低于對照組,提示有效的抗抑郁治療能顯著降低血漿Hcy、hs-CRP水平,減輕機體炎性反應,提高免疫活性。本研究中僅研究組有2例出現(xiàn)輕微頭暈、惡心、腹部不適等不良反應,無肝腎功能損害,可能與用藥期間注重加強肝腎功能監(jiān)測,必要時給予保肝藥物治療有關[12]。另外,隨訪期間研究組心血管事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組,與趙清珍等[13]研究結果一致。在藥物治療基礎上輔以心理療法,經(jīng)過專業(yè)的心理疏導能顯著改善患者的不良情緒,提高患者對疾病的認知度,增強戰(zhàn)勝疾病的信心,可有效緩解患者抑郁癥狀。本研究中2組HAMD評分在治療后均呈下降趨勢,其中研究組治療后各時點HAMD評分均低于治療前,對照組除治療后1周與治療前差異無統(tǒng)計學意義外,其余時點均低于治療前;與董雅娟等[14]報道結果基本一致。本研究結果顯示,2組患者治療6個月后在WHOQOL-BREF量表生理健康、心理狀態(tài)、社會關系、周圍環(huán)境4個方面的評分均明顯高于治療前,且研究組明顯高于對照組,提示草酸艾司西酞普蘭輔以心理療法能顯著改善患者抑郁情緒,提高患者認知社交能力,緩解軀體和精神痛苦,進而改善其生存質量,與董艷豐等[15]研究結果一致。
綜上所述,草酸艾司西酞普蘭輔以心理療法治療冠心病合并抑郁癥,可顯著改善患者的臨床癥狀及抑郁狀態(tài),降低機體炎癥反應的嚴重程度、不良反應和心血管事件的發(fā)生率,提高患者的生存質量。
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(2014-12-09收稿 2015-01-14修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)
Analysis of auxiliary effect of oxalic acid Ai Sciplan auxiliary effect assisted with psychological intervention on coronary heart disease complicated with depression
LI Yanxin1,WANG Xianpei1,2△,LI Wen1,CAO Hong1,CHEN Luyu1
1 Henan Provincial Chest Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,China;2 Henan Province People’s Hospital
△Corresponding Author E-mail:xianpeiwang@163.com
Objective To investigate the curative effects of oxalic acid Ai Sciplan in assisting psychological therapy for coronary heart disease accompanied with depression.Methods A total of 136 patients of coronary heart disease with depression were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The routine drug treatment was given to control group.Treatment group was given oxalic acid Ai Sciplan which is assisted by the psychological therapy based on the routine drug treatment schedule for six months.HAMD score before treatment,one-week,one-month,3-month and 6-month after treatment were compared between two groups.Homocysteine(Hcy)and high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels were detected by circulating enzymatic method before treatment and 6-month after treatment.The WHO quality of life scale(WHOQOL-BREF)was used to assess the quality of life in two groups of patients.The improvements of angina and depressive symptoms were evaluated after 6-month treatment.The cardiovascular events were followed up in two groups.Results HAMD scores significantly decreased after treatment in both groups(P<0.05).HAMD scores at all different time points were significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment in treatment group.In control group,HAMD scores at different time points were also significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment,except time point of one week after treatment.The levels of Hcy and hs-CRP were decreased after treatment in two groups,and the levels were lower in treatment group than those of control group.Values of WHOQOL-BREF score,mental status,social relations and the surrounding environment scores were higher after treatment in both groups.Also they are higher in treatment group than that of control group.The angina and depressive symptoms were improved in treatment group.The incidences of angina,myocardial infarction,arrhythmia,heart failure,sudden cardiac death and other cardiovascular events were significantly lower in treatment group than those of control group(χ2=9.396,P<0.05).Conclusion Escitalopram oxalate combined with psychological therapy shows a significant beneficial effect and a better prognosis in the treatment of coronary heart disease and depression.
coronary disease;depressive disorder;psychotherapy;treatment outcome;prognosis;oxalic acid Ai Sciplan
R749.42,R541.4
A DOI:10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.025
國家自然科學基金項目(U1204801);河南省科技廳科技攻關項目(142102310427)
1河南省胸科醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科(郵編450000);2河南省人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科
李艷鑫(1975),女,主管護師,國家二級心理咨詢師,碩士在讀,主要從事心血管疾病治療與護理方面的研究
△E-mail:xianpeiwang@163.com