張貴寧
[摘要] 目的 研究曲伏前列素聯(lián)合卡替洛爾對原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼(PAGG)患者術(shù)后高眼壓的降壓效果。 方法 選擇2012年4月~2013年4月在我院接受治療的PACG患者64例(64只眼)作為研究對象。根據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分成曲伏前列素組及卡替洛爾組兩組,曲伏前列素組使用0.004%的曲伏前列素實施治療,卡替洛爾組使用2%的卡替洛爾實施治療,對比兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況,兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率,兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率。 結(jié)果 兩組治療后的眼壓值均分別顯著低于各組治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。但兩組治療前后的組間眼壓值相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。曲伏前列素組治療前后眼壓差值與治療后眼壓下降的百分率均顯著大于卡替洛爾組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。根據(jù)Spearman法分析相關(guān)性可知,治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率與前房角開放程度均無明顯相關(guān)性。 結(jié)論 曲伏前列素與卡替洛爾均可用于降低PACG患者術(shù)后的高眼壓,但曲伏前列素的藥效更佳,值得在臨床上推廣應用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 曲伏前列素;卡替洛爾;原發(fā)性;閉角型青光眼;術(shù)后高眼壓;降眼壓作用
[中圖分類號] R775.2 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 2095-0616(2015)11-54-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate antihypertensive effect analysis of travoprost combined carteolol in the treatment of high intraocular pressure of primary angle closure glaucoma patients after operation. Methods 64 patients(64 eyes)with PACG from April 2012 to April 2013 to accept the treatment in our hospital as the research object.According to the figures were randomly divided into a travoprost group and a carteolol group,the travoprost group was used 0.004% travoprost for treatment,the carteolol group was used 2% carteolol for treatment,intraocular pressure changes before and after treatment,percentage between the two groups before and after treatment and after treatment of intraocular pressure difference of intraocular pressure drop,the percentage of two groups of varying degrees of anterior chamber angle open patients before and after intraocular pressure difference after treatment and intraocular pressure drop were compared. Results Intraocular pressure after the treatment in the two groups was significantly lower than the values of each group before treatment, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).But the two groups before and after treatment between the groups compared with intraocular pressure value,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The percentage of travoprost group before and after treatment, intraocular pressure difference and intraocular pressure decreased after treatment were significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The percentage difference between the two groups with different levels of anterior chamber angle open patients before and after intraocular pressure difference and intraocular pressure decreased after treatment had no statistical significance(P>0.05).According to correlation analysis showed that Spearman method,the percentage of anterior chamber intraocular pressure difference before and after treatment and after treatment and the degree of opening of the intraocular pressure decreased angle had no obvious correlation. Conclusion Travoprost and carteolol can be used to reduce the high intraocular pressure in patients with PACG after operation, but the travoprost effect is better,and it is worthy of clinical application.
[Key words] Travoprost;Carteolol;Primary;Angle closure glaucoma;High intraocular pressure after surgery;Intraocular pressure lowering effect
目前,使用激光周邊虹膜切除手術(shù)或小梁切除術(shù)等方案治療原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)在臨床上已廣泛應用,且療效較好。但由于接受手術(shù)的部分患者術(shù)后可能有眼壓升高的癥狀,形成殘余型青光眼。需要接受藥物再治療,從而使患者的眼壓維持在正常范圍[1]。臨床上,有諸多報道涉及使用前列腺素類藥物對PACG的術(shù)后治療情況[2],但關(guān)于曲伏前列素與卡替洛爾的療效對比研究較少,本研究對此展開分析,以期尋找療效更佳的藥物。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2012年4月~2013年4月在我院接受治療的PACG患者64例(64只眼)作為研究對象。男25例,女39例。年齡49~80歲,平均(64.3±2.5)歲。視力為0.12~1.2,平均(0.65±0.35)。納入標準[3]:(1)手術(shù)后未經(jīng)藥物治療或者經(jīng)過藥物的洗脫期后患者眼壓>21mm Hg,同時≤35mm Hg者;(2)患者視力≥0.1者;(3)經(jīng)裂隙燈檢查顯示角膜正常;(4)年齡≥40歲者。排除標準[4]:(1)PACG瞳孔阻滯未得到解除者;(2)激光周邊虹膜切除手術(shù)后經(jīng)前房角鏡診斷顯示患者未粘連前房角依舊狹窄,暗室超聲活體顯微鏡顯示有前房角的接觸性關(guān)閉亦或是暗室試驗呈陽性者;(3)有葡萄膜炎等其他類眼內(nèi)病癥者;(4)接受其他類內(nèi)眼手術(shù)者;(5)含眼外傷病史者;(6)對研究藥物發(fā)生過敏者;(7)嚴重的心血管系統(tǒng)等病癥。根據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分成曲伏前列素組及卡替洛爾組兩組,每組各含32例(32只眼)。其中曲伏前列素組中含男13例,女19例。年齡49~76歲,平均(63.8±2.4)歲。視力為0.12~1.1,平均(0.63±0.21)。左眼18例,右眼14例。接受激光周邊虹膜切除手術(shù)者16例,小梁切除術(shù)者16例??ㄌ媛鍫柦M中含男12例,女20例。年齡50~80歲,平均(63.9±2.2)歲。視力為0.13~1.2,平均(0.64±0.25)。左眼15例,右眼17例。接受激光周邊虹膜切除手術(shù)者18例,小梁切除術(shù)者14例。兩組患者在性別、年齡、視力、患眼位置及手術(shù)類型等方面相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。具有可比性。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 前房角鏡檢查 依次對患者的上、下、鼻、顳等四個象限實施靜態(tài)觀察,選擇Scheie分級法進行,將患者前房角分成寬角(W)及窄Ⅰ~Ⅳ級(N1~N4級)。而后根據(jù)動態(tài)檢查技術(shù),將可見鞏膜突作為前房角是否開放的有關(guān)標準,對各方向的前房角開放情況及開放范圍進行記錄。
1.2.2 藥物治療 曲伏前列素組使用0.004%的曲伏前列素實施治療,1滴/次,1次/d,晚間用藥。卡替洛爾組使用2%的卡替洛爾實施治療,1滴/次,2次/d。分別在治療前以及治療1周后使用Goldmann眼壓計測定患者的眼壓,進行記錄對比。
1.3 觀察指標
對比兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況,兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率,兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析,計量資料以()表示,采用t檢驗,采用Spearman法分析相關(guān)性,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況比較
兩組治療后的眼壓值均分別顯著低于各組治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。但兩組治療前后的組間眼壓值相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率比較
曲伏前列素組的治療前后眼壓差值與治療后眼壓下降的百分率均顯著大于卡替洛爾組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。
2.3 兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率比較
兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表3。根據(jù)Spearman法分析相關(guān)性可知,治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率與前房角開放程度均無明顯相關(guān)性(r=0.146,0.273,0.112,0.184;P=0.063,0.182,0.143,0.058)。
3 討論
臨床上,PACG患者一經(jīng)確診,則需盡快給予手術(shù)治療,但手術(shù)后依然有部分患者會出現(xiàn)眼壓上升的癥狀,給予此類患者藥物治療十分必要。關(guān)于前列腺素類藥物治療PACG手術(shù)后高眼壓的報道,臨床上較為多見[5]。但對于曲伏前列素以及卡替洛爾的對比治療研究,則鮮有報道,本研究即通過對這兩種藥物在PACG術(shù)后高眼壓的治療效果進行對比分析,旨在選擇更具療效的臨床治療方案。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),兩組治療后的眼壓值均分別顯著低于各組治療前,但兩組治療前后的組間眼壓值相比,差異均不顯著。提示使用曲伏前列素或卡替洛爾治療PACG術(shù)后高眼壓,均可較好地降低眼壓值,但單純比較眼壓值,無法區(qū)分二者間更具優(yōu)勢者。進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),曲伏前列素組治療前后眼壓差值與治療后眼壓下降的百分率均顯著大于對照組,這表明治療前后利用眼壓差值以及治療后眼壓下降的百分率,則可較好地判斷曲伏前列素或卡替洛爾的療效,本研究結(jié)果顯示曲伏前列素的降眼壓效果較卡替洛爾更佳,符合國外Yao等[6]的報道結(jié)果。究其原因,本研究認為這可能是因為曲伏前列素作為選擇性的前列腺素FP型受體激動劑,在滴眼后,分子結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)α-與ω-碳鏈戊烯環(huán)能夠協(xié)助其穿透患者的角膜,進而被酶分解成自由酸形式,使睫狀肌及小梁網(wǎng)細胞內(nèi)FP受體被激活,促進了基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶的合成,此外,分解了睫狀肌細胞外有關(guān)基質(zhì)成分,增加其肌間隙,減少葡萄膜與鞏膜有關(guān)房水外流主要途徑的阻力,最終獲得降壓效果[7-9]。同時,曲伏前列素還可對小梁網(wǎng)細胞產(chǎn)生作用,增大患者壓力敏感途徑性房水流出,從而發(fā)揮降壓效果。
本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率差異均不顯著。且根據(jù)Spearman法分析相關(guān)性可知,治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率與前房角開放程度均無明顯相關(guān)性。表明前房角開放的程度對患者應用曲伏前列素或卡替洛爾治療的療效并無影響,滿足國外Hong等[10-11]的報道結(jié)果,該報道指出,對實施手術(shù)治療后的PACG患者,依照前房角的關(guān)閉程度,依次分成0~4個鐘點,4~8個鐘點,以及8~12個鐘點進行關(guān)閉,在接受前列素眼液治療后,患者眼壓下降的百分率及眼壓下降10%者的比例均無明顯差異。原因可能在于手術(shù)后曲伏前列素作用在患者殘余前房角開放處,而此區(qū)域只要獲得一定程度的開放,即不會影響藥效發(fā)揮[12]。亦或是藥物經(jīng)前房角以外處區(qū)域產(chǎn)生作用。但由于本研究樣本量較少,這值得進一步大樣本容量的深入研究。
綜上所述,曲伏前列素與卡替洛爾均可用于降低PACG患者術(shù)后的高眼壓,但曲伏前列素的藥效更佳,值得在臨床上推廣應用。
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(收稿日期:2015-03-03)