張玥等
摘要
從1984年到2014年,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)”)建設(shè)發(fā)展歷經(jīng)30年,已成為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量。但作為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)最為集中的區(qū)域之一,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)不可避免地成為我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)和節(jié)能減排的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域。本文對(duì)近幾年國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,土地資源、水資源和能源的利用情況,以及污染排放情況進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明:國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持高速持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),且年均增速大幅高于全國(guó)年均增速水平。此外,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)土地占地,水資源和綜合能源消耗總量分別占全國(guó)的0.15%,1.9%和2.2%,COD和SO2排放量占全國(guó)排放總量的0.8%和0.6%,但同時(shí)創(chuàng)造了占全國(guó)8.7%的地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值和占全國(guó)15.6%的工業(yè)增加值。國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)以較小的土地占地,較少的水資源、能源消耗量,較低的污染排放量,對(duì)我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。資源、能源消耗和污染排放強(qiáng)度均大幅領(lǐng)先于全國(guó)水平。2007-2011年,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)水資源和能源消耗總量小幅增長(zhǎng),但其消耗強(qiáng)度明顯下降,年均降幅分別為15.3%和14.9%;單位土地面積經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出年均增長(zhǎng)8.6%;污染物COD和SO2排放量年均降幅分別為6.9%和8.8%,其排放強(qiáng)度年均降幅分別為28.0%和23.2%,且各項(xiàng)年均降幅都顯著高于全國(guó)年均削減幅度。因此,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,資源、能源優(yōu)化利用和污染減排方面走在全國(guó)前列,其綠色發(fā)展成效顯著。在我國(guó)工業(yè)園區(qū)綠色、低碳和循環(huán)發(fā)展實(shí)踐中,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)發(fā)揮著重要的引領(lǐng)和示范帶動(dòng)作用。
關(guān)鍵詞國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū);綠色發(fā)展;經(jīng)濟(jì)績(jī)效;資源環(huán)境績(jī)效
中圖分類號(hào)X22文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)1002-2104(2015)06-0012-05doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2015.06.003
1984年,在總結(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)[1]成功發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院做出建立國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)”)的決定[2],首批14個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)在我國(guó)東南沿海地區(qū)建設(shè)[3]。到2014年,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)歷經(jīng)30年建設(shè)發(fā)展,數(shù)量已增長(zhǎng)到218個(gè),涉及地區(qū)也由首批14個(gè)沿海開(kāi)放城市擴(kuò)展到全國(guó)31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市。國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、吸引外資、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等方面都走在全國(guó)前列,是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量,是地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)極[4]。
近年來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng),使資源環(huán)境付出了沉重的代價(jià),自然環(huán)境受到嚴(yán)重污染和破壞。黨的十八大報(bào)告指出,要“大力推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)”,“推進(jìn)綠色發(fā)展、循環(huán)發(fā)展、低碳發(fā)展”。國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)作為我國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的窗口,是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最活躍和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)最為集中的區(qū)域之一,不可避免地成為我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)和節(jié)能減排工作的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,是我國(guó)工業(yè)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要實(shí)踐區(qū)。
1工業(yè)園區(qū)綠色發(fā)展績(jī)效評(píng)估研究現(xiàn)狀
綠色發(fā)展的概念是相對(duì)于工業(yè)化時(shí)代傳統(tǒng)的以生態(tài)、環(huán)境、資源破壞為代價(jià)的黑色發(fā)展方式提出的。綠色發(fā)展是強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間統(tǒng)一與協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,是一條更加積極的、以人為本的可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路[5]。
2010年我國(guó)推出中國(guó)綠色發(fā)展指數(shù)及其指標(biāo)測(cè)算體系,用以測(cè)度中國(guó)綠色發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,以及各地區(qū)綠色發(fā)展的進(jìn)展[6]。中國(guó)綠色發(fā)展指數(shù)的核心是突出綠色與發(fā)展的結(jié)合,既要衡量資源承載能力與環(huán)境保護(hù)水平,也要衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況。中國(guó)綠色發(fā)展指數(shù)適用于同等條件不同區(qū)域之間的綠色發(fā)展績(jī)效對(duì)比和評(píng)估,目前該指數(shù)已應(yīng)用于國(guó)家、各省和地區(qū)的綠色發(fā)展進(jìn)展評(píng)價(jià),而本文擬評(píng)價(jià)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)整體的綠色發(fā)展績(jī)效,不適用該指數(shù)法。
與此相關(guān)的方法或研究還包括:商務(wù)部推出“國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)綜合發(fā)展水平評(píng)價(jià)辦法”,并利用該方法每年對(duì)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的綜合發(fā)展水平進(jìn)行評(píng)估和排名。另外,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)綠色發(fā)展績(jī)效評(píng)估與生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)績(jī)效評(píng)估的研究方法和內(nèi)容較為接近,現(xiàn)有研究包括:①生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)績(jī)效評(píng)估或評(píng)價(jià)體系研究[7-12];②生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)典型要素的環(huán)境績(jī)效,如基于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施共享[13]、基于廢棄物資源化利用[14]的環(huán)境績(jī)效;③基于數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)生態(tài)效率研究[15]、DEA在生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用[16]等。這些研究對(duì)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)綠色發(fā)展績(jī)效評(píng)估具有一定的借鑒作用,但國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)現(xiàn)有指標(biāo)和數(shù)據(jù)較為有限,較難建立比較完善的綠色發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。同時(shí),績(jī)效指數(shù)、包絡(luò)分析以及針對(duì)園區(qū)建設(shè)的某一方面的績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)等方法,都更適用于不同工業(yè)園區(qū)之間績(jī)效的評(píng)價(jià)和比較,不適用于國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)整體的綠色發(fā)展績(jī)效評(píng)估。
國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色發(fā)展是由區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)、園區(qū)和社會(huì)多個(gè)層面協(xié)同作用,園區(qū)產(chǎn)生的綠色發(fā)展效益也是多因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。本文認(rèn)為,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的綠色發(fā)展績(jī)效評(píng)估應(yīng)結(jié)合綠色和發(fā)展兩個(gè)方面,著重評(píng)價(jià)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展績(jī)效和資源、環(huán)境績(jī)效,以此綜合表征國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的綠色發(fā)展成果。
2研究方法與數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源
2.1評(píng)估方法
通過(guò)分析國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展總量,資源、能源利用總量和污染排放總量分別占全國(guó)的相應(yīng)比例,以及國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)資源、能源利用和污染排放強(qiáng)度平均水平與全國(guó)相應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的對(duì)比,表征國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和資源、環(huán)境的貢獻(xiàn)。
同時(shí),以2006年之前已建成的54家國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)為對(duì)象,分析其2007-2011年間,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,資源、能源利用和污染排放等方面的變化趨勢(shì)以及五年年均變化率與全國(guó)相應(yīng)年均變化率的比較,表征國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)和資源、環(huán)境績(jī)效的年度變化趨勢(shì)和速率。
由于國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)涉及我國(guó)東中西部地區(qū)、多種產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和類型的工業(yè)園區(qū),園區(qū)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)和發(fā)達(dá)程度參差不齊,個(gè)別園區(qū)發(fā)展差距較大。因此,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)極差較大,且極大、極小值偏多,其算術(shù)平均值與國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)平均水平偏離較大,因此本文選用中位數(shù)來(lái)表征國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的平均水平。
2.2數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源
文中以2007-2013年為研究時(shí)段,相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)主要來(lái)源于歷年國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)綜合發(fā)展水平評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù),國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局年度統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),中國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)協(xié)會(huì)(網(wǎng)站),中國(guó)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)和邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)(網(wǎng)站)等。
3國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)績(jī)效評(píng)估
2013年,210家國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)總體發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)良好。實(shí)現(xiàn)地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值69 063億元,工業(yè)增加值47 987億元,財(cái)政收入12 702億元,稅收收入10 932億元,進(jìn)出口總額7 761億美元,分別占全國(guó)相應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的11.7%,22.1%,9.8%,9.9%和18.7%,分別比上年同期增長(zhǎng)15.2%、14.7%、13.3%、11.6%和4.7%。國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量在全國(guó)占有相當(dāng)大的比重,且保持高速增長(zhǎng),是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)極。
2007-2011年,54個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值、工業(yè)增加值、稅收收入、進(jìn)出口總額以及實(shí)際利用外資金額的平均水平均呈上升趨勢(shì),且各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)五年年均增長(zhǎng)率均明顯高于全國(guó)相應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)的年均增長(zhǎng)率,見(jiàn)表1。
國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的建設(shè)和發(fā)展為我國(guó)貢獻(xiàn)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,且以高于全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速的水平保持快速、持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng),有力地推進(jìn)了我國(guó)新型工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化和對(duì)外開(kāi)放的進(jìn)程,對(duì)于促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到了巨大的引領(lǐng)和推動(dòng)作用,是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要支撐力量。
4國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)資源、環(huán)境績(jī)效評(píng)估
4.1國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)整體資源、環(huán)境績(jī)效
國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)土地資源、水資源、能源利用總量、主要污染物排放總量和經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出總量分別占全國(guó)相應(yīng)總量的比例,見(jiàn)圖1。國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)土地資源、水資源、能源利用強(qiáng)度以及污染物排放強(qiáng)度平均水平分別與全國(guó)各相應(yīng)強(qiáng)度對(duì)比,見(jiàn)表2。
2011年,131個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)占地面積占全國(guó)土地面積的0.15%,工業(yè)新鮮水消耗總量占全國(guó)工業(yè)新水取用總量的1.9%,綜合能源消耗總量占全國(guó)能源消耗總量的2.2%,COD 和SO2排放量分別占全國(guó)COD和SO2排放總面積地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值的51.5倍;單位工業(yè)增加值新鮮水耗平均水平和單位工業(yè)增加值綜合能耗平均水平分別比全國(guó)新鮮水耗強(qiáng)度和綜合能耗強(qiáng)度低74.1%和80.1%;單位工業(yè)增加值COD排放量平均水平和單位工業(yè)增加值SO2排放量平均水平分別僅占全國(guó)COD排放強(qiáng)度和SO2排放強(qiáng)度的6.2%和11.7%。
國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)單位經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出的資源、能源消耗量和污染排放量大幅低于全國(guó)水平,實(shí)現(xiàn)資源能源的高效利用和污染排放的有效控制。
4.2國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)資源、環(huán)境績(jī)效年度變化
表3為54個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)2007-2011年土地資源利用強(qiáng)度、水資源利用總量和強(qiáng)度,能源消耗總量和強(qiáng)度,COD排放總量和強(qiáng)度以及SO2排放總量和強(qiáng)度的平均水平,以及各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)五年年均變化率和全國(guó)年均變化率。
從表3可見(jiàn),2007-2011年國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)單位土地面積經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出平均水平持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),五年年均增長(zhǎng)率8.6%;水資源和能源消耗量小幅提升,但水資源消耗強(qiáng)度水平和能源消耗強(qiáng)度水平呈逐年顯著下降,五年年均降幅分別為15.3%和14.9%;污染物COD和SO2排放量和排放強(qiáng)度水平雙下降,其排放量的五年年均降幅分別為6.9%和8.8%,排放強(qiáng)度五年年均降幅分別為28.0%和23.2%。國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)資源、能源消耗強(qiáng)度,以及污染排放總量和強(qiáng)度都持續(xù)下降,且五年年均降低速率均明顯快于全國(guó)年均降速,因此,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)在資源優(yōu)化利用和節(jié)能減排方面走在全國(guó)前列,取得了顯著的資源環(huán)境績(jī)效,引領(lǐng)全國(guó)工業(yè)園區(qū)的綠色發(fā)展。
5結(jié)論與建議
30年來(lái),國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)的建設(shè)發(fā)展有利地推進(jìn)了我國(guó)新型工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化和對(duì)外開(kāi)放的進(jìn)程,成為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量,是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的重要載體。但與此同時(shí),工業(yè)發(fā)展,產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚帶來(lái)的環(huán)境污染、資源枯竭、環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等問(wèn)題日益突出,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)成為我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)和節(jié)能減排的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。本文從經(jīng)濟(jì)和資源環(huán)境兩方面分析了國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)綠色發(fā)展的績(jī)效。基本結(jié)論為國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)以較小的土地占地,較少的水資源、能源消耗量,較低的污染排放量,實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速、持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,且其資源、能源利用和污染排放強(qiáng)度均大幅領(lǐng)先于全國(guó)水平。2007-2011年國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)土地資源、水資源和能源消耗強(qiáng)度持續(xù)下降,且污染物COD和SO2的排放量和排放強(qiáng)度均顯著下降,各項(xiàng)年均降速均明顯快于全國(guó)年均降速。國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,同時(shí)在資源、能源優(yōu)化利用和污染減排方面取得了顯著成效,基本實(shí)現(xiàn)園區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與環(huán)境效益的雙贏,在我國(guó)綠色、低碳和循環(huán)發(fā)展方面具有突出的引領(lǐng)和示范帶動(dòng)作用。
目前,國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)資源、能源消耗強(qiáng)度持續(xù)降低,但水資源和能源消耗量呈持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),仍面臨著資源、能源供應(yīng)不足和環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。未來(lái)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)應(yīng)明確綠色發(fā)展方向,通過(guò)推進(jìn)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)實(shí)施清潔生產(chǎn),加快推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè),加強(qiáng)節(jié)能環(huán)保技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與國(guó)際合作等方式,逐步形成與區(qū)域資源、能源及環(huán)境容量相適應(yīng)、主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)特色優(yōu)勢(shì)突出的園區(qū)綠色發(fā)展新模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)園區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。我國(guó)有1 500余家工業(yè)園區(qū),且多數(shù)為欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的省級(jí)及以下的工業(yè)園區(qū)。隨著國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)數(shù)量的不斷增多,其綠色發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)于促進(jìn)我國(guó)其他工業(yè)園區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),提升我國(guó)工業(yè)的生態(tài)文明建設(shè)水平具有重要意義。未來(lái)綠色發(fā)展將成為工業(yè)園區(qū)的必然趨勢(shì)和選擇。
(編輯:劉照勝)
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AbstractFrom 1984 to 2014, the National Economic and Technical Development Zones (NETDZs) have developed for 30 years and have become an important strength for Chinas economic growth. However, as the concentrated areas of industrial production, the NETDZs inevitably became the key practice areas of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction. According to the data analysis of economy growth, resource consumption and pollution emission, it was found that the economy of the NETDZs grew rapidly and became an important support to promote and push Chinas economy. Whats more, in the NETDZs, the total area of land use, the consumption of fresh water and energy accounted for 0.15%, 1.9% and 2.2% of the countrys total consumption respectively. In the same time 8.7% of GDP and 15.6% of Industrial Added Value of the country were created by the NETDZs. So the rapid economic growth of the NETDZs had made a greater contribution to our countrys economy with fewer burdens on resource and environment. And the intensities of the NETDZs were significantly superior to the countrys level. In addition, the 54 NETDZs were applied to evaluate the annual change of green development performance from 2007 to 2011. During this period, water consumption and comprehensive energy consumption increased slightly, but their intensities decreased in annual by 15.3% and 14.9% respectively. Average annual growth rate of economic output per unit of land area was 8.6%. Meanwhile, COD emissions and its intensity decreased in annual by 6.9% and 28.0%. SO2 emissions and its intensity decreased in annual by 8.8% and 23.2%. All the average annual decrease rates of 54 NETDZs were higher than the national decrease rates. So the NETDZs achieved significant performance of green development, and would play a prominent role in leading our countrys green, lowcarbon and circular development.
Key wordsthe National Economic and Technical Development Zones; green development; economic performance; resources and environmental performance