李 曙, 洪 云, 胡再昌, 金 鑫, 孫盼盼, 聶劉旺, 周巖方
(1. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理學(xué)教研室, 2. 弋磯山醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學(xué)科, 3. 藥理學(xué)教研室, 安徽 蕪湖 241002;4. 安徽師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)院, 蕪湖 241000; 5. 溫州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬黃巖醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科, 浙江 臺州 318020)
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CD151在垂體腺瘤中的表達及意義*
李 曙1,4, 洪 云2, 胡再昌1, 金 鑫3, 孫盼盼3, 聶劉旺4, 周巖方5△
(1. 皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理學(xué)教研室, 2. 弋磯山醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學(xué)科, 3. 藥理學(xué)教研室, 安徽 蕪湖 241002;4. 安徽師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)院, 蕪湖 241000; 5. 溫州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬黃巖醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科, 浙江 臺州 318020)
目的:探討CD151在垂體腺瘤中的表達及意義。方法:收集36例垂體腺瘤標本,5例正常垂體組織,通過Real time-PCR、Western blot及免疫組化方法,從mRNA和蛋白水平檢測CD151在36例垂體腺瘤、5例正常垂體組織的表達。結(jié)果:Real time-PCR及Western blot、免疫組化發(fā)現(xiàn)CD151在垂體腫瘤組織中表達顯著高于正常垂體組織(P<0.01),在非侵襲性腺瘤和侵襲性腺瘤中的蛋白及mRNA表達量兩者之間有顯著差異(P<0.01)。結(jié)論:CD151的表達與腫瘤大小及侵襲程度相關(guān),表明CD151的表達與腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān),檢測CD151有可能預(yù)測垂體腺瘤預(yù)后的重要指標。
CD151;垂體腺瘤;Real time-PCR;Western blot;免疫組化
CD151屬于跨膜四蛋白超家族(transmenbrane 4 super family,TM4SF),通過與整合素的特異性結(jié)合,參與調(diào)控細胞黏附、遷移和增殖等眾多病理生理過程,研究證實[1], CD151在多種腫瘤中存在過表達,并且參與腫瘤的侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移,在多種惡性腫瘤中表達明顯增加,其表達水平與部分腫瘤的病理分級和臨床分期、預(yù)后[2-4]密切相關(guān),但在垂體腺瘤中的表達情況未見報道。我們通過檢測垂體腺瘤與正常垂體組織中CD151蛋白及mRNA的表達水平并分析其與垂體腺瘤臨床病理學(xué)因素的關(guān)系,探討CD151在垂體腺瘤中的作用。
1.1 組織
從皖南醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科,2011年5月至2014年5月手術(shù)切除的36例標本,術(shù)后病理證實為垂體腺瘤,取出后置液氮保存;男性16例,女性20例,年齡21~68歲,平均(42.5±7.8)歲。其中無功能腺瘤12例、PRL腺瘤10例、GH腺瘤8例、6例ACTH腺瘤。根據(jù)影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)按腫瘤直徑分大腺瘤30例(>1 cm),微腺瘤6例(<1 cm)。侵襲性腺瘤23例,非侵襲性腺瘤13例。腫瘤侵襲性的判定標準[5]:(1)Hardy-Knosp分級分期,III級或以上及C-E期認為是侵襲性垂體腺瘤;(2)鞍底硬膜和鄰近骨質(zhì)經(jīng)病理證實有腫瘤細胞;(3)影像學(xué)檢查見腫瘤包繞雙側(cè)頸內(nèi)動脈。凡符合上述3項中的任何一項者均歸為侵襲性組。以5例正常垂體組織作為陰性對照組(教學(xué)用尸顱,解剖獲得)。
1.2 試劑及儀器
SuperScript反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、SYBRGreen 定量PCR試劑盒購自美國Invitrogen 公司,RIPA裂解液、蛋白酶K(Sigma公司),Western blot reagent A液和B液(Santa Cruz公司),鼠抗人CD151單克隆抗體(1∶400 Santa Cruz公司),NC膜(Roche公司),HRP標記的羊抗鼠I (1∶500 Jackson公司),Proteam@I.IXiCell電泳儀(Bio.Rad公司)低溫高速離心機(EDpendorf),凝膠成像儀(UVPEPS.300穩(wěn)壓穩(wěn)流電泳儀(Tanon),PB3002.S電子天平(Metter)。
1.3 real time-PCR檢測CD151 mRNA在垂體瘤中的表達
Trizol法提取組織總RNA,測定RNA樣品的純度。取1 μgRNA進行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,條件如下:25℃10 min;50℃ 30 min;85℃5 min。冰上驟冷;反轉(zhuǎn)錄得cDNA保存在-20℃。取合成的cDNA為模板,用SYBR Green法進行real time-PCR擴增,采用Comparative Delta-delta 法計算各基因相對表達量:先對樣品中的目的基因與管家基因分別擴增效率,將擴增效率優(yōu)化為一致,并確定此時閾值使兩標準曲線斜率差值M小于0.1,正常組均值為1.0,計算各組表達量的相對值。
CD151基因上游引物序列為: 5’-GCACCGTTTGCCTCAAGT-3’,下游引物序列為:5’-ACCACCAGGATGTAGGCTGT-3’;
β-actin上游引物:5’-GAAGGTGAAGGTCGG-AGTC-3’,下游引物: 5’-GAAGATGGTGATGGGA-TTTC-3’。
1.4 Western blot檢測CD151在垂體瘤組織中表達
總蛋白采用一步提取法,-80℃冰箱保存,0.25 μg蛋白,SDS-PAGE電泳(10%)。NC膜放人封閉緩沖液室溫封閉1 h,加入鼠抗人CD151單克隆抗體,4℃過夜;HRP標記的羊抗鼠IgG,37℃×1 h,最后用PBS再漂洗10 min;采用ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光法顯色,拍照、顯影。自動圖像分析儀對蛋白條帶掃描、分析。
1.5 免疫組化染色
石蠟包埋標本,切片厚度10 μm,置溫箱,55℃中烘烤過夜。用兔抗人多克隆CD151抗體(ab71816,Abcam) ABC 法行免疫組化染色,具體方法按福州邁新生物技術(shù)公司產(chǎn)品說明進行,CD151一抗終濃度為1∶100,二抗?jié)舛葹?∶200,蘇木精復(fù)染。以細胞核染色作為確切的陽性染色標準,標準分級:(1)陰性:細胞質(zhì)內(nèi)無棕黃色沉淀,與陰性對照類似,隨機視野中未發(fā)現(xiàn)陽性細胞。(2)弱陽性:胞質(zhì)內(nèi)均勻分布淺棕黃色反應(yīng),陽性細胞數(shù)<25%。(3)中等陽性:胞質(zhì)內(nèi)深棕黃色反應(yīng),陽性細胞數(shù)25%~50%。(4)強陽性:胞質(zhì)中出現(xiàn)棕黑色反應(yīng),胞質(zhì)內(nèi)呈粗大顆?;驂K狀著色,陽性細胞數(shù)>50%。每個標本選取5個典型陽性染色視野區(qū),取其平均值進行分析。
1.6 統(tǒng)計分析
2.1 垂體腺瘤組織中CD151mRNA水平
real time-PCR結(jié)果提示CD151mRNA在垂體瘤組織中明顯上調(diào)(圖1),正常的垂體組織(1.00±1.89)、非侵襲垂體腺瘤(17.63±8.35)、侵襲性垂體腺瘤(58.92±18.65)間比較,差異明顯具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),與正常的垂體組織相比,在非侵襲性和侵襲性垂體腺瘤CD151 mRNA水平,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),在非侵襲和侵襲性垂體腺瘤之間比較也有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。
Fig. 1 mRNA expression of CD151 in each tissue detected by real-time PCR A: Normal pituitary tissue; B: Non-invasive pituitary adenomas; C: Invasive pituitary adenomas**P<0.01vsnormal pituitary tissue;##P<0.01vsnon-invasive pituitary adenomas
2.2 垂體腺瘤組織中CD151蛋白的表達
以β-actin作為內(nèi)對照,結(jié)果顯示在36例垂體腺瘤中都有豐富的表達,而在正常的垂體組織中則有微弱的表達(圖2)。將垂體腺瘤組織中的CD151表達與正常垂體組織中的表達進行比較,差異具有顯著性(P<0.01),將36例垂體腺瘤根據(jù)影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)按腫瘤直徑大小分為大腺瘤30例、微腺瘤6例。在非侵襲性腺瘤和侵襲性腺瘤中的表達量分別為0.39±0.18、0.72±0.23,兩者之間有顯著差異(P<0.01)。垂體腺瘤組織中CD151表達與腫瘤直徑大小也密切相關(guān),在大腺瘤和微腺瘤中的表達量分別為0.63±0.21、0.31±0.16,兩者之間有顯著差異(P<0.01,表1)。
Fig. 2 Protein expression of CD151 in pituitary adenomas N: Normal pituitary tissue; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone pituitary tumor; PRL: Pituitary prolactinoma; NF: Non-functioning adenomas; GH: Growth hormone pituitary tumor
TumortypesnExpressionindexNormalpituitarytisse50.09±0.03Microadenoma60.31±0.16**Pituitarymacroadenoma300.63±0.21**InvasivenessYes230.72±0.21InvasivenessNo130.39±0.18##
**P<0.01vsnormal pituitary tissue;##P<0.01vsinvasiveness yes group
2.3 免疫組化CD151蛋白在垂體腺瘤中的表達
CD151蛋白主要表達于垂體腺瘤細胞胞漿及胞膜內(nèi), 在正常腦組織內(nèi)無CD151陽性表達。在侵襲性和非侵襲垂體腺瘤中,CD151陽性表達率分別95.6%及76.9%,與正常垂體組織相比具有顯著性差異(P<0.01);侵襲性和非侵襲垂體腺瘤之間CD151蛋白表達具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)顯著差異(P<0.01,表2,圖3)。
Tab. 2 Protein expression of CD151 in each tissue detected by immunohistochemical analysis
GroupnProteinexpressionofCD151(%(n))-++++++Normal5100(5)InvasivenessYes234.3(1)13.0(3)43.5(10)31.1(9)InvasivenessNo1323.1(3)30.8(4)30.8(4)15.4(2)
P<0.001 invasivenessvsnormal pituitary tissue;P<0.01 invasive pituitary adenomasvsnon-invasive pituitary adenomas
CD151基因是TM4SF家族最早被報道的促癌基因,定位于人染色體11P15.5,其表達的蛋白產(chǎn)物除了在正常組織中廣泛表達外,在多種腫瘤細胞組織中都有較高水平的表達:如卵巢癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌和直腸癌等[5-8]。近年研究證實CD151在腫瘤細胞的遷移,浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移中起重要作用,CD151在腫瘤組織中差異性表達與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[9]。Ang等[10]使用免疫組化研究證實前列腺癌CD151的表達明顯高于良性前列腺增生的組織,并且低分化前列腺癌組織中CD151的染色強,而分化良好的前列腺癌組織中CD151的染色弱,CD151表達水平越高提示預(yù)后不良。Hashida等[11]使用免疫組化與RT-PCR技術(shù)對146例結(jié)腸癌患者腫瘤組織中CD151檢測并結(jié)合患者生存時間隨訪,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中81(81/146)例有CD151基因及蛋白表達明顯增高,且CDI51低表達的患者3年生存期明顯高于CD151高表達患者。
Fig. 3 Histopathology of CD151 in each tissue detected by immunohistochemistry (×400) A: Normal pituitary tissue;B: Non-invasive pituitary adenomas; C: Invasive pituitary adenomas
我們用實時定量PCR檢測了36例垂體腺瘤組織及其相對應(yīng)的5例正常垂體組織CD151基因表達,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)CD151在垂體腺瘤組織中比正常垂體組織中明顯增高,且侵襲性垂體腺瘤比非侵襲性垂體腺瘤水平增高。Western blot檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)36例垂體腺瘤中均有CD151表達,且明顯高于5例正常垂體組織。垂體腺瘤組織中的CD151蛋白表達與腫瘤直徑大小也密切相關(guān),在大腺瘤和微腺瘤中的表達量(0.63±0.21、0.31±0.16),兩者之間有顯著差異;而在非侵襲性腺瘤和侵襲性腺瘤中的表達量(0.39±0.18、0.72±0.23),兩者之間也有顯著差異。結(jié)果提示從正常垂體組織到垂體微腺瘤、垂體大腺瘤隨著垂體腺瘤的增大CD151蛋白表達也進一步增加,推測CD151表達與腫瘤細胞的增殖侵襲密切相關(guān),表明CD151在垂體腺瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中可能起重要的作用,從而有可能為臨床療效觀察和預(yù)后判斷提供一個新的指標。CD151促進腫瘤細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲與CD151-α3β1/α6β1復(fù)合體的形成密切相關(guān),尤其是CD151-α3β1,Transwell實驗顯示腫瘤細胞侵襲性由CD151-α3β1復(fù)合體產(chǎn)生作用[12],Elisabeth研究也證實CD151可以通過α3β1整合素促進乳腺癌的生長和分化[13],然而在垂體腺瘤方面是否也與α3β1有關(guān)尚不清楚,因此CD151通過何種信號傳導(dǎo)通路促進垂體腺瘤發(fā)生進展,以及CD151siRNA對垂體腺瘤增殖和轉(zhuǎn)移有無抑制作用等問題需進一步研究證實。
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The expression and significance of CD151 in pituitary adenomas
LI Shu1,4, HONG Yun2, HU Zai-chang1, JIN Xin3, SUN Pan-pan3, NIE Liu-wang4, ZHOU Yan-fang5△
(1. Department of Pathophysiology, 2. Department of Ultrasonography, Yijishan Hospital, 3. Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241002; 4. Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000; 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Huangyan HospitalAffiliated to Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou 318020, China)
Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of CD151 in pituitary adenomas. Methods: Thirty-six pituitary adenomas were collected immediately after surgery together with five normal pituitary tissue. Real time-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to detect the expression of CD151 mRNA and protein in thirty-six pituitary adenomases and five normal pituitary tissues. Results: The expression of CD151 in all pituitary adenomases was observed to be significantly higher than that in normal pituitary tissues by Western blot, real time PCR, and immunohistochemistry analysis (P<0.01). The expression levels of protein and mRNA in invasive pituitary adenomas were much higher than those in non-invasive pituitary adenomas (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results suggested that the expression of CD151 was closely correlated with malignant degree of pituitary adenomas, which indicated the expression of CD151 was intimately correlated with occurrence and development of pituitary adenomas. Detecting CD151 might be a vital index to predict prognosis of pituitary adenomas.
CD151; pituitary adenomas; real time-PCR; Western blot; immunohistochemistry
安徽省自然科學(xué)基金青年項目(1408085QH169);校重點科研項目培育基金(wk2014ZF06);省大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練計劃(AH201310368080)
2014-10-27 【修回日期】2015-02-15
R739.41
A
1000-6834(2015)02-182-004
10.13459/j.cnki.cjap.2015.02.023
△【通訊作者】Tel: 0576-84016757; E-mail: yanfangzhou@126.com