【摘要】本文總結(jié)了as在句中用作副詞、連詞、代詞和介詞情況,so在句中做副詞和連詞情況及so 和as一起使用情況,分別對(duì)這兩個(gè)單詞用法的異同進(jìn)行分析和例示。
【關(guān)鍵詞】as so 用法
as和so是英語中使用頻率極高的兩個(gè)單詞,as常用做副詞、連詞、代詞和介詞,而so常用做副詞和連詞,它們的用法很多,對(duì)初學(xué)英語者,全面掌握并且準(zhǔn)確靈活地使用這兩個(gè)單詞很重要。本文對(duì)這兩個(gè)單詞用法的異同進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析和例示。
一、as用作副詞、連詞、代詞和介詞
1.as用做副詞。as用作副詞常跟a”一起構(gòu)成“as…as”這個(gè)比較句型。在“as…as”句型中第二個(gè)as的詞性有兩種情況,其一是做介詞,如:He is as tall as me. 該句中第二個(gè)“as”是介詞,含義是“達(dá)到與…相同的程度,與…等同”。其二是as做連詞,如:His eyes aren′t quite as blue as they look in the film.該句中第二個(gè)as是連詞,含義是“與…等同,同…一樣達(dá)到某種程度”?!癮s”用作副詞還有“和…無不同,像”含義。如:As before he remained unmoved.
2.as用做連詞。as用作連詞,其含義較多。如:I saw her as she was getting off the bus. 該句中“as”可譯為“在…期間;當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”;如:As you weren′t there ,I left a message. 該句中“as”放在句首其含義是“因?yàn)?,由于”;如:Much as I like you,I couldnt live with you. 該句中“as”用于形容詞或副詞之后,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,含義是“盡管,即使,雖然”。除此之外“as”還有“以…方式,為……之事實(shí)”的意思,如:The Beatles,as many of you are old enough to remember,came from liver pool.“as”用做連詞也可接“be或do+主語”,其含義是“也一樣”,如:She is very tall,as are both of parents.“as”用做連詞還能和其它詞一起構(gòu)成習(xí)語,如:as against sth與…對(duì)照、與…相比,as and when(a)[指將來的某一未定的事或行動(dòng)]到時(shí)候,as for sb/sth 至于某人或某物,as from/of指某事物開始的時(shí)間或日期,as if/though好像、似乎、仿佛,as it is照現(xiàn)狀看、看樣子,as to sth至于某事物,as regard sth提到某事物。
3.as用作代詞。“as”用作代詞的情況有兩種。其一是常用于狀語從句中,如:As is announced in the papers the diseases of SARS have spread almost all over the Asia.其二是構(gòu)成固定搭配,如“as”常位于regard、consider、look on/upon、treat、view、represent、acknowledge 詞之后,如:Most People regarded/considered/looked upon him as a fool.
4.as 用作介詞。“as”用作介詞時(shí)有以下三種意思:其一是“好像(某人)”,如:Dressed as a policeman.其二是“有(某人)的身份式特性,作為、當(dāng)作”,如:I′m speaking as your employer. 其三是“因某人是(某身份)或當(dāng)某人是(某身份)時(shí)”,如:As her private secretary ,He has access to all her correspondence.
二、so常用做副詞和連詞
1.so用作副詞。so作副詞時(shí)常放在形容詞與副詞之前,這時(shí)“so”有以下七種情況:
(1)表示“到這種程度,這么,那么…”,如:The weather was so hot.
(2)表示“不(像)…這么…,不(像)…那么…”,如:He isn′t so great as you think.
(3)表示“結(jié)果”,如:The weather was so bad that many people caught a cold.
(4)表示“到做某種事的程度”,如:She was so kind as to phone for a taxi for me.
(5)用于作比較,如:He is not so clever as his brother.
(6)表示“很、極”,如:You are so kind to help me.
(7)用于一些習(xí)慣用語中,如:not so much sth as sth,so much for sb/sth,so much so that等。
2.so用作連詞。so作連詞通常有以下五種情況:
(1)表示結(jié)果,如:Miss Guo was ill so I took his place.
(2)表示目的,如:She whispered to me so no one else would hear.
(3)用以引出下文,如:So now it′s winter again and I′m still unemployed.
(4)用以引出一段話進(jìn)行批評(píng)或?qū)Ρ?,如:So I′ve been in prison for three years. That doesn′t mean I can′t do a job.
(5)應(yīng)用在一些習(xí)慣用語中,如:He′s 15 years older than me,so what if he is?
3.so 和as一起使用。so 和as一起使用時(shí),表達(dá)不同含義,主要有以下幾種:
(1)表達(dá)否定比較,如:The box is not so/as heavy as I expected.
(2)用在so+adj+as+to+inf句型中,如:He is not so foolish as to do that.
(3)構(gòu)成固定搭配,如so far as意為“達(dá)到某種程度”,So far as I am concerned,this agreement is quite satisfactory;如so long as意為“只要”,I will help you as long as you do your best to study;如not so much as意為“甚至沒有”,He didn′t so much as find a job.
(4)構(gòu)成固定句型,如as+簡單句,so+簡單句,如:As he treats you,so you treat him.
(5)表示“為了做某事”,如I took an umbrella so as not to get wet in the rain.
so和as既可以單獨(dú)使用,也可一起構(gòu)成固定短語,在不同的地方具有不同含義,盡管它們的用法變化多端,但只要用心,仍可以很好地掌握它們。如果精通了它們的用法,你的英語水平肯定會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]陸谷孫.英漢大詞典(第二版)[M].上海:上海譯文出版社,2007.
[2]王玉章,等譯.牛津高階英漢雙解詞典(第7版)[M].北京:商務(wù)印書館,2009.
[3]簡清國,林茂珠.英漢多功能詞典[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2002.
作者簡介:張美茹,女,1975年生,陜西西安人,中學(xué)英語教師,主要從事中學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究。