楊珍 郎瑜 崔美瓊 田婭 文成 張芳 晏玲
Summary of the best evidence for the prevention and management of neonatal pressure injuries
YANG Zhen,LANG Yu,CUI Meiqiong,TIAN Ya,WEN Cheng,ZHANG Fang,YAN LingThe First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical University,Chongqing 400030 ChinaCorresponding Author YAN Ling,E-mail:yanwen2099@126.com
Abstract Objective: To search,evaluate and integrate the best evidence of prevention and management of neonatal pressure injury at home and abroad,and to provide evidence-based basis for clinical standard management of neonatal pressure injury. Method: Guidelines,expert consensus,evidence summary,systematic evaluation,clinical decision-making,and original studies were retrieved from BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,GIN,SIGN,RNAO,the Cochrane Library,Australian JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center,PubMed,EMbase,Yimaitong,CINAHL,CBM,and CNKI.The search period was up to March 6,2023.Quality evaluation and evidence extraction were carried out by two researchers. Results: A total of 15 articles were included,including 6 guidelines,1 expert consensus,2 systematic reviews,5 original studies,and 1 evidence summary.This paper summarizes 20 pieces of evidence from 6 aspects,including evaluation,position management,medical device application,prevention,disposal and personnel management. Conclusions: The best evidence for the prevention and management of neonatal pressure injury summarized in this study is conducive to the clinical nursing staff to take more targeted measures for children.
Keywords ?pressure injury;newborn;prevention and management;summary of evidence;evidence-based nursing
摘要 目的: 檢索、評價、整合國內(nèi)外新生兒壓力性損傷預(yù)防與管理的最佳證據(jù),為臨床規(guī)范管理新生兒壓力性損傷提供循證依據(jù)。 方法: 系統(tǒng)檢索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、國際指南協(xié)作網(wǎng)(GIN)、蘇格蘭校際指南網(wǎng)、加拿大安大略注冊護(hù)士協(xié)會、the Cochrane Library、澳大利亞Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)循證衛(wèi)生保健中心、PubMed、EMbase、醫(yī)脈通、CINAHL、中國生物醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(CBM)及中國知網(wǎng)等的指南、專家共識、證據(jù)總結(jié)、系統(tǒng)評價、臨床決策、原始研究。檢索時限為建庫至2023年3月6日。由2名研究者對文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評價及證據(jù)提取。 結(jié)果: 共納入15篇文獻(xiàn),包括指南6篇,專家共識1篇,系統(tǒng)評價2篇,原始研究5篇,證據(jù)總結(jié)1篇。匯總了包括評估、體位管理、醫(yī)療器械應(yīng)用、預(yù)防、處置、人員管理6個方面,共20條證據(jù)。 結(jié)論: 本研究總結(jié)的新生兒壓力性損傷預(yù)防與管理的最佳證據(jù)便于臨床護(hù)理人員對患兒采取更有針對性的措施。
關(guān)鍵詞 ?壓力性損傷;新生兒;預(yù)防與管理;證據(jù)總結(jié);循證護(hù)理
doi: ?10.12102/j.issn.2095-8668.2024.10.006
壓力性損傷(pressure injury)是由美國壓力性損傷咨詢委員會在2016年4月重新定義,是指發(fā)生在皮膚和(或)皮下組織的局限性損傷,常發(fā)生于骨隆突處或與醫(yī)療器械接觸的皮膚處 ?[1] 。壓力性損傷是衡量護(hù)理質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)之一,受到了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注 ?[2-3] 。新生兒由于皮膚薄嫩,皮下脂肪層薄,皮膚保護(hù)層發(fā)育不成熟等原因,是發(fā)生壓力性損傷的高危人群 ?[4] 。研究表明,新生兒壓力性損傷的發(fā)生率可達(dá) 9.25 %~43.1% ?[5] 。故預(yù)防新生兒發(fā)生壓力性損傷是護(hù)理工作中極其重要的一部分。目前,國內(nèi)外對成人壓力性損傷的預(yù)防和管理已較為成熟,但尚缺乏相關(guān)的新生兒壓力性損傷指南以規(guī)范和指導(dǎo)新生兒臨床護(hù)理工作。因此,本研究將通過循證的方法,對新生 兒壓力性損傷的預(yù)防和管理進(jìn)行證據(jù)總結(jié),為新生兒臨床護(hù)理進(jìn)行科學(xué)、有效的護(hù)理實踐提供參考依據(jù)。