昝亞娟供稿

高考作文輔導(dǎo)——如何寫開(kāi)放作文

昝亞娟供稿

寫作練習(xí)

請(qǐng)結(jié)合下面的材料，按要求用英文寫作，詞數(shù)不少于100。

“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”

—Thomas Edison

要求

1 針對(duì)名言發(fā)表你的感想；

2 應(yīng)緊扣材料，有明確的觀點(diǎn)。

【參考范文1】

What Thomas Edison said suggests that it is not inspiration but hard work that leads to success. Some people think that many famous people have succeeded just because they were born with special talents. Actually, their success comes from hard work.

Take Thomas Edison for example. Though he studied in school for only three months because of poverty, he taught himself and learned a lot. He made more than 2,000 inventions in his life, some of which have greatly improved our life. While inventing the light bulb, Thomas Edison had tried more than 1,600 materials and failed, but he didn’t give up easily. It was his persistence and hard work that led to his final success. He set a good example to us all.

It is clear that hard work leads to success. If you are to make great contributions to society, you have to keep on trying until you succeed.

【范文剖析】

1．范文共分三個(gè)段落：第一段談了自己對(duì)寫作素材，即愛(ài)迪生名言的理解，并亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)——“成功不是靠特異功能，而是努力的結(jié)果”；第二段舉例證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。用美國(guó)著名發(fā)明家愛(ài)迪生做出眾多發(fā)明的例子，說(shuō)明他的成功源自其堅(jiān)持不懈的努力；最后一段為結(jié)論段，總結(jié)前文，并得出結(jié)論：努力才能成功。如果你想有所做作為，就要刻苦努力。

2．第二段用Take Thomas Edison for example一句作為過(guò)渡語(yǔ)，使上下文巧妙地連接起來(lái)。愛(ài)迪生的例子恰恰證明了他的成功不是因?yàn)樗翘觳?，而是一步一個(gè)腳印踏實(shí)工作的結(jié)果。本段的舉例恰如其分地證明了第一段的論點(diǎn)。

3．第三段在第二段論述的基礎(chǔ)上得出結(jié)論, 不僅升華了主題，而且突出了中心，圓滿完成了寫作任務(wù)。

4. 短語(yǔ)亮點(diǎn)

not…but… 不是……而是……

come from 來(lái)自于

take…for example 以……為例

because of 由于

teach oneself 自學(xué)

give up 放棄

lead to 導(dǎo)致

set a good example to sb. 為某人樹(shù)立好榜樣

make contributions to 為……做貢獻(xiàn)

keep on doing sth. 一直做某事

5. 句子亮點(diǎn)

1) 主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句： What Thomas Edison said suggests that it is not inspiration but hard work that leads to success.

2) 主語(yǔ)從句： It is clear that hard work leads to success.

3) 賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句： Some people think that many famous people have succeeded just because they were born with special talents.

4) 狀語(yǔ)從句： Though he studied in school for only three months because of poverty, he taught himself and learned a lot；If you are to make great contributions to society, you have to keep on trying until you succeed. 5) 定語(yǔ)從句： He made more than 2,000 inventions in his life, some of which have greatly improved our life;

6) 并列句： Thomas Edison had tried more than 1,600 materials and failed, but he didn’t give up easily.

7) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式： It was his persistence and hard work that led to his final success.

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】

近年來(lái)，越來(lái)越多省份在高考中采用開(kāi)放性作文。開(kāi)放性英語(yǔ)作文的特點(diǎn)是，試題中沒(méi)有提供具體的寫作要點(diǎn)，僅僅提供了一幅漫畫、一句名言或是一個(gè)話題，要求考生在正確理解寫作素材的基礎(chǔ)上，自主確定寫作的內(nèi)容和主題。隨著試題開(kāi)放性的不斷增強(qiáng)，高考書面表達(dá)對(duì)考生的寫作能力提出了更高的要求。一些考生覺(jué)得開(kāi)放性作文比較難寫，原因在于沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的寫作要點(diǎn)和提綱可以參考，考生需要自主確定寫作的內(nèi)容和主題。

那么，我們?nèi)绾螌懞瞄_(kāi)放作文？首先，正確理解和分析寫作素材，確定寫作的話題和主題。其次，緊緊圍繞著寫作素材列出寫作提綱。然后，根據(jù)提綱展開(kāi)寫作。

開(kāi)放作文通常由三部分組成：首先談?wù)勛约簩?duì)所給材料的理解，包括字面意思和隱含意義。本段表明了短文寫作的主題和中心。然后，選取一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)氖吕齺?lái)支撐自己的中心論點(diǎn)。這樣的短文言之有物，內(nèi)容充實(shí)。最后，對(duì)前文進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的歸納和總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論，升華主題。

寫好開(kāi)放性作文的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)寫作素材的分析和概括，只有確定了短文主旨大意，我們才不會(huì)寫跑題。如果理解不準(zhǔn)確，寫出的觀點(diǎn)就會(huì)與所給材料的內(nèi)容不符；如果概括不準(zhǔn)確，寫出來(lái)的短文的中心思想就會(huì)偏離材料的主旨。因此，考生應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確提煉出寫作素材的主旨要意，然后選取適當(dāng)?shù)睦觼?lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。最后一段首尾呼應(yīng)，再次表明觀點(diǎn)。

★ 寫開(kāi)放作文可能用到的句式

1) 概括寫作材料用到的句式

I couldn’t agree with…more. 我完全同意某人的話……

As the saying goes… 正如俗話所說(shuō)……

What someone says suggests that… 某人的話的含義是……

I totally agree with what…says. 我非常贊同……說(shuō)的話。

The saying…reminds me of… ……這種說(shuō)法讓我想到……

2) 結(jié)論段用到的句式

As is mentioned above… 正如前文提到的……

In summary/conclusion 總的來(lái)說(shuō)

In short 簡(jiǎn)言之

In my view/opinion 我認(rèn)為

It is clear/obvious/evident that… 顯然……

名師簡(jiǎn)介

昝亞娟，河南師范大學(xué)教育碩士，河南省教師教育專家，首批中小學(xué)正高級(jí)教師。從事教育工作29年，其中25年擔(dān)任畢業(yè)班教學(xué)。在英語(yǔ)報(bào)紙雜志發(fā)表稿件一千多篇，為《英語(yǔ)周報(bào)》、《學(xué)生雙語(yǔ)報(bào)》、《學(xué)生英語(yǔ)報(bào)》、天星教育圖書公司特約作者，主編和參編英語(yǔ)教輔圖書八十多本。連續(xù)多年榮獲英語(yǔ)周報(bào)“金筆作者獎(jiǎng)” 。

【訂正】

CE: Teens 2014年11月號(hào)“強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語(yǔ)從句辨析”一文中，P57的2005年山東高考題答案分析有誤，特此更正。

—_________ that he managed to get the information?（2005山東）

—Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it

【名師點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“a friend of his helped him”可知，第一句問(wèn)“他究竟是如何獲得了信息？”因此被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為疑問(wèn)詞how。我們先確定疑問(wèn)詞用how，然后把題干變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌篒t was how that he managed to get the information. 然后，再把這個(gè)句子變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句，我們就可以得出答案為C。