鄒德永, 郭玉龍, 趙 建, 陳修平, 王家駿, 于金平
(中國石油大學(華東)石油工程學院,山東青島 266580)
錐形PDC單齒破巖試驗研究
鄒德永, 郭玉龍, 趙 建, 陳修平, 王家駿, 于金平
(中國石油大學(華東)石油工程學院,山東青島 266580)
為優(yōu)化錐形PDC齒鉆頭的結構設計并提高其鉆進硬地層的能力,通過錐形PDC切削齒在玄武巖上的破巖試驗,分析了切削角、錐頂角及鉆壓等因素對錐形PDC切削齒破巖效率的影響規(guī)律。結果表明:錐形PDC齒適合其錐尖指向鉆頭軸線安裝在鉆頭上;隨著切削角增大,切削深度先增大后減小,當切削角為25°時,切削深度最深;破碎相同體積的巖石,錐頂角小的錐形PDC齒所需的水平切削力小,更易破碎巖石;切削深度與鉆壓呈指數(shù)關系,隨著鉆壓增加而增大。試驗結果可為錐形PDC齒鉆頭結構設計提供依據(jù)。
聚晶金剛石復合片鉆頭 錐形切削齒 破巖 切削角 錐頂角 切削深度
目前,常規(guī)PDC鉆頭主要用于鉆進軟到中硬地層,而在硬地層中的鉆進效果不太理想[1-2]。其中,犁切型PDC鉆頭,采用異于常規(guī)PDC的錐形PDC齒作為切削齒,已在國外實驗室以及一些現(xiàn)場鉆進硬地層試驗中取得了很好的破巖效果,具備了鉆進硬地層的能力[3-7]。但是,國內外關于錐形PDC齒破巖規(guī)律的研究尚屬空白,需進一步探索和研究[8-13]。為此,筆者通過錐形PDC齒破巖試驗對錐形PDC齒在不同切削角、齒形及鉆壓下的破巖規(guī)律進行了分析,以期優(yōu)選出破巖效率高的齒形及切削角,為錐形PDC齒鉆頭的優(yōu)化設計提供依據(jù),滿足深井鉆進硬地層提速的迫切需求。
1.1 試驗裝置
1.2 試驗原理及方法
每次試驗時,將表面平整的巖樣固定在巖樣夾持裝置上,通過更換不同角度的小鉆頭實現(xiàn)切削角的變化,用加壓裝置給錐形PDC齒施加不同的鉆壓,然后搖動鉆銑床滑枕,帶動巖樣做直線運動,使錐形PDC齒切削巖樣形成溝槽;在切削過程中,利用切向力傳感器實時測量錐形PDC齒所受的水平切削力,由數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)記錄并顯示試驗數(shù)據(jù),其原理如圖3所示。為分析錐形PDC齒的切削角、錐頂角及鉆壓對破巖效率的影響規(guī)律,分別進行了不同切削角(0°,±5°,±10°,±15°,±20°,±25°,±30°,角度如圖4所示)、不同錐頂角(86°和78°)和不同鉆壓(1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5和3.0 kN)的破巖試驗。巖樣選用玄武巖,其可鉆性級值為9.27。
試驗以巖樣溝槽的深度(即切削深度)和水平切削力2個指標綜合評價錐形PDC齒的破巖效果,分析各因素對錐形PDC齒破巖效率的影響規(guī)律。
2.1 切削角
2.2 錐頂角
2.3 鉆壓
1) 錐形PDC齒適合其齒尖指向鉆頭軸線安裝在鉆頭上,當鉆進條件相同時,切削角為25°時的破巖效果最好。結合鉆頭布齒設計理論、錐形齒的抗沖擊性能及不同地層的適應性,切削角推薦選用20°~25°。
2) 錐形PDC齒在小鉆壓下的破巖效果較差,隨著鉆壓增大,破巖效果迅速得到提高。
3) 文中試驗條件下,錐頂角小的錐形PDC齒的破巖效率優(yōu)于錐頂角大的錐形PDC齒。
4) 文中試驗只選用了2種錐頂角和1種巖樣,建議后續(xù)試驗中增加錐形PDC齒的齒型和巖樣類型,以進一步探討錐頂角對破巖效率的影響規(guī)律和錐形PDC齒在不同硬地層的破巖規(guī)律。
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[編輯 劉文臣]
Experimental Study on Rock Breaking of Conical PDC Cutter
Zou Deyong, Guo Yulong, Zhao Jian, Chen Xiuping, Wang Jiajun, Yu Jinping
(SchoolofPetroleumEngineering,ChinaUniversityofPetroleum(Huadong),Qingdao,Shandong,266580,China)
In order to optimize the structure of PDC bits and improve their breaking performance in hard formations,this paper analyzed the influences of cutting angle,cone apex angle,weight on bit (WOB) and other factors of rock breaking of conical PDC cutter,through experiment with basalt.The results showed that the conical cutter was better to be installed on the bit with its prong pointing the bit axis.With the increase of the cutting angle,the cutting depth increased first and then decreased-to the maximum when the cutting angle was 25°.The conical PDC cutter with small cone apex angle required smaller force to break the same volume of rock and the cutting depth increased with the WOB exponentially.The experimental results could provide reference for the design of a conical PDC bit.
PDC bit;conical cutter;rock breaking;cutting angle;cone apex angle;cutting depth
2014-06-09;改回日期:2014-12-02。
鄒德永(1962—),男,山東威海人,1984年畢業(yè)于華東石油學院鉆井工程專業(yè),1988年獲石油大學(北京)油氣井工程專業(yè)碩士學位,2004年獲石油大學(華東)油氣井工程專業(yè)博士學位,教授,博士生導師,主要從事油氣井工程方面的教學與科研工作。
國家“十二五”科技重大專項“中東富油氣區(qū)復雜地層井筒關鍵技術”(編號:2011ZX05031-004)資助。
?鉆采機械?
10.11911/syztjs.201501021
TE921+.1
A
1001-0890(2015)01-0122-04
聯(lián)系方式:(0532)86983276,zouyan@upc.edu.cn。