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老齡牦牛睪丸細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白的分布特征

2015-03-23 09:15:09袁莉剛朱峻峰谷來鳳陳國娟
畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)報 2015年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:基膜生精小管

袁莉剛,朱峻峰,谷來鳳,陳國娟

(甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動物醫(yī)學(xué)院,蘭州 730070 )

老齡牦牛睪丸細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白的分布特征

袁莉剛*,朱峻峰,谷來鳳,陳國娟

(甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動物醫(yī)學(xué)院,蘭州 730070 )

探索細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白在老齡牦牛睪丸的分布特征。應(yīng)用組織化學(xué)方法比較、觀察9頭健康老齡牦牛和10頭青年牦牛睪丸組織結(jié)構(gòu)特點及層黏連蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型膠原(Col Ⅳ)和硫酸乙酰肝素糖蛋白(HSPG)的分布特征。結(jié)果顯示:光鏡下,老齡牦牛生精上皮部分或完全退化,生精小管固有膜及間質(zhì)膠原纖維及網(wǎng)狀纖維較青年牦牛豐富;老齡睪丸間質(zhì)血管及生精小管固有膜中AB-PAS陽性反應(yīng)較青年牦牛增強。數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計表明,老齡牦牛Sertoli細(xì)胞及Leydig細(xì)胞數(shù)均明顯減少,生精小管橫截面積以及平均間質(zhì)組織面積極顯著大于青年牦牛(P<0.01)。免疫組織化學(xué)顯示,LN在老齡牦牛睪丸Sertoli細(xì)胞和肌樣細(xì)胞表達(dá)與青年牦牛相近,LN在生精細(xì)胞表達(dá)降低,而在Leydig細(xì)胞幾乎無表達(dá);Col Ⅳ在不同年齡牦牛睪丸組織表達(dá)位置及強弱相似,但其平均吸光度檢測結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異;老齡牦牛睪丸組織HSPG主要在Leydig細(xì)胞表達(dá)降低,平均吸光度檢測統(tǒng)計極顯著低于青年牦牛(P<0.01);同一年齡段LN 、Col Ⅳ和HSPG表達(dá)無明顯差異。高原環(huán)境中,老齡牦牛生精上皮退化伴隨著間質(zhì)成分增加、間質(zhì)面積增大、Leydig細(xì)胞及Sertoli細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少等形態(tài)學(xué)變化;睪丸組織Col Ⅳ分泌增加且膠原纖維合成增強,LN和HSPG的顯著降低可能影響Leydig細(xì)胞合成分泌能力。

老齡牦牛;睪丸;層黏連蛋白;膠原蛋白;硫酸乙酰肝素糖蛋白;免疫組織化學(xué)

睪丸細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(exreacellular matrix,ECM )包括生精小管基膜和管周細(xì)胞間基質(zhì)部分,含有很多細(xì)胞因子及其受體,主要包括Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型膠原、層黏連蛋白、制動素和蛋白多糖等,對生精上皮的結(jié)構(gòu)和激素的支持發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用[1-2]。研究表明,在人或動物隨著年齡增加睪丸功能退化與其形態(tài)改變密切相關(guān),如管周組織及間質(zhì)組織的纖維化以及睪丸Leydig 細(xì)胞數(shù)量的下降等[3],老年人睪丸是研究生精相關(guān)蛋白質(zhì)功能隨年齡變化很好的模型[4],O.T.Pop等[5]對老年人睪丸的組織學(xué)定量分析表明,睪丸小葉實質(zhì)的百分比隨年齡有下降的趨勢,生精小管內(nèi)層基膜退行性變化以及間質(zhì)組織中膠原纖維的數(shù)量和密度均有所增加,分析認(rèn)為膠原纖維增加主要原因是ECM的退行性變化。很多關(guān)于老齡化睪丸的研究資料主要集中于人或?qū)嶒瀯游?如大鼠、小鼠等),對于高海拔地區(qū)老齡化人或動物的研究資料卻很少。高寒低氧地區(qū),公牦牛在8、9歲以后逐漸老齡化,繁殖能力迅速減退[6],目前國內(nèi)外對于老齡牦牛細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白定位及分布特征研究尚未見報道。本研究通過特殊染色結(jié)合免疫組織化學(xué)SP法比較觀察9頭健康老齡牦牛和10頭青年牦牛睪丸組織結(jié)構(gòu)特點及ECM 重要成分Ⅳ型膠原(collagen,ColⅣ)、層黏連蛋白(laminin,LN )和硫酸乙酰肝素糖蛋白(heparan sulfate proteoglycans,HSPG)的分布特征,揭示老齡牦牛睪丸ECM與生精細(xì)胞發(fā)育的微環(huán)境、血睪屏障之間的相互關(guān)系,對于探討高原哺乳動物的老化后生殖生理研究提供參考資料。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗材料

1.1.1 實驗動物 3、4歲牦牛睪丸10對,9~13歲牦牛睪丸9對,10、11月份在青海大通牧區(qū)通過外科去勢手術(shù)采集睪丸,根據(jù)不同研究方法取樣固定。

1.1.2 主要藥品試劑 兔抗鼠Col Ⅳ蛋白、LN及HSPG多克隆抗體(bs-0806R、bs-0821R和bs-5072R,購自北京博奧森生物技術(shù)有限公司);免疫組化染色試劑盒(SP-9001,由美國ZYMED生產(chǎn),購自北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司);DAB顯色試劑盒(ZLI-9018,北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司)。

1.2 試驗方法

1.2.1 組織化學(xué)樣本制備和觀察:組織樣品切成1 cm×1 cm×0.6 cm大小,4%多聚甲醛磷酸鹽緩沖液固定,常規(guī)石蠟包埋,切片厚5 μm ,蘇木素-伊紅(HE)常規(guī)染色;Masson三色染色(亮綠),膠原纖維呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)綠色,細(xì)胞核呈現(xiàn)灰黑或灰藍(lán)色,紅細(xì)胞呈紅色;Gomori銀染顯示網(wǎng)狀纖維為灰色,蘇木素-伊紅復(fù)染后呈棕紅色。AB-PAS染色(pH=2.5),蘇木精復(fù)染,顯示酸性黏蛋白呈藍(lán)色,中性黏蛋白呈紅色。1.2.2 免疫組化染色:采用免疫組化SP法進(jìn)行染色,石蠟切片常規(guī)脫蠟,酒精梯度分化;30 g·L-1H2O2水溶液封閉過氧化物酶10 min,正常山羊血清白蛋白孵育15 min后;每張切片滴加50 μL兔多克隆抗鼠LN - IgG(稀釋度1∶400),37 ℃孵育2 h,PBS振洗后每張切片滴加50 μL生物素標(biāo)記山羊抗兔IgG工作液,后加50 μL辣根酶標(biāo)記鏈霉卵白素工作液,37 ℃孵育滴加新鮮配制DAB顯色液,常規(guī)脫水透明、封片。

Col Ⅳ免疫組化染色時一抗Col Ⅳ-IgG,其他操作步驟同LN。HSPG免疫組化染色時一抗為HSPG-IgG,其他操作步驟同LN;陰性對照以PBS替代兔源一抗進(jìn)行染色。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 老齡牦牛和青年牦牛睪丸組織結(jié)構(gòu)特征比較

光鏡下青年牦牛睪丸生精上皮為4~8層生精細(xì)胞及Sertoli細(xì)胞構(gòu)成,大量成熟精子明顯分布于腔面,肌樣細(xì)胞細(xì)胞核呈長索形圍繞于生精小管固有膜外周,Leydig細(xì)胞成簇分布于間質(zhì)組織中(圖1A);間質(zhì)組織內(nèi)膠原纖維及網(wǎng)狀纖維分布明顯,尤以生精小管固有膜較為豐富(圖1B~1C)。AB-PAS染色顯示睪丸生精上皮固有膜及間質(zhì)毛細(xì)血管壁呈紫紅色,生精上皮管腔面精子附著處呈藍(lán)色(圖1D)。老齡牦牛生精小管部分或完全退化,生精上皮不完整,細(xì)胞層為2~5層,生殖細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少。Sertoli細(xì)胞和前細(xì)線期精母細(xì)胞存在于基膜處(圖1E)。膠原纖維增加明顯(圖1F),網(wǎng)狀纖維豐富(圖1G),二者在間質(zhì)組織分布較固有膜明顯,Leydig細(xì)胞細(xì)胞核呈圓形或橢圓形,核膜清晰明顯,散在于結(jié)締組織之間。AB-PAS染色顯示睪丸生精上皮Sertoli細(xì)胞著色淡,但老齡牦牛睪丸間質(zhì)血管及生精小管固有膜陽性反應(yīng)較青年牦牛睪丸增強(圖1H)。

BC.毛細(xì)血管;CF.膠原纖維;RF.網(wǎng)狀纖維;Sc. Sertoli細(xì)胞;ST.生精小管;星號示Leydig細(xì)胞(下同)。1A~1D.青年牦牛睪丸組織,標(biāo)尺示20 μm;1A.生精上皮細(xì)胞層為4~7層,HE染色;1B.生精小管固有膜及間質(zhì)組織內(nèi)膠原纖維分布明顯,Masson染色;1C. 生精小管固有膜及間質(zhì)組織中網(wǎng)狀纖維較為豐富,Gomori染色;1D. 生精小管固有膜及間質(zhì)血管壁AB-PAS陽性反應(yīng)明顯,AB-PAS染色。1E~1H.老齡牦牛睪丸組織,1E.生精上皮細(xì)胞層為2~5層,HE染色;1F.生精小管基膜及間質(zhì)組織內(nèi)膠原纖維豐富,間質(zhì)結(jié)締組織較青年牦牛睪丸增加明顯,Masson染色;1G. 生精小管固有膜及間質(zhì)組織中網(wǎng)狀纖維豐富;Gomori染色;1H.生精小管固有膜及間質(zhì)血管壁AB-PAS陽性反應(yīng)較強,AB-PAS染色BC. Blood capillaries;CF,Collagen fiber; RF. Reticular fiber; Sc. Sertoli cells; ST. Seminiferious tubule; The black star represent Leydig cells (The same as below).1A-1D.Photomicrographs of young adult yak testis, Bar=20 μm;1A.Note 4-7 layers of peritubular cells, HE staining;1B.Photomicrographs of testis parenchyma of yaks stained by Masson, there were obvious connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules;1C.Photomicrographs of seminiferous tubule of yaks stained by Gomori, showing the reticular fibers was abundant in interstitial tissue and the tutnica propria;1D.AB-PAS positive stain in seminiferous basement and blood capillary of young adult yak testis.1E-1H.Photomicrographs of aging yak testis;1E.Note 2-5 layers of peritubular cells, HE staining;1F.Photomicrographs of testis parenchyma of yaks stained by Masson, the connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules were more abundant than in the young adult yak testis;1G.Photomicrographs of Seminiferous tubule of yaks stained by Gomori, showing the reticular fibers was more abundant in interstitial tissue and the tutnica propria;1H.Compared with young adult yak testis, there were more AB-PAS positive stain in aging yak seminiferous basement and blood capillary圖1 青年牦牛和老齡牦牛睪丸組織的比較Fig.1 Comparison of testis tissue between young adult and aging yak

數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計表明,老齡牦牛睪丸Sertoli細(xì)胞及Leydig細(xì)胞數(shù)均明顯低于青年牦牛,睪丸組織生精小管基膜及間質(zhì)組織內(nèi)膠原纖維豐富,生精小管外直徑減少,生精小管橫截面積顯著減小及間質(zhì)組織面積顯著增大(表1)。

2.2 老齡牦牛與青年牦牛睪丸細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白的分布比較

青年牦牛睪丸細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白免疫組化顯示,LN在各級生精細(xì)胞陽性表達(dá)明顯(圖2A,2B),Sertoli細(xì)胞和肌樣細(xì)胞均呈弱陽性表達(dá),而Leydig細(xì)胞為強陽性表達(dá)(圖2C);Col Ⅳ在生精小管各級生精細(xì)胞、Sertoli細(xì)胞和肌樣細(xì)胞均呈陽性表達(dá)(圖2D),Leydig細(xì)胞及毛細(xì)血管表達(dá)較弱(圖2E);HSPG在各級生精細(xì)胞弱表達(dá)、Leydig細(xì)胞及Sertoli細(xì)胞均為強陽性表達(dá)(圖2G),而在肌樣細(xì)胞弱表達(dá)(圖2H);各蛋白陰性對照無表達(dá)(圖2G)。

老齡牦牛睪丸細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白免疫組化觀察,LN生精上皮近官腔面生精細(xì)胞顯示有陽性表達(dá)(圖2H,2J),Sertoli細(xì)胞、肌樣細(xì)胞為弱陽性(圖2J),Leydig細(xì)胞幾乎無表達(dá)(圖2K);Col Ⅳ在生精小管各級生精細(xì)胞、Sertoli細(xì)胞和Leydig細(xì)胞均呈陽性表達(dá)(圖2L),肌樣細(xì)胞表達(dá)較弱(圖2M);HSPG在各級生精細(xì)胞弱表達(dá)、Sertoli細(xì)胞及肌樣細(xì)胞均為陽性表達(dá)(圖2N),在Leydig細(xì)胞幾乎無表達(dá)(圖2O);各蛋白陰性對照無表達(dá)(圖2P)。

2.3 老齡牦牛與青年牦牛睪丸細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相關(guān)蛋白的免疫組織化學(xué)檢測結(jié)果對比分析

免疫組織化學(xué)圖像分析結(jié)果顯示,老齡牦牛睪丸組織中LN和HSPG的分布顯著低于青年牦牛,不同年齡間Col Ⅳ檢測結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異;同一年齡段,LN、Col Ⅳ和HSPG在睪丸組織表達(dá)的平均吸光度相比不存在統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(表2,圖3)

年齡AgeSertoli細(xì)胞數(shù)/個NumbersofSertolicellsLeydig細(xì)胞數(shù)/個NumbersofLeydigcells生精小管外管徑/μmTheouterdiameteroftheseminiferoustubules生精小管橫截面積/μm2Seminiferoustubulearea平均間質(zhì)組織面積/μm2Meaningareaofinterstitialtissue青年牦牛Youngadultyaktestis28.46±5.3122.03±13.69236.93±37.8473718.59±224.928276.01±253.76老齡牦牛Agingyaktestis14.63±4.48?13.19±8.45?204.38±18.6546948.75±197.33??16863.58±171.53??

年齡Age平均吸光度AverageabsorbanceLNColⅣHSPG青年牦牛Youngadultyak0.0642±0.0046??0.0517±0.00590.0769±0.0041??老齡牦牛Agingyak0.0356±0.00180.0486±0.00830.0409±0.0063

3 討 論

高原低氧環(huán)境下睪丸組織形態(tài)學(xué)發(fā)生改變其生精功能也會受到影響[7]。研究表明,缺氧對雄性生育能力的抑制不可忽視,睪丸局部血液循環(huán)中氧含量較低,可導(dǎo)致各種酶及蛋白降解能力降低,精子生成數(shù)量減少[8],而在老齡挪威灰鼠睪丸生精上皮形態(tài)的改變是導(dǎo)致類固醇生成和精子發(fā)生下降的根本原因[9]。本研究中老齡牦牛睪丸實質(zhì)內(nèi)睪丸組織生精小管部分或完全退化,生殖細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,這與老年人生精小管形態(tài)變化一致,認(rèn)為是生精小管漸進(jìn)性退化逐漸萎縮的結(jié)構(gòu)特點[10]。哺乳動物睪丸間質(zhì)結(jié)締組織構(gòu)成間質(zhì)內(nèi)血管、淋巴管以及Leydig細(xì)胞等的組織支架。研究表明,牛睪丸間質(zhì)結(jié)締組織的膠原纖維含量隨不同品種而差異明顯,且結(jié)締組織的增加與精子質(zhì)量降低相關(guān)[11]。研究報道,大鼠生精小管管周的網(wǎng)狀纖維為生殖上皮結(jié)構(gòu)提供支持[12],在實驗性飲酒的成年雄性大鼠生精小管管周間質(zhì)組織的網(wǎng)狀纖維缺失,導(dǎo)致生精小管橫截面面積減小,生精上皮厚度減少,抑制精子生成[13]。本研究中與青年牦牛睪丸相比,老齡牦牛生精小管外直徑減少,間質(zhì)組織面積顯著增大,膠原纖維明顯增加,這些變化可能對老齡牦牛精子數(shù)量及質(zhì)量都會產(chǎn)生不利影響,導(dǎo)致生精功能下降。但本研究中老齡牦牛睪丸間質(zhì)網(wǎng)狀纖維豐富,其對生精小管形態(tài)改變的影響有待于進(jìn)一步分析。

2A~2C.LN在青年牦牛睪丸的表達(dá);2D~2E. Col Ⅳ在青年牦牛睪丸的表達(dá);2F~2G. HSPG在青年牦牛睪丸的表達(dá);2H. 青年牦牛睪丸免疫組化染色陰性對照;2I~2K. LN在老齡牦牛睪丸的表達(dá);2L~2M. Col Ⅳ在老齡牦牛睪丸的表達(dá);2N~2O. HSPG在老齡牦牛睪丸的表達(dá);2P.老齡牦牛睪丸免疫組化染色陰性對照2A-2C.The expression of LN in young adult yak testis;2D-2E.The expression of Col Ⅳ in young adult yak testis; 2F-2G.The expression of HSPG in young adult yak testis;2H.The control of young adult yak testis;2I-2K.The expression of LN in aging yak testis;2L-2M.The expression of Col Ⅳ in aging yak testis;2N-2O.The expression of HSPG in aging yak testis;2P.The control of aging yak testis圖2 免疫組化SP染色,蘇木素復(fù)染,LN、Col Ⅳ及HSPG在青年牦牛和老齡牦牛睪丸的表達(dá)Fig.2 LN,Col Ⅳ and HSPG expression in testis of young adult and aging yak by SP immunohistochemical staining,counterstain with hematoxylin

LN和 HSPG表達(dá)的平均吸光度在老齡牦牛和青年牦牛睪丸具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)顯著差異(與老齡牦牛相比,**P<0.01)The average absorbance of LN and HSPG expression was significantly higher in testis of young adult yak (Compared with counterparts of aging yak testis, ** P<0.01)圖3 LN、Col Ⅳ及HSPG在老齡牦牛和青年牦牛睪丸表達(dá)平均吸光度檢測結(jié)果Fig.3 Column graph of average absorbance of LN,Col Ⅳand HSPG expression in testis of young adult and aging yak

AB-PAS陽性反應(yīng)的糖原、糖蛋白以及蛋白多糖很典型地存在于結(jié)締組織、黏液以及基膜中,睪丸生精小管基膜的基本成分(如LN)是PAS特殊反應(yīng)陽性糖蛋白[14]。研究表明,短吻鱷在出生后1周至5月齡,AB-PAS陽性主要位于睪丸間質(zhì)結(jié)締組織、Leydig 細(xì)胞以及生精小管基膜,生精細(xì)胞的成熟伴隨著間質(zhì)組織增加,Leydig 細(xì)胞群的建立,AB-PAS陽性反應(yīng)區(qū)也會增加[14];而老齡小鼠AB-PAS在睪丸 Leydig 細(xì)胞及基質(zhì)中會再次出現(xiàn)強陽性反應(yīng)性[15]。本研究中老齡牦牛睪丸間質(zhì)血管及生精小管固有膜中AB-PAS陽性反應(yīng)較青年牦牛增強,可能與間質(zhì)組織中結(jié)締組織合成增加相關(guān)。睪丸間質(zhì)結(jié)締組織含量的增加會引起睪丸組織纖維化,影響Leydig 細(xì)胞分泌產(chǎn)物輸送,進(jìn)而影響其對睪丸生精功能調(diào)控作用[5]。由于高原生態(tài)環(huán)境的特殊性,牦牛的發(fā)情期和生殖機能是隨著季節(jié)變化的,主要表現(xiàn)為暖季發(fā)情。本研究中牦牛睪丸樣本均為發(fā)情間期采集,因此,除去繁殖季節(jié)、溫度、光照等環(huán)境因素的影響,老齡牦牛睪丸間質(zhì)AB-PAS陽性反應(yīng)增強可為結(jié)締組織成分合成增加的組織學(xué)參考。

哺乳動物睪丸中,生精小管基膜是ECM 的特殊型,Sertoli細(xì)胞和發(fā)育不同階段的生精細(xì)胞依賴于基膜的結(jié)構(gòu)支持完成其生理功能。研究表明,睪丸ECM的重要成分(如Col Ⅳ、LN及HSPG等)與生精細(xì)胞的蛋白酶、蛋白酶抑制子以及TNFα等細(xì)胞因子相互作用參與調(diào)控精子發(fā)生[2]。不同種屬動物睪丸基膜中的LN及Col Ⅳ在管周肌樣細(xì)胞發(fā)育時出現(xiàn),且在Sertoli細(xì)胞分化以及維持分化的各個階段發(fā)揮功能[16];本研究中LN在老齡牦牛睪丸Sertoli細(xì)胞和肌樣細(xì)胞表達(dá)與青年牦牛相似,提示LN在老齡牦牛睪丸Sertoli細(xì)胞形態(tài)及基膜構(gòu)成仍然發(fā)揮作用,與I.Virtanen等在人的研究相一致,這也可能是有助于老齡牦牛仍然具有一定的生精能力[17]。體外研究表明,LN能夠調(diào)節(jié)Leydig 細(xì)胞的合成分泌類固醇激素的能力[18];本研究中免疫組化檢測結(jié)果表明老齡后睪丸LN 顯著降低,且在Leydig細(xì)胞幾乎無表達(dá),提示睪丸內(nèi)其含量變化可能參與調(diào)節(jié)老齡后Leydig細(xì)胞的分泌功能。

Col Ⅳ是基膜的主要膠原成分,形成結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)架,它存在于所有的基膜中,使其具有韌性和通透性[19]。牛睪丸中Col Ⅳ主要存在于基膜,且Sertoli細(xì)胞、生精細(xì)胞以及肌樣細(xì)胞均可產(chǎn)生[20]。本研究中不同年齡牦牛睪丸組織Col Ⅳ在表達(dá)位置及強弱相似,在生精小管各級生精細(xì)胞、Sertoli細(xì)胞和肌樣細(xì)胞均呈陽性表達(dá),且Col Ⅳ平均吸光度檢測結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,提示在不同年齡牦牛Sertoli細(xì)胞和管周肌樣細(xì)胞均與合成Col Ⅳ密切相關(guān),老齡牦牛雖然Sertoli細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,但是其合成Col Ⅳ的能力或者并沒有下降。

研究表明[21],HSPG是人類生精上皮基膜層普遍存在的重要成分,不僅能結(jié)合基膜中的LN、Ⅰ型膠原等多種成分,而且還與基膜外多種成分及細(xì)胞外多功能信號分子結(jié)合,發(fā)揮其重要功能。在體外研究表明HSPG參與調(diào)解成年大鼠Leydig細(xì)胞睪酮的產(chǎn)生[22];免疫組化研究證實,HSPG在成熟且高度分化的上皮細(xì)胞不表達(dá)[23]。本研究中免疫組織化學(xué)圖像分析結(jié)果顯示,老齡牦牛睪丸組織HSPG的分布顯著低于青年牦牛,Sertoli細(xì)胞表達(dá)無明顯變化,主要為Leydig細(xì)胞表達(dá)降低,提示HSPG可能間接影響Leydig細(xì)胞分泌睪酮的功能。

因此,高原環(huán)境中老齡牦牛生精上皮退化伴隨著間質(zhì)結(jié)締組織成分增加、間質(zhì)面積增大、Leydig細(xì)胞及Sertoli細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少等形態(tài)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)變化;睪丸組織Col Ⅳ分泌增加且膠原纖維合成增強,LN和HSPG的顯著降低可能影響Leydig細(xì)胞合成分泌能力。

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[3] POULOSE N,RAJU R.Aging and injury:alterations in cellular energetics and organ function[J].AgingDis,2014,5(2):101-108.

[4] LI F,ZOU Y G,GUO W B,et al.The aged testis.A good model to find proteins involved in age-related changes of testis by proteomic analysis[J].JReprodMed,2014,59(1-2):31-38.

[5] POP O T,COTOI C G,PLEEA I E,et al.Histological and ultrastructural analysis of the seminiferous tubule wall in ageing testis[J].RomJMorpholEmbryol,2011,52(1):241-248.

[6] 閻 萍,潘和平.環(huán)境因素對牦牛繁殖性能的影響[J].畜牧與獸醫(yī),2004,36(5):15-16. YAN P,PAN H P.Environmental effects on yak reproductive performance[J].AnimalHusbandryandVeterinaryMedicine,2004,36(5):15-16.(in Chinese)

[7] MADRID E,REYES J G,HERNNDEZ B,et al.Effect of normobaric hypoxia on the testis in a murine model[J].Andrologia,2013,45(5):332-338.

[8] LIAO W,CAI M,CHEN J,et al.Hypobaric hypoxia causes deleterious effects on spermatogenesis in rats[J].Reproduction,2010,139(6):1031-1038.

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[13] FAKOYA F A,CAXTON-MARTINS E A.Morphological alterations in the seminiferous tubules of adult Wistar rats:the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure[J].FoliaMorphol(Warsz),2004,63(2):195-202.

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[17] VIRTANEN I,LOHI J,TANI T,et al.Distinct changes in the laminin composition of basement membranes in human seminiferous tubules during development and degeneration[J].AmJPathol, 1997,150(4):1421-1431.

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[21] 姜篤銀,付小兵,盛志勇.硫酸乙酰肝素糖蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)-功能多樣性與相關(guān)修飾酶群作用[J].中國病理生理雜志,2005,21(5):1020-1025. JIANG D Y,F(xiàn)U X B,SHENG Z Y.The diversity of structure and function of heparin sulfate proteoglycans via modification of some relative enzymes[J].ChineseJournalofPathophysiology,2005,21(5):1020-1025.(in Chinese)

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[23] HAYASHI K,HAYASHI M,JALKANEN M,et al.Immunocytochemistry of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan in mouse tissues.A light and electron microscopic study[J].JHistochemCytochem,1987,35(10):1079-1088.

(編輯 白永平)

Distribution of Extracellular Matrix Components in Aging Yak Testis

YUAN Li-gang*,ZHU Jun-feng,GU Lai-feng,CHEN Guo-juan

(CollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,GansuAgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou730070,China)

This study was conducted to characterize the structure and distribution of extracellular matrix(ECM) proteins of testis in aging yak testis.The testis from 9 aging and 10 young adult yak were prepared for distribution investigation of laminin(LN),type IV collagen(ColⅣ) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans(HSPG) by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry methods.The observations made with the light microscope showed obvious morphological changes of aging,there were partly progressive regressed in the seminiferous epithelium and the volume of interstitial tissues has further increased and abundant with collagen and reticular fiber,and also there were AB-PAS positive stain in aging yak seminiferous basement and blood capillary.Statistical data showed that the number of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in aging yak testis were reduced obviously,but the cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubules and average interstitial tissue areas were more larger than which in the young yak testis.Immunostaining analysis appeared that the LN was present similarity in Sertoli cells and peritubular myoid cells in the aging and young adult yak.The relative expression of LN in spermatogenic cells was decreased and almost no detected in aging yak Leydig cells(P<0.01).By contrast,the distribution of Col Ⅳ without statistical differences in yak testis at different ages.The relative expression of HSPG in the aging yak testis tissue was more lower than which in young adult yak,and the strong immunoreactivity for HSPG was seen in the Leydig cells(P<0.01).In addition,the average absorbance of LN,Col Ⅳand HSPG expression was no obvious difference between different ages.All the elements of the intralobular interstitial space may undergo degenerative changes in aging yak which live in plateau environment,the secretion of Col Ⅳ increased company with the synthesis of collagen fiber reinforced,and the distribution of ECM proteins LN and HSPG were significantly decreased may closely related with the alterations of Leydig cells′ synthesis and secretion ability.

aging yak;testis;laminin;collagenⅣ;heparan sulfate proteoglycans;immunohistochemistry

10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.09.023

2014-12-25

國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31160488)

袁莉剛(1974-),女,甘肅隴南人,博士,教授,主要從事動物發(fā)育生物學(xué)研究

*通信作者:袁莉剛,E-mail:yuan2918@126.com,Tel:0931-7631229

S852.162

A

0366-6964(2015)09-1656-07

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