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血?dú)夥治鲋袆?dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血電解質(zhì)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性研究

2015-03-21 04:29牟愛(ài)珍李衍森紀(jì)凡層
關(guān)鍵詞:動(dòng)脈血血?dú)?/a>分析儀

牟愛(ài)珍,李衍森,紀(jì)凡層△

(濰坊市人民醫(yī)院:1.麻醉科;2.檢驗(yàn)科,山東濰坊 261041)

血?dú)夥治鲋袆?dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血電解質(zhì)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性研究

牟愛(ài)珍1,李衍森2,紀(jì)凡層1△

(濰坊市人民醫(yī)院:1.麻醉科;2.檢驗(yàn)科,山東濰坊 261041)

目的分析血?dú)夥治鲋袆?dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血電解質(zhì)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性。方法選取擬行中心靜脈穿刺和橈動(dòng)脈穿刺的麻醉患者72例,在全身麻醉誘導(dǎo)后10 min分別抽取動(dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血,使用GEM Premier 3000血?dú)夥治鰞x進(jìn)行血?dú)夥治觯瑢?duì)Na+、K+、Ca2+濃度的測(cè)定值進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果動(dòng)脈血中Na+:(138.81±2.40)mmol/L,靜脈血中Na+:(139.90±2.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);動(dòng)脈血中K+:(3.92±0.42)mmol/L,靜脈血中K+:(3.93±0.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.01);動(dòng)脈血中Ca2+:(1.30±0.04)mmol/L,靜脈血中Ca2+:(1.32±0.05)mmol/L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論動(dòng)脈血和中心靜脈脈血血?dú)夥治鲋袦y(cè)定的Na+、Ca2+的離子濃度有明顯差異,中心靜脈血濃度略高于動(dòng)脈血,而K+的濃度無(wú)明顯差異。

動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治觯?靜脈血?dú)夥治觯?鈉離子; 鉀離子; 鈣離子

隨著危重、復(fù)雜手術(shù)患者的增多,手術(shù)實(shí)施過(guò)程中常常需要行動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治鰜?lái)判斷機(jī)體的氧供等情況。在行血?dú)夥治鰰r(shí)同時(shí)能夠測(cè)定部分離子濃度,判斷機(jī)體的內(nèi)環(huán)境情況。但對(duì)于動(dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血測(cè)得的離子濃度有無(wú)區(qū)別,是否存在相關(guān)性,尚無(wú)明確報(bào)道。本研究對(duì)手術(shù)過(guò)程中同一時(shí)刻抽取的動(dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血分別行血?dú)夥治?,得出離子濃度并進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,旨在為臨床醫(yī)生提供參考。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取擇期擬在全身麻醉下行腹部大手術(shù)的患者72例,年齡52~74歲,ASAI-Ⅲ級(jí),排除術(shù)前電解質(zhì)、血常規(guī)異?;颊?。本研究獲得了醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并且與患者或家屬簽署知情同意書(shū)。

1.2 方法 入室后建立中心靜脈、橈動(dòng)脈通路,輸液開(kāi)始用乳酸鈉林格氏液,速度為1 000 m L/h。麻醉誘導(dǎo)氣管插管后實(shí)施機(jī)械通氣,潮氣量為10 m L/kg,呼吸頻率為12次/分,吸呼比為1∶2,吸入氣中的氧濃度分?jǐn)?shù)(FiO2)=1.0,維持呼氣末CO235~45 mm Hg。誘導(dǎo)10 min后,用0.2%肝素注射液沖管后的空針?lè)謩e抽取動(dòng)、靜脈全血1 m L。即刻采用GEM Premier 3000血?dú)夥治鰞x(美國(guó)IL公司)進(jìn)行血?dú)夥治?,?yán)格按照監(jiān)測(cè)儀提供的吸入氧濃度、溫度、血液類(lèi)別輸入分析儀。選取Na+,K+,Ca2+的測(cè)定值進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。動(dòng)脈血標(biāo)本設(shè)為A組,中心靜脈血標(biāo)本設(shè)為V組。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。測(cè)得的離子濃度采用±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.01為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。將動(dòng)脈血測(cè)得的離子濃度設(shè)為X,靜脈血相應(yīng)離子濃度設(shè)為X,推導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的直線回歸方程。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 動(dòng)脈血和靜脈血Na+離子濃度的相關(guān)性分析 A組Na+:(138.81±2.40)mmol/L,V組Na+:(139.90±2.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.008 7<0.01)。直線回歸方程為Y=0.825X+25.393,相關(guān)系數(shù):r2=0.682,見(jiàn)圖1。

2.2 動(dòng)脈血和靜脈血K+離子濃度的相關(guān)性分析 A組K+:(3.92±0.42)mmol/L,V組K+:(3.93±0.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.727 0>0.01),直線回歸方程為Y=0.807X+0.762,回歸系數(shù):r2=0.754,見(jiàn)圖2。

2.3 動(dòng)脈血和靜脈血Ca2+離子濃度的相關(guān)性分析 A組

Ca2+:(1.30±0.04)mmol/L,V組Ca2+:(1.32±0.05)mmol/

L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000 5<0.01),直線回歸方程為Y=1.047 1X-0.038 0,回歸系數(shù):r2=0.780,見(jiàn)圖3。

3 討 論

麻醉過(guò)程中常常抽取動(dòng)脈血或者中性靜脈血行血?dú)夥治?,血?dú)夥治鰣?bào)告中有Na+、K+、Ca2+的濃度數(shù)據(jù),此數(shù)據(jù)是否可以用于診斷電解質(zhì)情況,尚無(wú)明確定論。對(duì)于動(dòng)脈血和靜脈血離子濃度的相關(guān)性及差異,國(guó)內(nèi)外有很多研究[1-8]。大部分是動(dòng)脈全血和外周或者中心靜脈血清對(duì)比[9],不同生化分析儀會(huì)得到不同的結(jié)果[10],結(jié)論具有較大的差異。因?yàn)橐后w肝素鈉的稀釋和結(jié)合作用對(duì)測(cè)定值有一定的影響[11]。本研究選取同一時(shí)點(diǎn)和同一機(jī)器進(jìn)行測(cè)定,避免了機(jī)體變化和不同儀器對(duì)測(cè)定值的影響。抽取血樣后隔絕空氣立即檢測(cè),避免了血樣保存時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)對(duì)離子濃度的影響,因此本研究獲得的數(shù)據(jù)可靠性要優(yōu)于其他研究。生化分析儀采用的是間接電極法,GEM Premier 3000血?dú)夥治鰞x采用的是直接電極法,與生化分析儀相比Na+、K+、Ca2+的測(cè)定值偏低。

本研究表明,靜脈血中Na+、Ca2+濃度的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析顯示均明顯高于動(dòng)脈血,但此濃度的差異不會(huì)給臨床處理帶來(lái)明顯不同的處理方法,因此在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中可以忽略其不同。動(dòng)脈血和靜脈血中的K+離子濃度無(wú)明顯差異,因此可以使用動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治鲋械腒+濃度代替靜脈血K+濃度。動(dòng)脈血和靜脈血產(chǎn)生差異的原因可能為體內(nèi)血?dú)夥謮旱母淖?,如PCO2、PO2、p H值等因素和代謝因素均可影響體內(nèi)離子濃度[12-18]。

綜上所述,動(dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血?dú)夥治鲋袦y(cè)定的Na+、Ca2+的離子濃度有差異,但具有明顯的相關(guān)性,中心靜脈血的離子濃度略高于動(dòng)脈血;而K+的濃度無(wú)明顯差異。動(dòng)脈血和中心靜脈血離子濃度的差異值得臨床醫(yī)生關(guān)注,以便更準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行診斷和用藥。

[1]Shin CS,Chang CH,Kim JH.Liquid heparin anticoagulant produces more negative bias in the determination of ionized Magnesium than ionized Calcium[J].Yonsei Med J,2006,47(2):191-195.

[2]Sachs C,Rabouine P,Chaneac M,et al.Preanalytical errors in ionized Calcium measurements induced by the use of liquid heparin[J].Ann Clin Biochem,1991,28(Pt 2):167-173.

[3]付曉.動(dòng)靜脈血部分生化指標(biāo)比較[J].檢驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)與臨床,2008,5(4):207-208.

[4]Kelly AM.Review article:Can venous blood gas analysis replace arterial in emergency medical care[J].Emerg Med Australas,2010,22(6):493-498.

[5]Middleton P,Kelly AM,Brown J,et al.Agreement between arterial and central venous values for p H,bicarbonate,base excess,and lactate[J].Emerg Med J,2006,23(8):622-624.

[6]Kelly AM,Mc Alpine R,Kyle E.Venous p H can safely replace arterial p H in the initial evaluation of patients in the emergency department[J].Emerg Med J,2001,18(5):340-342.

[7]Herrington WG,Nye HJ,Hammersley MS,et al.Are arterial and venous samples clinically equivalent for the estimation of p H,serum bicarbonate and potassium concentration in critically ill patients[J].Diabet Med,2012,29(1):32-35.

[8]Bloom BM,Grundlingh J,Bestwick JP,et al.The role of venous blood gas in the emergency department:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Eur J Emerg Med,2014,21(2):81-88.

[9] 田強(qiáng),沈云峰,張洪波.動(dòng)脈全血和靜脈血漿中鉀和鈉比較分析[J].江漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,2011,39(2):73-75.

[10]程俊錄,薛朝霞,馬濤洪,等.動(dòng)脈全血和靜脈血清檢測(cè)血鉀濃度的比較[J].山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2003,34(5):440-442.

[11]段軍,叢魯紅,許峰,等.動(dòng)脈血?dú)庵须娊赓|(zhì)測(cè)定與常規(guī)靜脈血電解質(zhì)測(cè)定的比較分析[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)師雜志,2009,11(8):1135-1137.

[12]Malatesha G,Singh NK,Bharija A,et al.Comparison of arterial and venous p H,bicarbonate,PCO2 and PO2 in initial emergency department assessment[J].Emerg Med J,2007,24(8):569-571.

[13]McCanny P,Bennett K,Staunton P,et al.Venous vs arterial blood gases in the assessment of patients presenting with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Am J Emerg Med,2012,30(6):896-900.

[14]Ak A,Ogun CO,Bayir A,et al.Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Tohoku J Exp Med,2006,210(4):285-290.

[15]Novovic M,Topic V.Correlation between arterial and venous blood gas analysis parameters in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Srp Arh Celok Lek,2012,140(7/8):436-440.

[16]Razi E,Moosavi GA.Comparison of arterial and venous blood gases analysis in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Saudi Med J,2007,28(6):862-865.

[17]Gokel Y,Paydas S,Koseoglu Z,et al.Comparison of blood gas and acid-base measurements in arterial and venous blood samples in patients with uremic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency room[J].Am J Nephrol,2000,20(4):319-323.

[18]Brandenburg MA,Dire DJ.Comparison of arterial and venous blood gas values in the initial emergency department evaluation of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis[J].Ann Emerg Med,1998,31(4):459-465.

Evaluation of the correlation of ion concentration between arterial and central venous blood gas values in patients

Mu Aizhen1,Li Yansen2,Ji Fanceng1△

(1.Department of anesthesiology;2.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Weifang People's Hospital,Weifang,Shandong 261041,China)

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between ion concentrations of arterial and central venous blood in blood gas analysis.MethodsThis prospective study was performed in 72 patients with a central venous catheter and an artery catheter.A central venous blood sample and an artery blood sample were obtained at the same time after 10 minutes′anesthesia induction.Correlation analysis of the ion concentrations such as Na+,K+,Ca2+between those in arterial and central venous blood were performed.The ion concentrations were determined by using GEM Premier 3000 Blood Gas Analysis System.ResultsThe concentration value of Na+in artery blood was(138.81±2.40)mmol/L and in central venous blood was(139.90±2.39)mmol/L,there was significant difference between them(P<0.01).The concentration value of K+in artery blood was(3.92±0.42)mmol/L and in central venous blood was(3.93±0.39)mmol/L,which were not significantly different(P>0.01).The values of Ca2+in artery blood was(1.30± 0.04)mmol/L and in central venous blood was(1.32±0.05)mmol/L,which were significantly different(P<0.01).Conclusion

There is significant difference between Na+,Ca2+concentrations in arterial blood gas analysis and those in central venous blood gas analysis,central venous blood is relatively higher than artery blood,while no statistically significant difference is observed for K+concentration.

arterial blood gas analysis; central venous blood gas analysis; sodium; kalium; calcium

10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2015.17.031

A

1673-4130(2015)17-2529-02

2015-04-22)

牟愛(ài)珍,女,醫(yī)師,主要從事臨床檢驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)的研究。△

,E-mail:jifanceng@163.com。

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