宋 爽,崔 培,王堯堯,蔣書(shū)東,章孝榮,方富貴,李福寶
(安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,安徽 合肥 230036)
神經(jīng)激肽B在大鼠下丘腦-垂體-卵巢軸上的表達(dá)
宋 爽,崔 培,王堯堯,蔣書(shū)東,章孝榮,方富貴,李福寶
(安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,安徽 合肥 230036)
【目的】 探究初情期啟動(dòng)前、啟動(dòng)中、啟動(dòng)后大鼠下丘腦、垂體和卵巢中神經(jīng)激肽B(Neurokinin B,NKB)的表達(dá)變化?!痉椒ā?以SD雌性大鼠為研究對(duì)象,分別取大鼠的下丘腦、垂體和卵巢組織制作冰凍切片,運(yùn)用免疫熒光染色法檢測(cè)SD大鼠下丘腦、垂體和卵巢上NKB的分布?!窘Y(jié)果】 NKB主要分布于各時(shí)期大鼠下丘腦的弓狀核、腹內(nèi)側(cè)核、室旁核、腺垂體以及卵巢的黃體細(xì)胞、間質(zhì)細(xì)胞。但NKB在不同時(shí)期表達(dá)水平不同,在初情期啟動(dòng)前(出生后25 d)和啟動(dòng)后(出生后60 d)表達(dá)最強(qiáng),在初情期啟動(dòng)中最弱(P<0.05)。同一時(shí)期不同核團(tuán)之間NKB表達(dá)水平也不同,初情期啟動(dòng)前和啟動(dòng)中室旁核最強(qiáng),弓狀核次之,腹內(nèi)側(cè)核最弱(P<0.05);在初情期啟動(dòng)后,弓狀核和腹內(nèi)側(cè)核中NKB的表達(dá)顯著高于室旁核(P<0.05)。腺垂體中NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)時(shí)表達(dá)最強(qiáng),初情期啟動(dòng)前次之,初情期啟動(dòng)后最弱(P<0.05)。卵巢間質(zhì)細(xì)胞中NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)中的表達(dá)顯著低于初情期啟動(dòng)前、后(P<0.05)。卵巢黃體細(xì)胞中NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)后表達(dá)最強(qiáng),初情期啟動(dòng)時(shí)最弱?!窘Y(jié)論】 NKB可能與初情期啟動(dòng)的調(diào)控密切相關(guān)。
神經(jīng)激肽B;初情期啟動(dòng);大鼠;下丘腦;垂體;卵巢
神經(jīng)激肽B(Neurokinin B,NKB)又名神經(jīng)介素K(Neurokinin K),是速激肽家族(Tachykinin family)的一員[1]。NKB是Kimura等于1983年首先從豬脊髓中分離出來(lái)的含有10個(gè)氨基酸的多肽[2]。速激肽家族主要由P物質(zhì)(SP)、神經(jīng)激肽A(K物質(zhì))和NKB組成。Amstalden等[3]通過(guò)對(duì)IHH患者進(jìn)行遺傳學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),NKB及其受體參與生殖調(diào)控。
初情期的啟動(dòng)是動(dòng)物獲得繁殖能力的標(biāo)志,初情期啟動(dòng)始于下丘腦促性腺激素釋放激素(Gonadotropin releasinghormone,GnRH)脈沖式分泌的提高。研究顯示,動(dòng)物胚胎早期GnRH神經(jīng)元有活化跡象,隨后進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài),直至初情期啟動(dòng)才再次活化[4]。應(yīng)用免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)法結(jié)合腹腔注射熒光逆行示蹤技術(shù),可觀察到GnRH神經(jīng)元纖維束在大鼠下丘腦正中隆起處與NKB免疫陽(yáng)性纖維密切交織,且GnRH神經(jīng)元軸突表達(dá)NKB受體NK3R[5],提示NKB可能參與GnRH神經(jīng)元的再次活化,從而啟動(dòng)初情期。
目前關(guān)于NKB在大鼠[5]、綿羊[6]、猴子[7]、山羊[8]、小鼠[9]等動(dòng)物生殖軸上分布的報(bào)道較多,但大多數(shù)僅涉及生殖軸中的某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)部分的組織、器官。另外,關(guān)于生殖軸上NKB的分布及表達(dá)量仍存在爭(zhēng)議,缺少對(duì)生殖軸整體的研究,而關(guān)于初情期啟動(dòng)前后動(dòng)物生殖軸上NKB的表達(dá)變化更是鮮有報(bào)道。本試驗(yàn)運(yùn)用免疫熒光技術(shù)對(duì)大鼠初情期啟動(dòng)前、啟動(dòng)中、啟動(dòng)后生殖軸上NKB的分布及表達(dá)變化進(jìn)行了研究,旨在為NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)中的調(diào)控作用研究提供形態(tài)學(xué)依據(jù)。
1.1 試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
處于發(fā)情周期不同階段的SD雌性大鼠15只,其中初情期啟動(dòng)前(出生后25 d)、初情期啟動(dòng)中(陰門(mén)開(kāi)啟)、初情期啟動(dòng)后(出生后60 d)[10]各5只。
1.2 采樣及切片制作
麻醉處死大鼠,取下丘腦、垂體、卵巢,放入已準(zhǔn)備好的體積分?jǐn)?shù)4%的多聚甲醛固定液中,固定12~24 h后取出,經(jīng)0.1 mol/L PBS充分洗滌后,置于4 ℃的0.3 g/mL蔗糖溶液中直至組織沉底,隨即制備冰凍切片,其中下丘腦切片厚度25 μm,垂體和卵巢均為8 μm。將冰凍切片放入盛有0.01 mol/L PBS(pH 7.4)的6孔板中待用。
1.3 切片的免疫熒光染色
將切片用鉤環(huán)撈入24孔板用于免疫熒光染色。切片用PBS浸洗3次,每次10 min,用體積分?jǐn)?shù)1% Triton(V(Triton)∶V(PBS)=1∶99)孵育10~20 min,用0.1 g/mL牛血清白蛋白封閉15 min,甩去封閉液,加入NKB一抗 (羊抗鼠NKB,SANTA CRUZ,編號(hào)sc-14109,稀釋倍數(shù)1∶200),置于濕盒內(nèi)4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜。過(guò)夜孵育的切片用PBS洗3次,每次10 min,加入二抗IgGtR(用tR標(biāo)記的兔抗山羊IgG,SANTA CRUZ,編號(hào)sc-2780,稀釋倍數(shù)1∶200),室溫下避光孵育2 h, PBS 洗3次,每次10 min, DAPI染核2 min,避光條件下用PBS 洗3次,每次5 min,將組織切片置于滴有甘油的載玻片上,蓋上蓋玻片即可在顯微鏡下觀察。最后將組織切片展貼于載玻片上。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置陰性對(duì)照組,一抗用PBS替代,其他步驟相同。
1.4 圖像采集及分析
甘油封片后置于熒光顯微鏡(OLYMPUS DP72,奧林巴斯)下觀察,然后拍照。運(yùn)用Image-pro plus 6.0軟件對(duì)陽(yáng)性區(qū)域平均光密度值(Density mean)進(jìn)行分析。平均光密度值用“平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差”表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)分析差異顯著性。
2.1 NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)前后大鼠下丘腦中的表達(dá)
免疫熒光顯示,NKB免疫反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞在熒光顯微鏡下有橙紅色熒光,陰性對(duì)照組無(wú)熒光。不同發(fā)育時(shí)期所有大鼠下丘腦的弓狀核、腹內(nèi)側(cè)核、室旁核均有NKB表達(dá)(圖1)。由表1可知,不同時(shí)期的同一核團(tuán)平均光密度值不同。初情期啟動(dòng)中,NKB在各個(gè)核團(tuán)上的表達(dá)顯著低于初情期啟動(dòng)前(P<0.05);在弓狀核和室旁核的表達(dá)顯著高于初情期啟動(dòng)后(P<0.05),在腹內(nèi)側(cè)核的表達(dá)顯著低于初情期啟動(dòng)后(P<0.05);在弓狀核和室旁核,初情期啟動(dòng)前(出生后25 d)和啟動(dòng)后(出生后60 d)NKB的表達(dá)差異不顯著(P>0.05),而在腹內(nèi)側(cè)核初情期啟動(dòng)前和啟動(dòng)后差異顯著(P<0.05)。同一時(shí)期不同核團(tuán)平均光密度值也不同,初情期啟動(dòng)前和啟動(dòng)中,NKB在大鼠下丘腦室旁核中表達(dá)最強(qiáng)(P<0.05),弓狀核次之,腹內(nèi)側(cè)核最弱;初情期啟動(dòng)后NKB在大鼠下丘腦弓狀核和腹內(nèi)側(cè)核中的表達(dá)顯著高于室旁核(P<0.05)。
注:同行數(shù)據(jù)后標(biāo)不同大寫(xiě)字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05),同列數(shù)據(jù)后標(biāo)不同小寫(xiě)字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05)。
Note:Different capital letters indicate significant difference in each row (P<0.05),different small letters indicate significant difference in each column (P<0.05).
2.2 NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)前后大鼠垂體中的表達(dá)
免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示,陰性對(duì)照組無(wú)熒光;由表2可知,初情期啟動(dòng)前后大鼠腺垂體中均有NKB表達(dá)(圖2),但不同時(shí)期的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度不同。初情期啟動(dòng)中NKB在腺垂體中的表達(dá)水平顯著高于初情期啟動(dòng)前和啟動(dòng)后(P<0.05),而在初情期啟動(dòng)前和啟動(dòng)后NKB的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度之間無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)(表2)。
注:同列數(shù)據(jù)后標(biāo)不同字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05),“-”表示無(wú)NKB表達(dá)。
Note:Different letters in each column mean significant difference(P<0.05).“-” shows no NKB expression.
2.3 NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)前后大鼠卵巢中的表達(dá)
NKB在初情期啟動(dòng)前后大鼠卵巢中的表達(dá)見(jiàn)圖3。免疫熒光染色結(jié)果顯示,陰性對(duì)照組無(wú)熒光。NKB在各個(gè)時(shí)期大鼠卵巢間質(zhì)細(xì)胞中均有表達(dá),而在黃體細(xì)胞中只表達(dá)于初情期啟動(dòng)中和初情期啟動(dòng)后(圖3)。由表2可知,初情期啟動(dòng)中在卵巢間質(zhì)細(xì)胞中NKB表達(dá)水平顯著低于初情期啟動(dòng)前和啟動(dòng)后(P<0.05);且初情期啟動(dòng)前NKB在卵巢間質(zhì)細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度顯著高于初情期啟動(dòng)后(P<0.05);在初情期啟動(dòng)中,卵巢黃體細(xì)胞中NKB表達(dá)程度顯著低于初情期啟動(dòng)后(P<0.05)。
雌性動(dòng)物的生殖機(jī)能受下丘腦-垂體-卵巢軸的調(diào)控,且有多種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)共同參與,其中GnRH脈沖式分泌的激活是啟動(dòng)青春期的關(guān)鍵。
本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,NKB主要分布于各時(shí)期大鼠下丘腦的弓狀核、室旁核和腹內(nèi)側(cè)核。這與前人在小鼠[9]、大鼠[11]、猴子[12]、皖西白鵝[13]等動(dòng)物上的定位研究結(jié)果部分相似。但與Navarro等[14]報(bào)道的大鼠下丘腦視上核存在NKB的研究結(jié)果不一致,這可能與抗體或者試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物品種不同有關(guān)。
下丘腦NKB所在核團(tuán)與GnRH神經(jīng)元所在的正中隆起等部位毗鄰。Seminara等[15]和Krajewski等[16]采用熒光逆行追蹤結(jié)合免疫熒光雙標(biāo)記法研究發(fā)現(xiàn),NKB神經(jīng)纖維和GnRH神經(jīng)纖維在正中隆起處交織,且該部位共存有NKB受體NK3R。下丘腦弓狀核是促性腺激素分泌的主要調(diào)控中心,弓狀核上有NKB神經(jīng)元,則說(shuō)明NKB和GnRH神經(jīng)元可能存在結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上的緊密關(guān)系。近期人類(lèi)基因?qū)W研究發(fā)現(xiàn),編碼NKB和其受體的基因功能缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致促性腺激素分泌不足從而造成性腺功能減退甚至不育[3],提示NKB可能是調(diào)控生殖的又一重要因子。Navarro等[9]研究認(rèn)為,GPR54和NK3R激活對(duì)初情期前小鼠性腺軸的作用是一致的:給性腺切除小鼠腦室內(nèi)注射N(xiāo)KB激動(dòng)劑后發(fā)現(xiàn)kiss1神經(jīng)元C-fos mRNA表達(dá)增加,而kiss1神經(jīng)元具有促進(jìn)GnRH分泌的作用[17],被認(rèn)為是初情期啟動(dòng)的“看門(mén)人”[11],可見(jiàn)NKB可能通過(guò)kiss1調(diào)控初情期啟動(dòng)。García-Galiano等[18]報(bào)道TA3C基因位于kiss1神經(jīng)元的上游,直接或間接作用于kiss1神經(jīng)元以調(diào)節(jié)生殖功能。由此筆者認(rèn)為,NKB可能在初情期啟動(dòng)前、后直接參與對(duì)GnRH的調(diào)節(jié)作用,這與Navarro等[9]認(rèn)為“NKB直接激活KNDy神經(jīng)元隨后驅(qū)動(dòng)GnRH神經(jīng)元和促性腺激素分泌”的研究結(jié)果類(lèi)似。此外,研究表明,大鼠GnRH分泌呈周期性變化,初情期啟動(dòng)前分泌顯著增加,排卵前的分泌量最大,初情期啟動(dòng)后次之,啟動(dòng)中的分泌量最少[19]。
而本試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),初情期啟動(dòng)前、啟動(dòng)后大鼠下丘腦各核團(tuán)上NKB的表達(dá)量顯著高于初情期啟動(dòng)中,這與GnRH的分泌規(guī)律存在一定相似處。初情期啟動(dòng)前,機(jī)體內(nèi)源性性腺激素水平驟降,低水平的性腺激素能夠負(fù)反饋刺激下丘腦分泌GnRH,而此時(shí)下丘腦的NKB表達(dá)量最高,Kauffman等[20]在卵巢摘除小鼠的試驗(yàn)中也得到了相似的結(jié)論。提示下丘腦NKB可能參與性腺激素對(duì)GnRH的調(diào)控從而調(diào)控大鼠初情期的啟動(dòng)。但是關(guān)于NKB到底是通過(guò)何種方式參與生殖調(diào)控以及在生殖調(diào)控中的路徑等問(wèn)題還不甚明確,有待于進(jìn)一步的研究。
本研究首次報(bào)道了NKB在大鼠垂體和卵巢上的定位分布。腦垂體是動(dòng)物體內(nèi)重要的內(nèi)分泌腺,是調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體生理平衡的總開(kāi)關(guān),在代謝、生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育和生殖等方面起著重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用。垂體分為神經(jīng)垂體和腺垂體。其中腺垂體是內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)的重要調(diào)控樞紐,受下丘腦釋放激素和靶腺激素的雙重調(diào)節(jié)[21]。已有的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),下丘腦弓狀核上的NKB通過(guò)傳出神經(jīng)元進(jìn)入垂體門(mén)脈循環(huán)從而影響垂體前葉LH和FSH釋放[22]。Billings等[23]在母羊上發(fā)現(xiàn),NKB可以促進(jìn)LH分泌。且Ruiz-Pino等[24]研究表明,NKB受體激動(dòng)劑對(duì)于雌性大鼠LH分泌有持續(xù)性的興奮作用,提示NKB可能通過(guò)腺垂體參與下丘腦-垂體-性腺軸的調(diào)控作用,進(jìn)而影響促性腺激素的分泌。Mijiddorj等[25]于2012年發(fā)現(xiàn)NKB在腦垂體的GH3細(xì)胞系中參與促進(jìn)催乳素的分泌。說(shuō)明NKB可直接作用于腦垂體。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,NKB主要在腺垂體上表達(dá),神經(jīng)垂體上未見(jiàn)分布。提示NKB可能直接作用于腺垂體調(diào)控生殖作用。
本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,NKB在各個(gè)時(shí)期大鼠卵巢間質(zhì)細(xì)胞以及啟動(dòng)中和啟動(dòng)后大鼠黃體細(xì)胞中均有不同程度的表達(dá)。而卵巢間質(zhì)細(xì)胞能夠合成雄激素,卵巢黃體細(xì)胞參與機(jī)體雌激素和孕激素的合成與分泌,提示NKB可能與性腺激素的合成和分泌有關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果表明,初情期啟動(dòng)后大鼠卵巢黃體細(xì)胞上的NKB表達(dá)最強(qiáng),初情期啟動(dòng)中最弱。Rance等[26]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),絕經(jīng)婦女的弓狀核神經(jīng)元肥大,NKB表達(dá)增加。切除卵巢的雌猴和鼠其下丘腦NKB表達(dá)亦增加,切除睪丸的動(dòng)物也有同樣的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生[27-28]。另外,給予性腺切除的動(dòng)物雌激素治療能夠抑制NKB表達(dá),表明NKB表達(dá)增加是由于卵巢雌激素分泌減少造成的[27]。由此可見(jiàn),高水平的雌激素不僅能夠抑制下丘腦NKB的表達(dá),而且能夠下調(diào)卵巢上NKB的表達(dá)。Navarro等[27]也發(fā)現(xiàn),NKB信號(hào)肽在雌性大鼠初情期啟動(dòng)中呈弱陽(yáng)性表達(dá),提示NKB可能通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)性腺激素的分泌從而參與機(jī)體生殖和發(fā)育過(guò)程。
綜上所述,NKB在雌性大鼠的下丘腦、腺垂體以及卵巢中均有不同程度的表達(dá),且在初情期啟動(dòng)前、后表達(dá)最強(qiáng),揭示NKB可能在初情期啟動(dòng)的過(guò)程中有重要的作用。有關(guān)NKB對(duì)初情期啟動(dòng)以及對(duì)激素調(diào)節(jié)的作用機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步的研究。
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Expression of Neurokinin B in hypothalamus,pituitary and ovary of rats
SONG Shuang,CUI Pei,WANG Yao-yao,JIANG Shu-dong, ZHANG Xiao-rong,FANG Fu-gui,LI Fu-bao
(CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,AnhuiAgriculturalUniversity,Hefei,Anhui230036,China)
【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the change in expression of Neurokinin B (NKB) in hypothalamus,pituitary and ovary of rats at prepuberty,puberty-onset and post puberty.【Method】 Females SD rats were selected and their hypothalamus,pituitary and ovary were taken for frozen section before immunofluorescence staining technology was used to detect the distribution of NKB in hypothalamus,pituitary and ovary.【Result】 NKB was mainly distributed in arcuate nucleus,ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus,paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamic,adenohypophysis cells,and corpus luteum cells and stromal cells of ovary of rats.Expression intensity of NKB in hypothalamu was different at different periods with the strongest expression at prepuberty (on postnatal 25th day) and post puberty (on postnatal 60th day) (P<0.05) and the weakest at puberty-onset (P<0.05).Different nucles had different expression levels at the same time,at prepuberty and puberty-onset the strongest expression was found in the paraventricular nucleus followed by arcuate nucleus,while the weakest was in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (P<0.05);while at post puberty,the strongest expression was found in arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus,while the weakest expression was in the paraventricular nucleus.The strongest expression intensity of NKB in pituitary was found at puberty-onset,followed by prepuberty and post puberty (P<0.05).Expression intensity of NKB in stromal cells of ovary at puberty-onset was significantly lower than that at prepuberty and post puberty (P<0.05).The weakest expression intensity of NKB was found at puberty-onset,while the strongest expression was at post puberty in stromal cells of ovary.【Conclusion】 NKB may be closely related to the control of puberty onset.
NKB;puberty onset;rats;hypothalamus;pituitary;ovary
2014-01-01
高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)科研基金博導(dǎo)類(lèi)資助課題(20123418110004);安徽省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(1208085MC39)
宋 爽(1986-),女,河南南陽(yáng)人,碩士,主要從事動(dòng)物解剖與生殖內(nèi)分泌研究。E-mail:shuangalice2011@163.com
李福寶(1953-),男,安徽固鎮(zhèn)人,教授,主要從事動(dòng)物解剖與生殖內(nèi)分泌研究。E-mail:lfb@ahau.edu.cn
時(shí)間:2015-05-11 15:03
10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2015.06.023
S852.1
A
1671-9387(2015)06-0007-08
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1390.S.20150511.1503.023.html