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高吸水性樹脂協(xié)同高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲對(duì)細(xì)粒棘球絳蚴原頭節(jié)細(xì)胞酶活性的影響

2015-02-14 08:08王夢(mèng)瑩趙毅峰韓秀敏李發(fā)琪
中國人獸共患病學(xué)報(bào) 2015年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:棘球細(xì)粒懸液

張 靜,王夢(mèng)瑩,葉 彬,趙毅峰,韓秀敏,李發(fā)琪,王 琦

高吸水性樹脂協(xié)同高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲對(duì)細(xì)粒棘球絳蚴原頭節(jié)細(xì)胞酶活性的影響

張 靜1,2,王夢(mèng)瑩2,葉 彬1,2,趙毅峰3,韓秀敏4,李發(fā)琪5,王 琦5

目的 為探索高吸水性樹脂(Super Absorbent Resin,SAR)協(xié)同高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲(high intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)對(duì)離體細(xì)粒棘球絳蚴原頭節(jié)酶活性的影響。方法 將離體原頭節(jié)懸液(每mL含有2 000個(gè)原頭節(jié)),分為4組:I組(僅原頭節(jié)懸液)、Ⅱ組:僅SAR組( 0.01 gSAR)、III組(單純HIFU照射)、IV組(HIFU照射+ 0.01gSAR)、Ⅴ組(HIFU照射+ 0.1 gSAR)。以聲功率為100 w的高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲波輻照30 s,輻照后懸液涂片進(jìn)行臺(tái)盼蘭及經(jīng)冰凍切片酶組織化學(xué)染色,觀察原頭節(jié)形態(tài)學(xué)改變,并用半定量方法檢測(cè)原頭節(jié)內(nèi)細(xì)胞的葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶和琥珀酸脫氫酶的活性。結(jié)果 顯示當(dāng)超聲劑量一定時(shí),原頭節(jié)的形態(tài)改變與SAR劑量有正效應(yīng)關(guān)系,SAR量越大,其破壞程度越高。正常原頭節(jié)透亮、外形完整,各實(shí)驗(yàn)組原頭節(jié)深染或結(jié)構(gòu)崩解。單純HIFU照射組在作用60 s時(shí),原頭節(jié)死亡率為80.1%;HIFU結(jié)合不同量SAR兩組原頭節(jié)在HIFU作用10 s時(shí),其死亡率分別為87.82%和89.1%。加入SAR后再經(jīng)過HIFU照射各組原頭節(jié)內(nèi)細(xì)胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶和琥珀酸脫氫酶活性降低,明顯低于單純超聲組(P<0.05),陰性對(duì)照組無酶反應(yīng)物產(chǎn)。結(jié)論 SAR能增加HIFU輻照對(duì)原頭節(jié)的急性殺傷作用,使原頭節(jié)內(nèi)細(xì)胞的葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活性和琥珀酸脫氫酶活性均顯著低降低,從而影響其活力。

細(xì)粒棘球絳蚴原頭節(jié);高吸水性樹脂;高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲;三磷酸腺苷酶;葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶;琥珀酸脫氫酶

囊性包蟲病是細(xì)粒棘球絳蟲寄生于人和其它動(dòng)物體內(nèi)所致的一種嚴(yán)重的人畜共患病,呈世界性分布。在我國,該病主要分布于西部、中部、東南以及東北的11個(gè)省區(qū)[1]。我們的前期試驗(yàn)證明,高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲(high intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)對(duì)包蟲病有一定的治療作用[2-3],但由于包蟲病是一種囊性病變,內(nèi)充囊液,據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[4]:99%囊液成分為水分,其余為蛋白質(zhì)、電解質(zhì)等,因此一定強(qiáng)度的超聲劑量受囊液的影響而使焦域內(nèi)能量不能有效聚集,故實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)不能將棘球蚴包囊內(nèi)原頭節(jié)全部殺滅,治療效果尚有欠缺。

高吸水性樹脂(Super Absorbent Resin,簡(jiǎn)稱SAR),又稱為超強(qiáng)吸水高分子材料(Super Absorbent Polymer,簡(jiǎn)稱SAR),高吸水性樹脂是上世紀(jì)六十年代初期迅速發(fā)展起來的一種具有疏松網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的新型功能高分子材料,主要具有水的傳遞、轉(zhuǎn)換和儲(chǔ)存等功能。與傳統(tǒng)的吸水材料不同的是高吸水性樹脂既不溶于水也難溶于有機(jī)溶劑,但與水接觸后,在短時(shí)間內(nèi)溶脹,能吸收自重幾百倍甚至上千倍的水,且吸水速度快,保水性能好,即使在加壓的狀態(tài)下也很難脫水,還可反復(fù)使用[5]。由此本研究提出在囊液中注入高吸水性樹脂把水分吸收,提高HIFU的能量,本實(shí)驗(yàn)擬利用SAR的超強(qiáng)的吸水能力,使囊液濃縮,提高HIFU作用后其焦域的溫度,殺傷更多的原頭節(jié),因此就SAR增強(qiáng)HIFU對(duì)離體原頭蚴效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了研究。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

1.1.1 原頭節(jié)采集 細(xì)粒棘球蚴采自青海省西寧市某屠宰場(chǎng)包蟲感染病羊肝,屠宰后立即冰盒低溫保存送至實(shí)驗(yàn)室。為盡量保持自然狀態(tài),用消毒酒精輕輕擦拭病羊肝表面,在無菌室內(nèi),直接從包囊吸出囊液和原頭節(jié),抽吸出的囊液和原頭節(jié)分別置于實(shí)驗(yàn)用無菌瓶中,4 ℃冰箱短期保存?zhèn)溆谩S?.4%臺(tái)盼蘭(trypan blue)染色,檢查原頭節(jié)活力,活力超過95%的原頭節(jié)用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑 高吸水性樹脂(SAR,自制),0.01 mol/L PBS溶液(武漢博士得公司),0.4%臺(tái)盼藍(lán)染液(以PBS溶液稀釋、過濾,終濃度為0.4%),OTC冰凍切片包埋劑(包埋劑為美國SAKURA公司),滅菌注射用生理鹽水及其他試劑均為國產(chǎn)。

1.2 主要儀器 JC-200型聚焦超聲腫瘤治療系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱海扶刀),由重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)超聲工程研究所設(shè)計(jì)制造,青海大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院提供。技術(shù)參數(shù):超聲換能器的工作頻率為0.8 MHz,焦點(diǎn)聲強(qiáng)范圍0~15000 W/cm2,透鏡焦距為110 mm,連續(xù)可調(diào)。組合治療頭安裝于盛循環(huán)脫氣生理鹽水的容器底部,并可在X、Y、Z 3個(gè)方向上隨意運(yùn)動(dòng),聲波由治療頭自下向上發(fā)出。普通生物顯微鏡(日本Nikon公司),掃描電子顯微鏡 S-3000N(日本日立公司),透射電子顯微鏡 Hitachi-7500(日本日立公司,恒溫箱式冰凍切片機(jī)(北京中西遠(yuǎn)大科技有限公司),20 mL無菌注射器若干。

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組和方法

1.3.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組 每管5 mL囊液和10 000個(gè)原頭節(jié)。實(shí)驗(yàn)分對(duì)照組(Ⅰ組:超聲假照且原頭節(jié)懸液中不加SAR)、實(shí)驗(yàn)組:SAR半飽和量組(Ⅱ組)、單純HIFU照射組Ⅲ組、HIFU照射+SAR半飽和組(Ⅳ組:SAR為0.01 g)、HIFU照射+SAR飽和組(Ⅴ組:SAR為0.1 g)。

1.3.2 高吸水性樹脂的制備及注射 高吸水性樹脂由本室制備并保存于密閉容器中,置37 ℃恒溫箱內(nèi)防止吸潮(批號(hào)20100727)。將160~180目SAR顆粒與無水酒精混勻制成混懸液待用,用注射器抽吸掉少量囊液減壓后,再將SAR、酒精混懸液注射至盛有原頭節(jié)懸液的聚乙烯試管中內(nèi),靜置片刻后,用于HIFU照射實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1.3.3 HIFU照射實(shí)驗(yàn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)中超聲波由治療頭自下向上發(fā)出,盛裝原頭節(jié)懸液的聚乙烯試管固定于治療頭焦域內(nèi),通過診斷超聲實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控,將焦點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)試管內(nèi)懸液的中心進(jìn)行定點(diǎn)輻照,采用100W持續(xù)照射30 s。照射結(jié)束后立即將原頭蚴懸液取出涂片每組涂片3張,在光鏡下觀察原頭節(jié)的活動(dòng)度和0.4%胎盤藍(lán)染色檢測(cè)原頭節(jié)活力,在3 min內(nèi),分別計(jì)數(shù)原頭節(jié)死活。

1.3.4 原頭節(jié)的急性殺傷作用 每張玻片隨機(jī)數(shù)200個(gè)原頭節(jié),計(jì)數(shù)其中活原頭節(jié)數(shù)目。以上每個(gè)劑量(功率×?xí)r間)設(shè)3個(gè)平行管,實(shí)驗(yàn)隔天重復(fù)1次,共進(jìn)行5次,取每組活原頭節(jié)計(jì)數(shù),其平均值作為該組的最終活原頭節(jié)計(jì)數(shù)值。根據(jù)式(1-1)計(jì)算殺傷率:

1.3.4 H輻照后原頭節(jié)的返種實(shí)驗(yàn) 用定點(diǎn)點(diǎn)打方式輻照處理組原頭節(jié)懸液,對(duì)照組予診斷超聲以假照。HIFU輻照過的原頭節(jié)經(jīng)臺(tái)盼藍(lán)染色確認(rèn)為存活狀態(tài)后,將原頭節(jié)懸液混勻后置于1640培養(yǎng)液中,37 ℃,二氧化碳溫箱培養(yǎng)7 d。接種原頭節(jié)量約為1 500個(gè)/只。同時(shí)以假照之懸液同樣接種作為陽性對(duì)照組。計(jì)數(shù)原頭節(jié)死亡率。

1.3.5 冰凍切片制備及染色 載玻片的預(yù)處理:以蒸餾水1∶10稀釋0.1%多聚賴氨酸溶液,用前將玻片浸于多聚賴氨酸溶液5分鐘。在60 ℃烘箱干燥1小時(shí)備用。分組同前,采用治療聲功率50 W,輻照時(shí)間10 s,定點(diǎn)點(diǎn)打方式輻照處理組原頭節(jié)懸液,對(duì)照組予診斷超聲以假照。照射后輕輕混勻懸液,將試管里自然沉淀的原頭蚴,經(jīng)0.1 mol/L PBS洗滌3次后,注入OCT液, 立即經(jīng)液氮驟冷至恒冷箱切片, 制成厚度為7~10 μm 的連續(xù)切片。每一指標(biāo)均觀察原頭蚴切面50~60個(gè),用光學(xué)顯微鏡確定原頭蚴體內(nèi)上述組織化學(xué)成分的定位, 并以染色深淺及反應(yīng)程度來判別其含量及強(qiáng)弱。

1.3.6 對(duì)照及結(jié)果判定 檢測(cè)琥珀酸脫氫酶活性(SDH)采用N-BT法顯示SDH,檢測(cè)葡萄糖6-磷酸酶活性(G-6-P)采用硝酸鉛法檢測(cè)G-6-P。以正常小鼠腎上腺皮質(zhì)作為SDH的陽性對(duì)照,正常小鼠肝臟作為G-6-P的陽性對(duì)照,作用液中不加反應(yīng)底物結(jié)果作為陰性對(duì)照。所有切片均在相同的條件下平行操作。SDH活性部位顯藍(lán)色,活性較低時(shí)顯紫紅色。棕黑色硫化鉛沉淀處為G-6-P酶活性所在部位,光鏡下G-6-P酶反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物較均勻分布于胞質(zhì)中。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析 采用SPSS 12. 0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包作數(shù)據(jù)處理,檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)設(shè)定為α=0.05,P<0.01即為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。即刻殺傷作用的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果測(cè)量資料的多因素方差分析,不同因素間兩兩比較用F檢驗(yàn)。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 對(duì)原頭節(jié)的殺傷效果 HIFU照射及SAR協(xié)同作用于原頭節(jié)的急性殺傷作用如圖1。除超聲假照組外, 各組原頭節(jié)隨作用時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),其死亡率升高,僅有SAR的囊液中原頭節(jié)死亡率與空白組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),但各時(shí)段死亡率明顯低于同一處理時(shí)段的單純HIFU照射組(P<0.001);單純HIFU照射組原頭節(jié)死亡率在各作用時(shí)間點(diǎn)(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 seconds)分別為21%, 50.83%, 56,5%, 73.7%, 78%, 80.1%;HIFU 照射(100W+SAR半飽和)組為63.8%、87.82%、89.4%、92.3%、100%、100%、100%;HIFU照射 (100W+SAR飽和)組為68.4%、89.1%、90.6%、93.2%、100%、100%、100%。根據(jù)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行ANOVA分析,不同實(shí)驗(yàn)組之間存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(F=357.5,P<0.001),不同作用時(shí)間對(duì)原頭節(jié)的影響具有時(shí)間-效應(yīng)關(guān)系,Ⅲ組、Ⅳ組原頭節(jié)死亡率在HIFU作用40 s后差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.01)。

2.2 原頭節(jié)形態(tài)變化 光鏡觀察HIFU輻照后的各組原頭節(jié):對(duì)照組存活的原頭節(jié),能排斥染料而不被染成藍(lán)色,內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)清楚(圖1)。死亡的原頭蚴被臺(tái)盼蘭染色后,表現(xiàn)為幾種形式,1)蟲體淺染,大小正常,外形完整,小鉤、吸盤、鈣小體尚清晰;2)蟲體深染,濃縮,小鉤聚集成團(tuán),鈣小體消失;3)蟲體已完全解體,碎片藍(lán)染,小鉤、鈣小體散落。單純100W HIFU作用后,死亡的原頭節(jié)雖被藍(lán)染,內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)仍可辨(圖2)。HIFU+SAR各組可見破裂的蟲體、散落出來的頭鉤、大量鈣小體、及吸水后的SAR顆粒(圖3)。

圖1 對(duì)照組活原頭節(jié)Fig.1 Alive protoscolices in the control group(×20)

2.3 原頭節(jié)內(nèi)酶反應(yīng)結(jié)果 正常對(duì)照組原頭節(jié)內(nèi)顯示深藍(lán)色顆粒分布在原頭節(jié)的實(shí)質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi),而小鉤內(nèi)沒有深藍(lán)色顆粒,提示原頭節(jié)內(nèi)SDH酶活性較高(圖4)。而實(shí)驗(yàn)各組(包括加入SAR)原頭節(jié)實(shí)質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)顯示內(nèi)淺藍(lán)色顆粒甚少或缺如,而SAR協(xié)同HIFU照射組原頭節(jié)內(nèi)SDH活性顯著降低(圖5~7)。G-6-P染色后,正常對(duì)照組原頭節(jié)染成金黃色,頭節(jié)內(nèi)茶褐色顆粒沉積(圖8);HIFU作用各組原頭節(jié)內(nèi)G-6-P顆粒淺染(圖9~11)。

表1 不同SAR協(xié)同HIFU照射對(duì)原頭節(jié)的急性殺傷作用(致死率%)

Tab.1 The death rates of protoscolices in the protoscolices suspension after irritation of HIFU (100W) and HIFU combined with SAR in different exposure times (%) (n=5)

GroupDeathratesofprotoscolicesafterirritationofHIFU(%)Exposureduration(seconds)5102030405060Ⅰ組:空白組(超聲假照)5.01±0.15.22±0.115.29±0.1015.36±0.125.53±0.1116.27±0.1326.73±0.1Ⅱ組:SAR組(半飽和量)5.82±0.126.7±0.1217.0±0.1177.2±0.127.25±0.167.67±0.1128.03±0.106Ⅲ組:HIFU(100W)21±0.11150.83±0.12456.5±0.13668.4±0.1373.7±0.1278±0.14380.1±0Ⅳ組:HIFU(100W+SAR半飽和)63.8±0.1287.82±0.15287.33±0.12789.4±0.11592.3±0.113100±0100±0Ⅴ組:HIFU(100W+SAR飽和)68.4±0.13289.1±0.15890.6±0.10493.2±0.13100±0100±0100±0

Note: there were significant death in the HIFU duration groups comparison with the no duration groups (*P<0.05), in the SAR groups comparison with the simple HIFU group (#P<0.05), in the SAR combined with HIFU groups comparison with the simple HIFU group (#P<0.05); and between the SAR combined with HIFU groups (§P<0.05).

圖2 HIFU單純照射組原頭節(jié)

Fig.2 Total death of coloured protoscolices due to exposure to HIFU of 100 W acoustic power for 30 seconds (×10)

圖3 SAR協(xié)同HIFU照射組原頭節(jié)

Fig.3 The less structures of dead protoscolices (P), super-absorbent resin(S), free hooks (H), calcareous corpuscles (C) after exposure to HIFU of 100 w combined with SAR for 30 seconds (×40)

圖4 對(duì)照組原頭節(jié)內(nèi)細(xì)胞SDH酶顆粒呈深藍(lán)色(×40)

Fig.4 Normal SDH staining in the live protoscolices ofEchinococcusgranulosus(×40)

圖5 HIFU單純照射組照射后原頭節(jié)內(nèi)細(xì)胞SDH酶顆粒淺染(×40)

Fig.5 The SDH staining intensity was reduced after exposure to the 100 W acoustic power of HIFU (×40)

3 討 論

原頭蚴在細(xì)粒棘球絳蟲的生活史中是非常重要的發(fā)育階段,是相對(duì)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體。原頭節(jié)不耐高溫,但耐低溫,在-4 ℃冰箱保存可存活幾天,在-20 ℃可存活幾個(gè)月[6],而且原頭節(jié)是包蟲囊液中最活躍和最富有生理機(jī)能的成分,其功能表現(xiàn)在:1)

圖6 SAR(半飽和組)協(xié)同HIFU照射后原頭節(jié)內(nèi)SDH顆粒淺染甚或無色(×40)

Fig.6 The SDH staining intensity was markedly reduced after exposure to the 100 W acoustic power of HIFU (×40)

圖7 SAR(飽和組)協(xié)同HIFU照射后原頭節(jié)內(nèi)SDH顆粒淺染甚或無色(×40)

Fig.7 The SDH staining intensity was markedly reduced after exposure to the 100 W acoustic power of HIFU (×40)

圖8 對(duì)照組原頭節(jié)內(nèi)細(xì)胞G-6-P酶活性強(qiáng),呈視野呈茶褐色。(×40)

Fig.8 Normal G-6-P staining in the live protoscolices ofEchinococcusgranulosus(×40)

原頭節(jié)一旦逸入宿主組織器官,即可繼發(fā)包蟲病。2)原頭節(jié)具有較高的免疫原性。3)若被終宿主吞入,則可發(fā)育為一條成蟲[7]。從形態(tài)上來看,原頭節(jié)體細(xì)胞的類型與生發(fā)層上的細(xì)胞基本上是一致的[8-9],這種細(xì)胞是合胞體結(jié)構(gòu),似類上皮細(xì)胞,屬于未分化的細(xì)胞, 有極強(qiáng)的繁殖生長(zhǎng)能力[10]。因此,抑制原頭節(jié)活性或殺滅原頭節(jié)是在包蟲病治療過程中最關(guān)鍵的研究?jī)?nèi)容[11-12]。

圖9 SAR(飽和組)協(xié)同HIFU照射后原頭節(jié)內(nèi)SDH顆粒淺染(×40)

Fig.9 The G-6-Pstaining intensity was markedly reduced after exposure to the 100 W acoustic power of HIFU (×40)

圖10 SAR(半飽和組)協(xié)同HIFU照射后原頭節(jié)內(nèi)G-6-P顆粒淺染(×40)

Fig.10 The G-6-P staining intensity was markedly reduced after exposure to the 100 W acoustic power of HIFU (×40)

圖11 SAR(飽和組)協(xié)同HIFU照射后原頭節(jié)內(nèi)SDH顆粒淺染(×40)

Fig.11 The G-6-P staining intensity was markedly reduced after exposure to the 100 W acoustic power of HIFU (×40)

HIFU已廣泛用于治療臨床上的各種實(shí)體腫瘤[13],尤其對(duì)子宮肌瘤的療效非常好[14-18]。其充分利用聲波的聚焦原理,將超聲波能量匯集于機(jī)體深部某一靶區(qū),通過超聲波的熱效應(yīng)、空化效應(yīng)、機(jī)械效應(yīng)、聲化學(xué)效應(yīng)等使靶區(qū)內(nèi)溫度瞬間達(dá)到65 ℃~100 ℃,腫瘤組織產(chǎn)生凝固性壞死[19]發(fā)生不可逆破壞,必要時(shí)可重復(fù)進(jìn)行,直至病灶全部破壞,從而達(dá)到“深部切除”的目的,達(dá)到無創(chuàng)治療的效果。

我們的前期研究證明了HIFU治療對(duì)棘球蚴有殺傷效果[20],而對(duì)囊內(nèi)原頭蚴有一定殺滅作用,但效果不盡如人意。主要是因?yàn)槟乙壕劢剐圆?,同時(shí)液體散熱又比較快,使得高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲波作用后囊液溫度明顯不如囊壁實(shí)體組織升得高且快。因此,對(duì)囊液的處理和充分發(fā)揮HIFU的熱效應(yīng)在治療包蟲病過程尤為重要和關(guān)鍵。從高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲波對(duì)原頭節(jié)的急性殺傷效應(yīng)看,其死亡率與照射劑量及照射時(shí)間正相關(guān),HIFU對(duì)棘球蚴也有熱效應(yīng)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到死亡的原頭蚴被臺(tái)盼蘭染色后,表現(xiàn)為幾種形式,集中體現(xiàn)了HIFU對(duì)蟲體破壞既有空化效應(yīng)、機(jī)械效應(yīng)(如原頭節(jié)被撕裂成碎片),也有熱效應(yīng)(如原頭節(jié)蟲體完整,但臺(tái)盼蘭染料能滲入皮層細(xì)胞)。從原頭節(jié)的死亡率看,與SAR量亦有劑量-效應(yīng)關(guān)系,SAR量越大,原頭節(jié)死亡率亦有增高,可見加入SAR后,HIFU照射對(duì)原頭節(jié)的殺傷效果優(yōu)于不加SAR的單純囊液,提示SAP吸液后,游離水減少,一方面緩沖了液體對(duì)熱量的消減作用,使局部組織溫度瞬間上升,導(dǎo)致蛋白變性及組織細(xì)胞發(fā)生不可逆的凝固性壞死。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用冰凍切片(frozen section)的方式來觀察酶的活性,酶組織化學(xué)在顯示細(xì)胞功能受損方面更直觀。檢測(cè)了琥珀酸脫氫酶和葡萄-6-磷酸酶的活性。琥珀酸脫氫酶(Succinatedehydrogenase,簡(jiǎn)稱SDH)是脫氫酶中最重要的酶,它存在于所有有氧呼吸的細(xì)胞內(nèi),和線粒體內(nèi)膜緊密結(jié)合黃素酶類,是線粒體內(nèi)膜的結(jié)合酶,屬膜結(jié)合酶,是連接氧化磷酸化與電子傳遞的樞紐之一,可為真核細(xì)胞線粒體和多種原核細(xì)胞需氧和產(chǎn)能的呼吸鏈提供電子,為線粒體的一種標(biāo)志酶。故為三羧酸循環(huán)的標(biāo)志酶,也為線粒體的標(biāo)志酶[21-22]。細(xì)粒棘球絳蟲的原頭節(jié)具有完全的三羧酸循環(huán)功能[23],鄒曉毅等證實(shí)HIFU作用降低了酶活性,改變?cè)^節(jié)內(nèi)體細(xì)胞功能,干擾細(xì)粒棘球絳蟲原頭節(jié)營養(yǎng)吸收與代謝,抑制其增殖,對(duì)原頭節(jié)的殺傷具有一定遲發(fā)性效應(yīng),能夠抑制輻照后存活的原頭節(jié)在體內(nèi)、外的生長(zhǎng),并可能最終導(dǎo)致寄生蟲死亡[24]。葡萄-6-磷酸酶(G-6-P)定位于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)腔和核膜間隙,為內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的標(biāo)志酶。G-6-P參加糖代謝,且具有特異性,僅能水解葡萄糖-6-磷酸而釋放出葡萄糖和磷酸,但不能水解葡萄糖-1-磷酸,是糖代謝的關(guān)鍵酶,反應(yīng)細(xì)胞有氧代謝及為細(xì)胞及蟲體提供能量。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到,正常原頭節(jié)內(nèi)SDH和G-6-P非常豐富,而鈣小體內(nèi)G-6-P更多,表現(xiàn)為深棕褐色。當(dāng)加入SAR后再經(jīng)過HIFU照射,原頭節(jié)內(nèi)主要酶顏色變淺甚至消失,表明酶活性明顯減弱;鈣小體減少,意味著酶活性消失;頭鉤脫落意味著失去感染終末宿主并寄生在終末宿主腸道的能力,但是在中間宿主體內(nèi)這些結(jié)構(gòu)也會(huì)自然退化,所以對(duì)中間宿主而言,最重要的是看原頭蚴體細(xì)胞的凋亡與壞死程度。

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Effect of cell activity of protoscolices by super absorbent resin in coordination with high intensity focused ultrasound

ZHANG Jing1,2,WANG Meng-ying2,YE Bin1,2,ZHAO Yi-feng3,HAN Xiu-ming4,LI Fa-qi5,WANG Qi5

(1.DepartmentofPathogenicBiology,ChongqingMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400016,China;2.ResearchCenterforMolecularMedicineandTumor,ChongqingMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400016,China;3.DepartmentofOncology,theAffiliatedHospitalofQinghaiUniversity,Qinghai810001,China;4.QinghaiInstituteforEndemicDiseasePreventionandControl,Qinghai811602,China;5.StateKeyLaboratoryofUltrasoundEngineeringinMedicineCo-foundedbyChongqingandtheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,Chongqing400016,China)

We investigated the effects of a combination of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and super absorbent resin on the cell activities ofEchinococcusgranulosusprotoscolices with enzyme histochemical techniqueinvitro. The suspension with 2 000 protoscoleces/ML from the hydatid cysts in sample sheep liver was divided into groups: group I (blank control) was without HIFU treatment and SAR in the suspension, group II was only SAR, group III was treated with HIFU only, group IV was treated with HIFU and 0.01 g SAR, and groupⅤ was treated with HIFU and 0.1g SAR. Then, all these groups were exposed to the suspension of HIFU at a dose of 100 W acoustic powers for 30 seconds. The HIFU treated protoscolices were smeared onto glass slides for enzymatic activities localization. The protoscolex morphological changes and related enzyme activities in the HIFU treated protoscolices were determinated by the histochemical staining methods. Results showed the morphological changes of protoscoleces, the effect relationship was with dose of SAR, SAR was larger and the extent of damage was higher. There were clear and intact form in the nomal group, however, the protoscoleces showed stained and disintegrated in the tested groups. The death rate in the duratioh of single HIFU group was 80.1%, they were 87.82% and 89.1% respectively in the HIFU combined SAR groups. In the groups of the combination of HIFU and SAR, the main enzyme color of protoscoleces in shallow or disappeared, which suggested the treatment had an influence on enzyme activities of protoscolices. In conclusion, SAR could increase HIFU irradiation on the acute cytotoxicity and has certain delayed effect on protoscoleces, and the effect of HIFU on G-6-P and SDH inE.granulosusprotoscolices was significantly low.

protoscoleces; super absorbent resin; high intensity focused ultrasound; adenosine triphos-phate; glucose-6-phosphatase; succinate dehydrogenase

Ye Bin, Email: yebina@sohu.com

國家自然科學(xué)基金(No.30972567)和重慶市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì)(cstc2012jjA0032)資助

葉彬,Email:yebina@sohu.com

1.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)病原生物學(xué)教研室,重慶 400016; 2.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)分子與腫瘤研究中心,重慶 400016; 3.青海大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院,西寧 810001; 4.青海省地方病預(yù)防控制所, 西寧 811602 5.省部共建超聲醫(yī)學(xué)工程國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,重慶 400016

10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2015.11.001

R383

A

1002-2694(2015)11-0987-07

2014-12-11;

2015-04-26

Supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No. 30972567) and the Project from Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (No. cstc2012jjA0032)

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