范啟睿 谷鵬鵬271100山東省萊蕪市婦幼保健院
兒科用藥藥物不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生及防治的調(diào)查研究
范啟睿 谷鵬鵬
271100山東省萊蕪市婦幼保健院
目的:調(diào)查兒科用藥的不良反應(yīng)以及防治。方法:180例患兒臨床用藥出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng),分析不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率與年齡的關(guān)系,分析不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率與用藥種類之間的關(guān)系,分析不良反應(yīng)累及的器官和臨床表現(xiàn)。結(jié)果:1個(gè)月~1歲兒童的不良反應(yīng)例數(shù)較多,隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率明顯降低。不良反應(yīng)中由抗生素類藥品引發(fā)的例數(shù)最多(48.89%)。不良反應(yīng)中最多的器官屬于消化系統(tǒng)(55.56%)。結(jié)論:兒童用藥中應(yīng)特別注意低齡兒童的用藥,特別是抗生素類藥品更應(yīng)當(dāng)合理運(yùn)用。
兒科;不良反應(yīng);防治;合理用藥
為更深入了解兒童用藥時(shí)不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生情況,我院對(duì)180例在我院接受治療的患兒進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
2013年6月-2015年1月選取在兒科接受治療的患兒180例,對(duì)其病歷進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究。其中男92例,女88例,年齡剛出生到14歲,平均(6.2±2.5)歲。
方法:對(duì)180例患兒臨床用藥出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)的資料進(jìn)行歸納整理,整理的重點(diǎn)在于歸納不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率跟患兒年齡的關(guān)系、用藥種類跟患兒不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率的關(guān)系以及不良反應(yīng)累及的器官和臨床表現(xiàn)。并將所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述性的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:采用SPSS 19.0建立相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)后進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
表1 不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率與患兒年齡的關(guān)系(例)
表2 用藥種類與患兒不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率的關(guān)系(例)
不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率與患兒年齡的關(guān)系:1個(gè)月~1歲的兒童,發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)的例數(shù)較多,隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),兒童發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)的幾率明顯降低,見表1。
用藥種類與患兒不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率的關(guān)系:本次調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)抗生素類藥品引發(fā)的兒童不良反應(yīng)例數(shù)最多(48.89%),其次為解熱鎮(zhèn)痛藥(11.67%),除此之外還有糖皮質(zhì)激素、消化系統(tǒng)藥、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)藥、止咳藥和抗病毒藥,見表2。
患兒不良反應(yīng)的累及器官及臨床表現(xiàn):根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)的資料,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生最多的系統(tǒng)是消化系統(tǒng)(55.56%),其次為皮膚(27.78%)。另外呼吸系統(tǒng)、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和血液系統(tǒng)均有不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生,見表3。
Investigation and study on the occurrence and prevention and treatment of drug adverse reactions in paediatric medication
Fan Qirui,Gu Pengpeng
TheMaternaland Child Health HospitalofLaiwu City,Shandong Province 271100
Objective:To investigate the adverse reactions and prevention and treatment of paediatric medication.Methods:The clinicalmedications of 180 children had adverse reactions.The relationship between the incidence of adverse reactions and age wasanalyzed.The relationship between the incidence ofadverse reactionsand the drugs typeswasanalyzed.Theadverse reactions involving the organs and clinical manifestations were analyzed.Results:The adverse reactions cases of 1 month to 1 year old children weremore,and the incidence of adverse reaction was significantly lower with the increase of age.The cases of adverse reactions caused by antibiotics drug was themost(48.89%).Themost organ in adverse reactions was digestive system(55.56%).Conclusion:It should pay special attention to themedication of young children in paediatric medication,especially the antibiotic drugsshould bemore rationaluse.
Pediatrics;Adverse reactions;Prevention and treatment;Rationaldruguse
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.28.4