馮冬麗464300河南省息縣婦幼保健院婦產(chǎn)科
剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血6例臨床分析
馮冬麗
464300河南省息縣婦幼保健院婦產(chǎn)科
目的:探討剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血的特點及救治措施。方法:收治剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血患者6例,分析其出血原因及治療效果。結(jié)果:出血原因:蛻膜殘留1例,子宮復(fù)舊不良1例,子宮切口感染1例,子宮切口愈合不良3例。2例患者采用宮縮劑、廣譜抗生素治療后未再出血,后經(jīng)B超復(fù)查切開愈合良好;1例患者行雙側(cè)子宮動脈栓塞術(shù),術(shù)后未再出血;1例患者經(jīng)剖腹探查,發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮切口左側(cè)角部裂開,行全子宮切除術(shù);2例患者行刮宮術(shù);6例患者中進行輸血治療5例,輸血量2~6個單位,所有患者均痊愈出院。結(jié)論:剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血多發(fā)生在剖宮產(chǎn)1~2周,多數(shù)患者出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱癥狀,宮縮劑、廣譜抗生素治療、子宮動脈栓塞術(shù)、刮宮術(shù)和全子宮切除術(shù)是治療剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血的主要手段。
剖宮產(chǎn);晚期產(chǎn)后出血;特點;救治措施
晚期產(chǎn)后出血是指分娩結(jié)束24 h后發(fā)生的子宮大量出血,是導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)婦死亡的主要原因之一[1]。特別是當今剖宮產(chǎn)率呈上升趨勢,因此剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血率也明顯升高。為探討剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血的特點及救治措施,對2012年1 月-2015年3月救治剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血患者6例進行回顧性分析,現(xiàn)報告如下。
2012年1月-2015年3月收治剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血患者6例,其中初產(chǎn)婦5例,經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦1例,年齡23~32歲,平均26.4歲?;颊咧饕憩F(xiàn)為陰道大量出血,出血量均>500mL,最多可達2 000mL以上,來院就診時,發(fā)生失血性休克1例,體溫>38℃4例,血常規(guī)檢查:白細胞增高4例,血紅蛋白低于正常值,60~90 g/L,平均76.6 g/L。
剖宮產(chǎn)指征:胎兒窘迫2例,瘢痕子宮2例,巨大兒1例,胎盤前置1例。出血時間:發(fā)生在剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后3 d 1例,發(fā)生在1~2周4例,3周以上1例。
方法:分析出血原因及治療效果。
出血病因:本組6例患者均經(jīng)彩超、病理檢查,證實為剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血。出血原因:蛻膜殘留1例,子宮復(fù)舊不良1例,子宮切口感染1例,子宮切口愈合不良3例。
治療方式及效果:2例患者采用宮縮劑、廣譜抗生素治療后未再出血,后經(jīng)B超復(fù)查切開愈合良好;1例患者行雙側(cè)子宮動脈栓塞術(shù),術(shù)后未再出血;1例患者經(jīng)剖腹探查,發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮切口左側(cè)角部裂開,行全子宮切除術(shù);2例患者行刮宮術(shù);6例患者中進行輸血治療5例,輸血量2~6個單位,所有患者均痊愈出院。
病因探討:剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血診斷的關(guān)鍵是尋找出血原因。剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后子宮切口愈合不良的發(fā)生可能與以下因素有關(guān):①切口選擇過高或過低。過低:宮頸側(cè)以結(jié)締組織為主,血液供應(yīng)較差,組織愈合能力較差[3]。過高:切口上緣宮體肌組織與切口下段肌組織厚薄相差較大,縫合時不易對齊,影響愈合。②縫合技術(shù)不當:出血血管結(jié)扎松弛,尤其是切口兩側(cè)角血管回縮,形成血腫[4];有時縫扎組織過多過密,切口血循環(huán)供應(yīng)不良,影響切口愈合。③子宮切口感染:生殖道病原微生物上行性感染致胎膜早破,繼而引起切口感染[5]。另外,子宮復(fù)舊不良,蛻膜殘留均可引起剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血。
治療:剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血一般先行縮宮素、抗生素、輸血等治療。結(jié)合彩超檢查作相應(yīng)處理,疑有宮腔內(nèi)殘留或積血塊或子宮復(fù)舊不良,可行清宮術(shù)。對于彩超提示子宮峽部混合型團塊,見有血流回聲,且出血量較多,應(yīng)盡早行血管介入栓塞治療,避免全子宮切除對產(chǎn)婦造成的痛苦。
綜上所述,剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血多發(fā)生在剖宮產(chǎn)1~2周,多數(shù)患者出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱癥狀,宮縮劑、廣譜抗生素治療、子宮動脈栓塞術(shù)、刮宮術(shù)和全子宮切除術(shù)是治療剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)后晚期產(chǎn)后出血的主要手段。
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Clinicalanalysisof 6 casesof late postpartum hemorrhageafter cesarean section
Feng Dongli
Obstetricsand Gynecology Department,theMaternaland Child Health HospitalofXiCounty,Henan Province 464300
Objective:To explore the features and treatmentmeasures of late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.Methods:6 patientswith late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section were selected.The causes ofblooding and the effectof the treatmentwere analyzed.Results:The causes ofhemorrhage:1 case of remnantof decidua,1 case of poor involution ofuterus,1 case of uterine incision infection,3 cases of uterine incision abnormal healing.2 patients were given oxytocin,broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy,bleeding stopped,healing with incision after B ultrasonic examination was good;1 patientwas given bilateral uterine arterial embolization,and there was no bleeding after operation;1 patientwas given laparotomy,and the left corner of the uterine incision was cracked,and then she was given hysterectomy;2 patients were given curettage;in the 6 patients,5 cases received blood transfusion,the amount of transfusion was 2 to 6 units,all patients were cured and discharged.Conclusion:The common time of late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section was at 1 to 2 weeks.Most patients had fever symptoms.uterotonic,broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy,uterine artery embolization,uterine curettage and hysterectomy resection were the primary treatments for late postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.
Cesarean section;Late postpartum hemorrhage;Features;Treatmentmeasures
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.28.45