郭 健,李銘剛,董 媛,徐 偉,李 艷*
1吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院,吉林 132013;2 云南大學(xué)云南省微生物研究所,昆明 650091
特殊環(huán)境下生長(zhǎng)的微生物與環(huán)境經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期的相互作用,可能產(chǎn)生具有特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和生理意義的次生代謝產(chǎn)物。特殊生境微生物一直是近年來微生物領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)。特殊生境微生物的天然產(chǎn)物為新藥的篩選和新型先導(dǎo)化合物的發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了大量的研究材料。菌株P(guān)-20 分離自云南省錫業(yè)股份有限公司下的錫尾礦土樣,該礦壩土壤樣品經(jīng)電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜儀(ICP-AES)測(cè)定,其金屬質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:鐵14.64% ﹑錫0.29% ﹑鉛0.044% ﹑砷0.18%、銅0.12%,pH 值8.64,是重金屬污染的弱堿性環(huán)境,同時(shí)也是“人造”特殊環(huán)境[1]。P-20 的液體發(fā)酵提取物在薄層層析(TLC)板上呈現(xiàn)出較豐富的化學(xué)條帶。本實(shí)驗(yàn)從其發(fā)酵提取物中分離出14個(gè)化合物。根據(jù)理化性質(zhì)和波譜分析,分別鑒定為:司他弗林(1)、布雷非德菌素E (2)、布雷非德菌素H (3)、布雷非德菌素D(4)、(2S,3S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((Z)-4-(羥 甲 基)-8-甲 基-3,7-二 烯-1-基)-2-甲基-3,4,8,9-四氫吡喃并[2,3-e]異吲哚-7(2H)-酮(5)、5-((1R,2R,5R,6R)-2,5-二羥基-7-氧雜二環(huán)[4.1.0]庚烷-2-基)-3-((1S,2S,4aR,6S,8aS)-2,6-二甲基-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘-1-羰基)-4-羥基吡啶-2(1H)-酮(6)、(3s)-6,8 -二羥基-3 -甲基-3,4 -二氫-1H-苯并吡喃-1 -酮(7)、腺苷(8)、4 -羥基苯甲醛(9)、5-氨基-2-羥基苯乙酸甲酯(10)、尿嘧啶核苷(11)、乙酰司他弗林(12)、尼克酰胺(13)、(S)-7-苯甲基-6-甲基-6,7-二氫苯并[6,7][1,4]二氮雜卓[2,1-b]喹唑啉-5,13-二酮(14)。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,化合物2、3 和4 為Brevicompanine 類二酮哌嗪類生物堿,2[2]和3[3]具有抗炎作用和免疫活性;化合物1 和12 具有抗流感病毒作用[4,6]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用MTT 法檢測(cè)顯示化合物5 具有一定的抗腫瘤活性,其對(duì)HT-29、A-549 和MCF-7 三種細(xì)胞的ED50分別為21.59、23.45 μg/mL 和37.36 μg/mL。
質(zhì)譜儀(VG Auto Spec-3000,英國);核磁共振儀(Bruker AV.DRX500,瑞士);高效液相色譜儀(Waters515-2996,美國);真空旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(BUCHI,瑞士);柱層析用凝膠(Sephadex LH-20,安瑪西亞生物技術(shù)上海有限公司);柱層析用硅膠(G200~300目,青島海洋化學(xué)工業(yè)制品廠);薄層層析用硅膠GF254(青島海洋化學(xué)工業(yè)制品廠);試劑均為分析純或色譜純。
菌株于2011年5月分離自云南個(gè)舊大屯錫尾礦礦土,初步鑒定為真菌。微生物樣品保留于云南大學(xué)云南省微生物研究所,由李銘剛老師實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。菌株編號(hào)為P-20。
從已活化的菌株斜面上挑取一定量的菌絲,轉(zhuǎn)接到200 mL PDA 液體培養(yǎng)基內(nèi)(500 mL 瓶中);28℃,180 rpm 搖床培養(yǎng)2~3 d,得到種子液。菌體從種子瓶接種到200 mL PDA 液體培養(yǎng)基內(nèi)(500 mL瓶中),每瓶接種量約20 mL;28 ℃,180 rpm 搖床培養(yǎng)4~5 d。配制培養(yǎng)基均用土壤浸出液(200 g 礦土,1000 mL 水,浸泡3 d 后取上清液)。發(fā)酵總量為100 L。
用濾袋過濾發(fā)酵液,將菌絲體和上清液分開。上清液用乙酸乙酯反復(fù)萃取三次,之后將萃取液在40 ℃條件下濃縮蒸干,得到上清液粗提物。菌絲體則用丙酮浸泡2 d,期間用超聲儀超聲三次,每次超聲持續(xù)時(shí)間為30 min。過濾丙酮浸泡物,保留丙酮浸汁液并加熱濃縮至水溶液;水溶液同樣由乙酸乙酯反復(fù)萃取三次后濃縮蒸干,得到菌絲體胞內(nèi)產(chǎn)物粗提物。經(jīng)TLC 點(diǎn)板分析后,將上清液粗提物和菌絲體粗提物合并,得到總發(fā)酵提取物94 g。采用正相硅膠柱,氯仿-甲醇溶劑系統(tǒng)40∶1、9∶1、和1∶1(v/v)進(jìn)行梯度洗脫。對(duì)9 ∶1(v/v)組分進(jìn)行凝膠柱(Sephadex LH-20)層析后,分成7 組。組分2 經(jīng)硅膠柱層析,氯仿-甲醇(20∶1,v/v)洗脫,高效液相制備色譜進(jìn)行制備,得化合物1(11 mg)和2(15 mg)。組分3 組分經(jīng)硅膠柱層析,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(4∶1)洗脫,高效液相制備色譜進(jìn)行制備,得化合物3(12 mg),化合物4(13 mg)以及5(14 mg)。組分4 經(jīng)硅膠柱層析,石油醚-丙酮(7∶3)洗脫,重結(jié)晶后得化合物7(10 mg),高效液相制備色譜進(jìn)行制備得化合物6(8 mg)和8(13 mg)。組分5 經(jīng)氯仿-甲醇(9∶1)洗脫,高效液相制備色譜進(jìn)行制備,得化合物9(10 mg),化合物10(6 mg)以及化合物11(9 mg)。組分6 經(jīng)石油醚-丙酮(65∶35)洗脫,高效液相制備色譜進(jìn)行制備得化合物12(10 mg)和化合物13(13 mg)。組分7 經(jīng)石油醚-乙酸乙酯(6∶4)洗脫,得到三個(gè)組分G7S1~G7S3。G7S3再經(jīng)硅膠柱層析,氯仿-甲醇(20∶1),高效液相制備色譜進(jìn)行制備得化合物14(10 mg)。
利用MTT 法考察部分化合物的抗腫瘤活性。分別取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的腫瘤細(xì)胞HT-29,A-549 和MCF-7 接種于96 孔板(空白組加入等體積的DMEM 培養(yǎng)液),2 ×104個(gè)/孔,37 ℃,5%CO2條件下培養(yǎng)至細(xì)胞貼壁。實(shí)驗(yàn)組分別加入100 μL 以無血清培養(yǎng)基配制的不同濃度的樣品溶液至終濃度分別為6.25、12.5、25、50、100 μg/mL;初次活性篩選的化合物終濃度為25 μg/mL。對(duì)照組加入等體積的無血清DMEM 培養(yǎng)液,每組6 個(gè)復(fù)孔,培養(yǎng)24 h。棄上清,每孔加入0.5 mg/mL 的MTT 100 μL,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h。棄上清,再加入150 μL DMSO,振蕩10 min,測(cè)定OD490,按如下公式計(jì)算抑制率%,并使用Origin 8.0 計(jì)算
化合物1 白色固體(甲醇);分子式為C23H31NO4;ESI-MSm/z:408[M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSOd6,500 MHz)δ:1.59~1.23 (2H,m,H-1),2.36~1.55 (2H,m,H-2),3.36 (1H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-3),1.47(1H,dd,J=13.1,3.2 Hz,H-5),2.14~1.66(2H,m,H-6),1.99~1.27 (2H,m,H-7),1.75(1H,m,H-8),3.09~2.10 (2H,d,J=17.8 Hz,H-11),0.93(3H,s,H-12),0.89 (3H,s,H-13),1.10(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-14),0.84 (3H,s,H-15),6.63(1H,s,H-5'),4.17-4.08 (2H,d,J=16.9 Hz,H-8'),4.48(1H,br s,3-OH),9.76 (1H,br s,6'-OH),8.28 (1H,br s,NH);13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:23.6(C-1),25.7(C-2),72.3(C-3),37.5(C-4),44.3(C-5),23.5(C-6),27.6(C-7),39.2(C-8),37.1(C-9),83.1(C-10),32.0(C-11),30.1(C-12),26.8(C-13),16.9(C-14),20.1(C-15),112.0(C-1'),147.2(C-2'),120.6 (C-3'),131.7(C-4'),99.1 (C-5'),156.0(C-6'),170.6(C-7'),42.6 (C-8')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[6],故確定該化合物為Stachyflin(司他弗林)。
化合物2 白色固體(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C25H33N3O3;ESI-MSm/z:456 [M +Na]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:3.94 (1H,dd,J=10.0,3.0 Hz,H-3),6.08(1H,s,H-5a),8.01(1H,d,J=7.3 Hz,H-7),7.29(1H,dd,J=7.3,7.3 Hz,H-8),7.14(1H,dd,J=7.6,7.3 Hz,H-9),7.26(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-10),2.61~2.37 (2H,dd,J=12.7,5.7-11.3 Hz,H-12),3.83(1H,dd,J=11.3,5.7 Hz,H-11a),2.01-1.55 (2H,dd,14.1,8.9-9.7,H-12),1.71 (1H,m,H-13),0.97(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-14),0.91(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-15),5.81(1H,dd,J=17.2,10.9 Hz,H-17),5.12-5.10 (2H,dd,J=10.9-17.2,5.3 Hz,H-18),0.96(3H,s,H-19),1.15(3H,s,H-20),3.53-2.57 (2H,m,H-22),1.21(3H,t,J=7.4,H-23),6.16(1H,br s,2-NH);13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:169.1(C-1),108.1(C-3),179.7(C-4),116.2(C-5),139.8(C-6),211.2(C-7),54.1(C-8),37.6(C-9),31.2(C-10),36.4(C-11),34.7(C-12),43.0(C-13),43.4(C-14),131.5(C-15),132.7(C-16),32.4(C-17),18.1(C-18),23.3(C-19),70.7(C-1'),60.3(C-2'),57.5(C-3'),67.4(C-4'),25.6(C-5'),31.5(C-6')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[7],故確定該化合物為Brevicompanine E。
化合物3 黃綠色固體(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C24H31N3O3;ESI-MSm/z:432 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:3.94 (1H,d,J=4.1 Hz,H-3),6.22(1H,s,H-5a),8.06(1H,d,J=7.3 Hz,H-7),7.31(1H,dd,J=7.3,7.3 Hz,H-8),7.12(1H,dd,J=7.6,7.3 Hz,H-9),7.28(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-10),2.60~2.28 (2H,dd,J=12.6,5.7-11.6 Hz,H-11),3.82(1H,dd,J=11.6,5.7 Hz,H-11a),2.65(1H,m,H-12),1.05 (3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-13),0.92(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-14),5.78(3H,dd,J=16.8,11.1 Hz,H-16),5.14-5.12 (2H,dd,J=16.8,6.0 Hz,H-17),0.98(3H,s,H-18),1.16(3H,s,H-19),3.40-2.63(2H,m,H-21),1.23(3H,t,J=7.2,H-22),6.06 (1H,br s,2-NH);13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:168.2(C-1),60.1(C-3),164.2(C-4),78.4(C-5a),143.7 (C-6a),118.5 (C-7),129.3(C-8),124.3(C-9),124.8(C-10),132.0(C-10a),61.1(C-10b),38.1(C-11),58.8(C-11a),29.4(C-12),19.1(C-13),16.0(C-14),40.8(C-15),143.3(C-16),114.9(C-17),23.5(C-18),33.2(C-19),173.9(C-20),28.5(C-21),9.1(C-22)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[7],故確定該化合物為Brevicompanine H。
化合物4 淡黃色油狀(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C24H33N3O3;ESI-MSm/z:434 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:4.07 (1H,dd,J=8.3,3.6 Hz,H-3),5.91(1H,s,H-5a),6.60(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-7),7.16(1H,dd,J=7.8,7.7 Hz,H-8),6.78(1H,dd,J=7.7,7.2 Hz,H-9),7.18(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-10),2.53~2.35(2H,dd,J=12.5,6.0~11.4Hz,H-11),4.03(1H,dd,J=11.4,6.0 Hz,H-11a),1.97~1.66 (2H,dd,J=11.4~14.1,6.0-9.0 Hz,H-12),1.73 (1H,m,H-13),0.98(3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-14),0.93(3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-15),5.92(1H,dd,J=16.9,11.0 Hz,H-17),5.13~5.08(2H,dd,J=16.9,5.6 Hz,H-18),1.01(3H,s,H-19),1.10(3H,s,H-20),4.97~4.86(2H,d,J=10.2,H-21),3.33(3H,s,H-21),6.16(1H,br s,2-NH);13C NMR (CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:168.7(C-1),53.4(C-3),165.1(C-4),80.4(C-5a),149.6(C-6a),107.0(C-7),129.2(C-8),118.7(C-9),125.4(C-10),129.8(C-10a),60.4(C-10b),38.8(C-11),58.3(C-11a),28.4(C-12),24.2(C-13),23.3(C-14),21.3(C-15),41.3(C-16),143.2(C-17),114.6(C-18),23.1(C-19),22.6(C-20),78.5(C-21),55.7(C-22)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[7],故確定該化合物為Brevicompanine D。
化合物5 無色固體(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C23H31NO5;ESI-MSm/z:424 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:6.78 (1H,s,H-4),3.01~2.64 (2H,dd,J=17.7,5.7~7.3 Hz,H-7),3.90(1H,dd,J=7.3,5.7 Hz,H-8),4.28(2H,br s,H-13),1.74(2H,m,H-14),2.30(1H,m,H-15),5.33(1H,dd,J=7.5,7.5 Hz,H-16),2.08(2H,m,H-18),2.06(1H,m,H-19),5.09 (1H,dd,J=1.3,1.3 Hz,H-20),1.65(3H,s,H-22),1.57(3H,s,H-23),4.11~4.07(2H,d,J=12.4 Hz,H-24),1.28(3H,s,H-25);13C NMR (CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:174.5(C-2),132.4(C-3),101.3(C-4),158.6(C-5),113.8(C-6),27.6(C-7),68.6(C-8),80.3(C-9),150.3(C-11),124.1(C-12),44.3(C-13),39.1(C-14),22.3(C-15),129.0(C-16),139.9(C-17),36.2(C-18),27.8(C-19),125.6(C-20),132.2(C-21),25.7(C-22),17.9(C-23),60.1(C-24),18.6(C-25)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[8],故確定該化合物為Stachybotrin A{(2S,3S)-3,5-二羥基-2-((Z)-4-(羥甲基)-8-甲基-3,7-二烯-1-基)-2-甲基-3,4,8,9-四氫吡喃并[2,3-e]異吲哚-7(2H)-酮}。
化合物6 白色固體(氯仿);分子式為C24H31NO6;ESI-MSm/z:452[M+Na]+;1H NMR (CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:7.51(1H,d,J=2.8 Hz,H-6),4.35(1H,dd,J=10.8,6.0 Hz,H-8),1.50(1H,dd,J=10.8,2.8 Hz,H-9),1.86~0.78(2H,m,H-10),1.66~0.97(2H,m,H-11),1.45(1H,m,H-12),1.69~0.72(1H,m,H-13),1.75(1H,m,H-14),5.30(1H,m,H-15),5.33 (1H,m,H-16),2.80(1H,m,H-17),0.75(3H,d,J=7.3 Hz,H-18),0.84(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-19),3.52(1H,d,J=3.3 Hz,H-2'),3.33(1H,dd,J=3.3,2.9 Hz,H-3'),4.06(1H,m,H-4'),1.80~1.31(2H,m,H-5'),2.14~1.68(2H,m,H-6');13C NMR (CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:169.1(C-2),108.1(C-3),179.7(C-4),116.2(C-5),139.8(C-6),211.2(C-7),54.1(C-8),37.6(C-9),31.2(C-10),36.4(C-11),34.7(C-12),43.0(C-13),43.4(C-14),131.5(C-15),132.7(C-16),32.4(C-17),18.1(C-18),23.3(C-19),70.7(C-1'),60.3(C-2'),57.5(C-3'),67.4(C-4'),25.6(C-5'),31.5(C-6')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[9],故確定該化合物為Apiosporamide{5-((1R,2R,5R,6R)-2,5-二羥基-7-氧雜二環(huán)[4.1.0]庚烷-2-基)-3-((1S,2S,4aR,6S,8aS)-2,6-二甲基-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氫萘-1-羰基)-4-羥基吡啶-2(1H)-酮}。
化合物7 黃色固體(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C10H10O4;ESI-MSm/z:217 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:4.68 (1H,m,H-3),2.91~2.80(1H,dd,J=11.6,2.8 Hz,H-4),6.23(1H,s,H-5),6.18 (1H,s,H-7),1.38 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-9);13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:169.5(C-1),75.4(C-3),33.8(C-4),142.3 (C-4a),106.9(C-5),164.6(C-6),100.9(C-7),163.4(C-8),100.0 (C-8a),20.3(C-9)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[10],故確定該化合物為(3s)-6,8 -二羥基-3 -甲基-3,4 -二氫-1H-異色原-1-酮。
化合物8 黃色固體(甲醇);分子式為C10H13N5O4;ESI-MSm/z:290 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:8.12 (1H,s,H-2),8.34(1H,s,H-8),5.86 (1H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-1'),4.59(1H,t,J=5.3 × (2)Hz,H-2'),4.13(1H,m,H-3'),3.95(1H,q,J=3.5 ×(3)Hz,H-4'),3.66-3.55(2H,m,H-5'),7.34(2H,br s,6-NH2);13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:152.3(C-2),149.1(C-4),119.4(C-5),156.1(C-6),139.8(C-8),87.9(C-1'),73.5(C-2'),70.6(C-3'),85.5(C-4'),61.6(C-5')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[11],故確定該化合物為腺苷。
化合物9 淡黃色固體(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C7H6O2;ESI-MSm/z:155 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:8.40 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-2,6),7.56(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-3,5),10.42(1H,s,H-7);13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:127.9(C-1),132.2(C-2,6),116.1(C-3,5),164.3(C-4),190.8 (C-7)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[12],故確定該化合物為對(duì)-羥基苯甲醛。
化合物10 淺黃色油狀(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C9H11NO3;ESI-MSm/z:204[M+Na]+;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:3.47 (2H,s,H-2),6.47(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.7 Hz,H-3'),6.59 (1H,dd,J=8.4,2.7 Hz,H-4'),6.53(1H,d,J=2.7 Hz,H-6'),3.57(3H,s,H-7');13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:171.8(C-1),35.2(C-2),121.7(C-1'),149.6(C-2'),117.6 (C-3'),115.4 (C-4'),147.8 (C-5'),114.3(C-6'),51.5(C-7')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[13],故確定該化合物為5-氨基-2-羥基苯乙酸甲酯。
化合物11 無色油狀(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C9H12N2O6;ESI-MSm/z:267 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:5.64 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),7.88 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-6),5.77 (1H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-2'),4.01 (1H,m,H-3'),3.95 (1H,m,H-4'),3.83 (1H,m,H-5'),3.57 (2H,m,H-6');13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:150.7 (C-2),163.1(C-4),101.6 (C-5),140.6 (C-6),87.7 (C-2'),73.5 (C-3'),69.8 (C-4'),84.8 (C-5'),60.8 (C-6')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[14],故確定該化合物為尿嘧啶核苷。
化合物12 白色固體(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C25H33NO5;ESI-MSm/z:450 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:2.09~1.70(2H,m,H-3),2.39-1.61(2H,m,H-2),4.67(1H,t,J=7.3 Hz,H-3),1.57(1H,m,H-5),1.95-1.74(2H,m,H-6),2.05-1.34(2H,m,H-7),1.79(1H,m,H-8),3.11-2.15(2H,d,J=17.6 Hz,H-11),1.04(3H,s,H-12),0.80 (3H,s,H-13),1.12(3H,d,J=7.3 Hz,H-14),0.85(3H,s,H-15),2.07(3H,s,H-17),6.65(1H,s,H-5'),4.16-4.10(2H,d,J=17.1,H-8'),9.76(1H,br s,6'-OH),8.28(1H,br s,NH);13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:24.1(C-1),22.7(C-2),75.1(C-3),36.4(C-4),43.5(C-5),23.0(C-6),27.2(C-7),39.0(C-8),37.2(C-9),82.6(C-10),31.8(C-11),29.7(C-12),26.1(C-13),17.0(C-14),19.8(C-15),169.8(C-16),20.8(C-17),112.1(C-1'),146.9(C-2'),120.7 (C-3'),131.8(C-4'),99.4(C-5'),156.1(C-6'),170.3(C-7'),42.5(C-8')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[15],故確定該化合物為Acetylstachyflin(乙酰司他弗林)。
化合物13 淡黃色固體(甲醇);分子式為C6H6N2O;ESI-MSm/z:145[M+Na]+;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:9.03 (1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,H-2),8.21(1H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-4),7.49 (1H,dd,J=7.5,4.8 Hz,H-5),9.03(1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,H-6);13C NMR (DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:152.0(C-2),129.7(C-3),135.2(C-4),123.5(C-5),152.0(C-6),166.6(C-7)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[16],故確定該化合物為Nicotinamide(尼克酰胺)。
化合物14 黃色固體(甲醇,氯仿);分子式為C24H19N3O2;ESI-MSm/z:404 [M+Na]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:7.89 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-4),7.60(1H,dd,J=8.1,7.2 Hz,H-5),7.69(1H,dd,J=8.0,7.2 Hz,H-6),7.73(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-7),8.28(1H,d,J=7.7 Hz,H-12),7.64(1H,dd,J=7.7,7.3 Hz,H-13),7.94(1H,dd,J=8.2,7.3 Hz,H-14),7.91(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-15),4.86(1H,dd,J=7.6,7.6 Hz H-19),3.82-3.41 (2H,dd,J=14.8,7.6 Hz,H-20),7.40(1H,br d,J=7.4 Hz,H-22,26),7.28(1H,br t,J=7.4 Hz,H-23,25),7.23(1H,br d,J=7.4 Hz,H-24),3.05(3H,s,H-27);13C NMR (CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:130.1(C-4),129.7(C-5),131.6(C-6),129.1 (C-7),134.5(C-8),125.4 (C-10),162.0 (C-11),123.1 (C-12),128.4(C-13),135.8(C-14),128.8(C-15),147.5(C-16),154.1(C-18),59.6(C-19),33.6(C-20),138.5(C-21),129.8(C-22,26),129.5(C-23,25),127.7(C-24),28.2(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[17],故確定該化合物為Benzomalvin A{(S)-7-苯甲基-6-甲基-6,7-二氫苯并[6,7][1,4]二氮雜卓[2,1-b]喹唑啉-5,13-二酮}。
MTT 法檢測(cè)化合物1~6、12、14(其余化合物無活性)對(duì)HT-29、A-549 和MCF-7 三種細(xì)胞的抑制率如表1 所示。
表1 部分化合物(25 μg/mL)對(duì)三種腫瘤細(xì)胞的抑制率(%,± s)Table 1 Inhibition rates of compounds 1~6,12 and 14 (25 μg/ mL)on three tumor cells (%,± s)
表1 部分化合物(25 μg/mL)對(duì)三種腫瘤細(xì)胞的抑制率(%,± s)Table 1 Inhibition rates of compounds 1~6,12 and 14 (25 μg/ mL)on three tumor cells (%,± s)
結(jié)果顯示,在分離得到的化合物中,化合物5 具有較明顯的抗腫瘤活性。檢測(cè)不同濃度的化合物5對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的抑制率,結(jié)果如圖1 所示。
圖1 化合物5 對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的抑制效果Fig.1 Inhibition effect of compound 5 on three tumor cells
從圖1 可以看出,對(duì)HT-29 和A-549 細(xì)胞,在6~50 μg/mL 的濃度范圍內(nèi),隨著化合物5 濃度的增加,抑制率逐漸增強(qiáng)。在濃度為50 μg/mL 時(shí),抑制率達(dá)到最大值。對(duì)MCF-7 細(xì)胞,在6~100 μg/mL的濃度范圍內(nèi),抑制率逐漸隨化合物5 濃度的增加而增強(qiáng)。三種細(xì)胞的ED50分別為21.59 μg/mL、23.45 μg/mL 和37.36 μg/mL。
從錫尾礦真菌P-20 液體發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中分離得到14 個(gè)化合物,為錫尾礦真菌次生代謝產(chǎn)物的研究提供信息。經(jīng)MTT 法檢測(cè)到化合物5 有較明顯的抗腫瘤活性。對(duì)于這些化合物的其他活性有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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