彭靜靜
摘要:將來源于嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌(Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, JW200)的雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB) 構(gòu)建到pET-20b(+)上,得到質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB。將來源于疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus DSM 5826)木聚糖酶A(XynA)構(gòu)建到pET-20b-xarB上,得到表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA。將重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA轉(zhuǎn)入大腸桿菌Escherichia coli JM109(DE3)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。SDS-PAGE結(jié)果顯示,該重組酶的分子量為108 kDa,與理論值相符。
關(guān)鍵詞:阿拉伯/木糖苷酶;木聚糖酶;pET-20b(+);多功能半纖維素酶;克?。槐磉_(dá)
中圖分類號(hào):Q785 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2014)17-4205-03
Cloning and Expression of a Trifunctional Hemicellulase Using pET-20b in Escherichia coli
PENG Jing-jing
(College of Biology and Enology, Taishan University, Taian 271021, Shandong, China)
Abstract: The structure gene from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW200 encoding arabinosidase-xylosidase XarB gene was amplified and ligated into pET-20b(+), resulting in pET-20b-xarB. The structure gene from Thermomyces lanuginosus DSM 5826 encoding xylanase(XynA) was amplified and ligated into pET-20b-xarB, resulting in pET-20b-xarB-xynA. The trifunctional enzyme (XarB-XynA) was obtained after expression pET-20b-xarB-xynA in Escherichia coli JM109(DE3). SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular mass of the expressed recombinant XarB-XynA was about 108 kDa, the same as the predicted size.
Key words: arabinosidase-xylosidase; xylanase; pET-20b(+);XarB-XynA; cloning; expression
農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物是指農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品加工后的剩余物,主要包括農(nóng)作物或果樹的秸稈或枝條、果實(shí)外殼、玉米芯、甘蔗渣等,其主要化學(xué)成分是纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素等,是亟待開發(fā)的重要可再生資源。我國每年秸稈產(chǎn)量達(dá)6億t左右,目前大部分秸稈用于燃燒或者被廢棄[1]。秸稈中半纖維素的含量占總干重的25%~50%,其化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)較纖維素復(fù)雜,其徹底降解的產(chǎn)物主要是木糖和少量阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖醛酸,可以用作基本碳源生產(chǎn)有機(jī)酸、氨基酸、單細(xì)胞蛋白、糖醇、工業(yè)酶類溶劑或燃劑。
來自嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌(Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus,JW200)的阿拉伯/木糖苷酶,以人工底物進(jìn)行測試,其木糖苷酶活性和阿拉伯糖苷酶活性分別為每毫克蛋白質(zhì)180和1 000 U,高于其他木糖苷酶或阿拉伯糖苷酶的活性[2]。疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌(T. lanuginosus DSM 5826)所產(chǎn)生的木聚糖酶A(XynA)屬于G/11家族,具有較好的熱穩(wěn)定性,在高溫和堿性條件下有效且穩(wěn)定,沒有纖維素活性,具有工業(yè)化應(yīng)用前景,且研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該木聚糖酶優(yōu)先降解高聚合度的木聚糖鏈,產(chǎn)物是不同聚合度的低聚木糖,不產(chǎn)生木單糖,這對(duì)于生產(chǎn)低聚木糖具有很好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值[3]。同時(shí)使用多種克隆的特異水解某一多糖結(jié)構(gòu)的水解酶來降解木聚糖,清潔高效,但工序復(fù)雜,成本高。在不改變酶自身優(yōu)良性質(zhì)的條件下,如果將有關(guān)的水解酶融合串聯(lián)成一個(gè)具有多種水解酶活性的多功能酶,或通過融合標(biāo)簽回收重復(fù)利用酶,來提高融合酶的綜合效率,這將大大簡化工序并降低成本[4-6]。
本研究采用帶有T7強(qiáng)啟動(dòng)子的pET系列表達(dá)載體,將嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌的雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)和來源于疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌木聚糖酶A(XynA)進(jìn)行基因融合,得到多功能酶的融合表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA。通過蛋白質(zhì)工程構(gòu)建多功能半纖維素酶(XarB-XynA)來促進(jìn)生物轉(zhuǎn)化,為酶法降解半纖維素的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)提供參考。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
菌株:E. coli DH10B、E. coli JM109(DE3)(購自Promega公司)。
Luria-Bertani(LB)培養(yǎng)基:胰蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母膏5 g/L,NaCl 10 g/L。固體培養(yǎng)基添加終濃度為2%的瓊脂粉。
含有雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)的重組質(zhì)粒pHsh-xarB、含有疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌 (T. lanuginosus DSM 5826)木聚糖酶A(XynA)基因的質(zhì)粒pHsh-xynA2由本實(shí)驗(yàn)早期構(gòu)建并保存。質(zhì)粒pET-20b(+) (購自Novagen 公司)。endprint
1.2 方法
1.2.1 基因組提取 DNA 操作采用分子克隆技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法進(jìn)行。質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)化采用電轉(zhuǎn)化方法進(jìn)行,質(zhì)粒和PCR產(chǎn)物采用Qiagen plasmid kit 和PCR purification kit(Qiagen USA)進(jìn)行純化。
1.2.2 基因克隆 根據(jù)GenBank中嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌(JW200)雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)的基因序列(GenBank登錄號(hào)AF135015)設(shè)計(jì)引物xarB-N和xarB-C。xarB-N : 5- CCCTCTAGAAATAATTTTGTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGAAGCCATTATATTTAGAT-3,下劃線為 XbaⅠ酶切位點(diǎn)。xarB-C:5- CCCGATATC TTTATTCTCTACCCTTACTTCC -3,下劃線為 EcoR V酶切位點(diǎn)。以提取的重組質(zhì)粒pHsh-xarB為模板, 利用相應(yīng)的上下游引物擴(kuò)增雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶基因xarB,為提高所擴(kuò)增片段的保真性,用Pyrobest DNA 酶對(duì)模板進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增。具體方法見參考文獻(xiàn)[2,3]。所得質(zhì)粒命名為pET-20b-xarB,雙酶切驗(yàn)證正確的質(zhì)粒送上海美吉生物技術(shù)公司測序。
根據(jù)GenBank中疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌(DSM 5826)木聚糖酶A(XynA)基因序列(GenBank 登錄號(hào)U35436)以及本試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化的pHsh-XynA2的木聚糖酶A(XynA)基因序列,以重組質(zhì)粒pHsh-xynA2為模板,設(shè)計(jì)引物xynA-N和xynA-C。xynA-N: 5-CCCGATATCATGCAGACTACCCCGA-3,下劃線為EcoR V酶切位點(diǎn)。xynA-C:5-CCGCTCGAGGCCAACGTCAGCAACA-3,下劃線為為 XhoⅠ酶切位點(diǎn)。
以pHsh-xynA2為模板,利用相應(yīng)的上下游引物擴(kuò)增基因xynA,為提高所擴(kuò)增片段的保真性,用Pyrobest DNA 酶對(duì)模板進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增。具體方法見參考文獻(xiàn)[2,3]。PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物電泳檢測正確后純化,將pET-20b-xarB質(zhì)粒和PCR擴(kuò)增純化后的DNA片段分別用EcoR V和XhoⅠ雙酶切,割膠回收DNA片段和載體酶切產(chǎn)物,乙醇沉淀濃縮,16 ℃下連接6~12 h。連接液轉(zhuǎn)化至E.coli DH10B,挑取陽性克隆,提取質(zhì)粒用EcoR V和XhoⅠ內(nèi)切酶酶切驗(yàn)證,得到重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA,雙酶切驗(yàn)證正確的質(zhì)粒送上海美吉生物技術(shù)公司測序。
1.2.3 重組蛋白的表達(dá)與純化 重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA電轉(zhuǎn)化到宿主細(xì)胞E. coli JM109 (DE3)中,挑取重組單菌落接種于含100 μg/mL的氨芐青霉素的 LB 培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng),至OD600 nm為0.6~0.8,加IPTG至濃度為0.8 mmol/L,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)6 h后,離心收集菌體。用50 mmol/L pH為7.5的 Tris-HCl 緩沖液洗滌細(xì)胞2次,并用相同緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,置于冰水浴中用超聲波破碎儀破碎細(xì)胞, 超聲條件為50 Hz×15 s×8, 細(xì)胞碎片于12 000 r/min 離心10 min,去除上清液即為粗酶液。將粗酶液在60 ℃熱處理30 min后,4 ℃ 12 000 r/min 離心30 min去除變性蛋白。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB的構(gòu)建
根據(jù)GenBank中嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌(JW200)雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶基因xarB的序列,以重組質(zhì)粒pHsh-xarB為模板,用引物xarB-N和xarB-C進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,結(jié)果如圖1A所示,擴(kuò)增出來的片段與基因?qū)嶋H大小2 355 bp是相符的。
PCR產(chǎn)物驗(yàn)證正確后過柱純化,并用XbaⅠ和EcoR V進(jìn)行雙酶切,酶切后的pET-20b(+)質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行連接,得到重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB。重組質(zhì)粒經(jīng)EcoR V單酶切后釋放出6 000 bp大小的條帶,經(jīng)XbaⅠ和EcoR V雙酶切后,釋放出2 300 bp大小的條帶,與基因大小一致,同時(shí)在3 700 bp處有一條帶和pET-20b(+)載體酶切后條帶大小一致,結(jié)果如圖1B所示,測序結(jié)果表明基因xarB序列與公布的序列完全一致。
2.2 重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA的構(gòu)建
以重組質(zhì)粒pHsh-xynA2為模板,以xynA-N和xynA-C為引物進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,將純化后的DNA片段與pET-20b-xarB分別用EcoR V和XhoⅠ進(jìn)行
雙酶切,連接后挑選陽性克隆,得到重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA。重組質(zhì)粒經(jīng)XhoⅠ單酶切后釋放出6 600 bp大小的條帶,經(jīng)XbaⅠ和XhoⅠ雙酶切后,釋放出2 955 bp大小的條帶,與基因(xarB+xynA)大小一致,同時(shí)在3 700 bp處有一條帶和pET-20b(+)載體酶切后條帶大小一致,酶切結(jié)果如圖2所示。
2.3 重組多功能半纖維素酶的表達(dá)及檢測
將重組質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA電轉(zhuǎn)化到宿主細(xì)胞E. coli JM109(DE3)中,挑取重組單菌落接種于含100 g/mL 的氨芐青霉素的 LB 培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)至OD600 nm為0.6~0.8,加IPTG至濃度為0.8 mmol/L,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)6 h 后,離心收集菌體。以pET-20b(+)轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物為對(duì)照,SDS-PAGE分析結(jié)果表明,重組菌均能產(chǎn)生約108 kDa的特異條帶,結(jié)果如圖3所示,與預(yù)期的蛋白質(zhì)相對(duì)分子量大小一致。
3 討論
雖然已有多種木聚糖酶被提純或基因克隆,并且這些酶在底物特異性熱穩(wěn)定性及酶反應(yīng)的底物范圍等性能方面都各有優(yōu)勢,但是相對(duì)于半纖維素結(jié)構(gòu)及其降解的復(fù)雜特點(diǎn),僅靠自然菌種所產(chǎn)酶的單一優(yōu)良性質(zhì)仍不能實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的高效利用,也不能滿足工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的需要。重組酶XarB這個(gè)雙重活性的酶可與木聚糖酶協(xié)同作用徹底降解阿拉伯木聚糖,是工業(yè)酶制劑的理想酶源,從而為構(gòu)建多功能半纖維素融合酶提供一個(gè)很好的酶材料。endprint
本研究將來源于嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)和來源于疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌木聚糖酶A(XynA)同時(shí)構(gòu)建到pET-20b(+)上,得到融合酶表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA,并且在大腸桿菌里面成功表達(dá)。雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)和木聚糖酶(XynA)融合后所得的雜合酶在降解農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物方面有著明顯的優(yōu)勢,將有助于提高農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的降解效率。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] BASTAWDE K B. Xylan structure, microbial xylanase, and their mode of action[J]. World J Microbiol Biotechnol,1992,8:353-368.
[2] YIN E K, LE Y L, PEI J J, et al. High-level expression of the xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in Escherichia coli [J]. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2008, 24: 275-280.
[3] XUE Y M, LU C, MAO Z G, et al. Cloning and expression of arabinofuranosi-dase/xylosidase gene of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus in Escherichia coli and stability of expression products[J]. J China Agri Univ, 2003,8(5):9-13.
[4] LEVASSEUR A, NAVARRO D, PUNT P J, et al. Construction of engineered bifunctional enzymes and their overproduction in Aspergillus niger for improved enzymatic tools to degrade agricultural by-products[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005, 71(12): 8132-8140.
[5] SHENG Y J, LI S, GOU X J, et al. The hybrid enzymes from α-aspartyl dipeptidase and L-aspartase[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 331(1): 107-124.
[6] LU P, FENG M G, LI W F, et al. Construction and characterization of a bifunctional fusion enzyme of Bacillus-sourced β-glucanase and xylanase expressed in Escherichia coli [J]. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2006, 261(2): 224-230.endprint
本研究將來源于嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)和來源于疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌木聚糖酶A(XynA)同時(shí)構(gòu)建到pET-20b(+)上,得到融合酶表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA,并且在大腸桿菌里面成功表達(dá)。雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)和木聚糖酶(XynA)融合后所得的雜合酶在降解農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物方面有著明顯的優(yōu)勢,將有助于提高農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的降解效率。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] BASTAWDE K B. Xylan structure, microbial xylanase, and their mode of action[J]. World J Microbiol Biotechnol,1992,8:353-368.
[2] YIN E K, LE Y L, PEI J J, et al. High-level expression of the xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in Escherichia coli [J]. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2008, 24: 275-280.
[3] XUE Y M, LU C, MAO Z G, et al. Cloning and expression of arabinofuranosi-dase/xylosidase gene of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus in Escherichia coli and stability of expression products[J]. J China Agri Univ, 2003,8(5):9-13.
[4] LEVASSEUR A, NAVARRO D, PUNT P J, et al. Construction of engineered bifunctional enzymes and their overproduction in Aspergillus niger for improved enzymatic tools to degrade agricultural by-products[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005, 71(12): 8132-8140.
[5] SHENG Y J, LI S, GOU X J, et al. The hybrid enzymes from α-aspartyl dipeptidase and L-aspartase[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 331(1): 107-124.
[6] LU P, FENG M G, LI W F, et al. Construction and characterization of a bifunctional fusion enzyme of Bacillus-sourced β-glucanase and xylanase expressed in Escherichia coli [J]. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2006, 261(2): 224-230.endprint
本研究將來源于嗜熱厭氧乙醇菌雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)和來源于疏棉狀嗜熱絲孢菌木聚糖酶A(XynA)同時(shí)構(gòu)建到pET-20b(+)上,得到融合酶表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-20b-xarB-xynA,并且在大腸桿菌里面成功表達(dá)。雙活性阿拉伯/木糖苷酶(XarB)和木聚糖酶(XynA)融合后所得的雜合酶在降解農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物方面有著明顯的優(yōu)勢,將有助于提高農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的降解效率。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] BASTAWDE K B. Xylan structure, microbial xylanase, and their mode of action[J]. World J Microbiol Biotechnol,1992,8:353-368.
[2] YIN E K, LE Y L, PEI J J, et al. High-level expression of the xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in Escherichia coli [J]. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2008, 24: 275-280.
[3] XUE Y M, LU C, MAO Z G, et al. Cloning and expression of arabinofuranosi-dase/xylosidase gene of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus in Escherichia coli and stability of expression products[J]. J China Agri Univ, 2003,8(5):9-13.
[4] LEVASSEUR A, NAVARRO D, PUNT P J, et al. Construction of engineered bifunctional enzymes and their overproduction in Aspergillus niger for improved enzymatic tools to degrade agricultural by-products[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005, 71(12): 8132-8140.
[5] SHENG Y J, LI S, GOU X J, et al. The hybrid enzymes from α-aspartyl dipeptidase and L-aspartase[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 331(1): 107-124.
[6] LU P, FENG M G, LI W F, et al. Construction and characterization of a bifunctional fusion enzyme of Bacillus-sourced β-glucanase and xylanase expressed in Escherichia coli [J]. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2006, 261(2): 224-230.endprint