邱彩花
在英語(yǔ)中,有很多表示“情感、態(tài)度、心理變化”等情感的單詞,充分表現(xiàn)了人的“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)、愛、憎、悲”各種感受,這些詞雖然在用法上比較接近,如情感動(dòng)詞后面一般可以直接加“某人”作賓語(yǔ),意思是“使某人……”,但在形式上卻大有不同。筆者現(xiàn)將高中英語(yǔ)常用的“情感”詞的各種形式總結(jié),以供考生復(fù)習(xí)參考。
一、可以在動(dòng)詞后加-ing或-ed形式作形容詞的情感動(dòng)詞
加-ing構(gòu)成的形容詞一般修飾事物,表示“使人……的”,加-ed構(gòu)成的形容詞一般修飾人(多數(shù)是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞),表示“人感到……的”。
1. 表示“驚訝、不安、害怕、擔(dān)憂”的動(dòng)詞。
alarm→alarming→alarmed(使驚恐→使人驚恐的→感到驚恐的)
amaze→amazing→amazed
astonish→astonishing→astonished
surprise→surprising→surprised
shock→shocking→shocked
startle→startling→startled
disturb→disturbing→disturbed
stun→stunning→stunned
frighten→frightening→frightened
horrify→horrifying→horrified
terrify→terrifying→terrified
worry→worrying→worried
threaten→threatening→threatened
upset→upsetting→upset(與原形一樣)
2. 表示“逗笑、高興、滿意、興奮、受激勵(lì)、感動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞。
amuse→amusing→amused(使愉快→有趣的→愉快的)
entertain→entertaining→entertained
fascinate→fascinating→fascinated
inspire→inspiring→inspired
encourage→encouraging→encouraged
excite→exciting→excited
please→pleasing→pleased
relax→relaxing→relaxed
satisfy→satisfying→satisfied
thrill→thrilling→thrilled
move→moving→moved
touch→touching→touched
interest→interesting→interested
convince→convincing→convinced
3. 表示“困惑、沮喪、苦惱、失望、生氣、無(wú)聊、疲勞”的動(dòng)詞。
confuse→confusing→confused(使困惑→令人困惑的→困惑的)
puzzle→puzzling→puzzled
annoy→annoying→annoyed
depress→depressing→depressed
distress→distressing→distressed
frustrate→frustrating→frustrated
discourage→discouraging→discouraged
depress→depressing→depressed
disappoint→disappointing→disappointed
disgust→disgusting→disgusted
irritate→irritating→irritated
bore→boring→bored
tire→tiring→tired
exhaust→exhausting→exhausted
二、加-ful/ -able/-y/-some等后綴構(gòu)成形容詞的情感名詞或動(dòng)詞
delight→delightful (令人愉快的)
regret→regretful(令人惋惜的)
dread→dreadful(令人不快的)
joy→joyful(令人愉快的)
stress→stressful(令人感到壓力重的)
hope→hopeful(滿懷希望的)
doubt→doubtful(懷疑的)
fear→fearful(擔(dān)心的)
mourn→mournful(憂傷的)
cheer→cheerful(興高采烈的)
hate→hateful (可惡的)
enjoy→enjoyable (使人快樂(lè)的)
admire→admirable (令人羨慕的)
desire→desirable(合意的)
awe→awesome(令人驚嘆的)
fear→fearsome(很可怕的)
bother→bothersome (困擾人的)
desire→desirous(渴望的)
anger→angry (生氣的)endprint
scare→scary(嚇人的,恐怖的)
hesitate→hesitant(躊躇的)
please→pleasant(令人愉快的)
tolerate→tolerant(寬容的
sympathize→sympathetic(表示同情的)
三、動(dòng)詞與名詞同形的情感詞
larm v.& n.(使驚恐;恐慌)
awe v.& n.(使敬畏;敬畏)
bother v.& n. (使煩惱;麻煩)
delight v.& n.(使愉快;愉快)
despair v.& n. (絕望)
desire v.& n.(渴望;欲望、愿望)
dislike v.& n.(厭惡;不喜歡)
disgust v.& n. (使厭惡;厭惡)
distress v.& n.(使悲傷;悲傷)
doubt v.& n.(懷疑;疑惑)
fear v.& n.(畏懼;擔(dān)憂)
hate v.& n.(厭惡;憎恨)
interest v.& n.(使感興趣;興趣)
love v.& n.(熱愛;喜愛,愛情)
regret v.& n.(感到遺憾;懊悔)
scare v.& n.(使害怕;恐懼)
surprise v.& n.(使驚奇;驚奇)
shock v.& n.(使震驚;震驚)
thrill v.& n.(使非常興奮;興奮)
sorrow v.& n. (感到悲傷;悲痛)
upset v.& n.(使心煩意亂,煩悶、苦惱)
worry v.& n.(擔(dān)心、發(fā)愁,擔(dān)心、憂慮)
四、加-ment/-tion/-ance等后綴構(gòu)成情感名詞的動(dòng)詞。
amuse→amusement
astonish→astonishment amaze →amazement
excite→excitement
encourage→encouragement disappoint→disappointment
enjoy→enjoyment
puzzle→puzzlement discourage→discouragement
admire→admiration
confuse→confusion fascinate →fascination
inspire→inspiration
motivate→motivation satisfy→satisfaction
relax→relaxation
annoy→annoyance disturb→disturbance
tolerate→tolerance
grieve→grief relieve→relief
hate→hatred/hate
bore→boredom mourn→mourning
terrify→terror tire→tiredness
please→pleasure
五、只有形容詞(副詞)和名詞形式的情感詞
anxious(焦慮的、擔(dān)心的、渴望的)
→anxiously (焦慮地)→anxiety(焦慮、憂慮)
desperate(絕望的、渴望的)
→desperately (極其地、絕望地)→desperation(絕望)
eager(渴望的、熱切的)
→eagerly (熱切地)→eagerness (渴望)
fond (喜愛、喜歡的)→fondness (喜愛)
grateful(感激的、表示感謝的)
→gratefully (感激地)→gratitude (感激之情、感謝)
happy(高興的、開心的)
→happily (高興地)→happiness (幸福、快樂(lè))
jealous(羨慕的、忌妒的)
→jealously (忌妒地)→jealousy(忌妒、羨慕)
merry(愉快的、高興的)
→merrily (愉快地)→merriment (歡樂(lè))
merciful(仁慈的、慈悲的)
→mercifully (仁慈地)→mercy(仁慈、寬恕)
sad(悲哀的、難過(guò)的)
→sadly (悲傷地)→sadness (悲傷、難過(guò))
sorrowful(悲傷的、悲痛的)
→sorrowfully (悲傷地)→sorrow (悲傷、悲痛)
六、少數(shù)由“情感”名詞或形容詞加后綴得來(lái)的動(dòng)詞。
fright (n.)→frighten
threat (n.)→threaten
sad (adj.)→sadden
七、少數(shù)以-ing/-ed結(jié)尾的“情感”形容詞后面還可以加后綴-ly構(gòu)成副詞。
amazing→amazingly令人驚奇的是
surprising→surprisingly想不到的是
discouraging→discouragingly令人泄氣地
shocking→shockingly驚人地
contented→contentedly心滿意足地
delighted→delightedly 滿意地
(作者單位:河源市東源縣東源中學(xué))
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