摘要:詞的翻譯至關(guān)重要,極其細(xì)微,所以嚴(yán)復(fù)曾說:“一名之立,旬月踟躕”。擇詞的過程可以說是譯者將原文放在一定環(huán)境下在譯文中尋求對應(yīng)的表達(dá)來傳遞相同內(nèi)涵的過程。因此,選擇正確的詞匯是保障譯文質(zhì)量的首要條件。要做到正確的選擇詞匯,譯者又不得不考慮詞的翻譯方法。
關(guān)鍵詞:擇詞 翻譯法 質(zhì)量
(一)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是翻譯中常用的翻譯方法。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換就是把英語中的某種詞性,轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語中的另外一種詞性來表達(dá)的翻譯手段。
1.轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞
和英語比較起來,漢語多用動詞。在英語句子中往往只用一個謂語動詞,而在漢語中卻可以將幾個動詞連用。如:
原文:I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.
譯文:你決定戰(zhàn)勝復(fù)習(xí)考試中的困難,這點我很欽佩。
原文:The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
譯文:看到我們的噴氣式飛機,聽見隆隆的飛機聲,我特別神往。
原文:千山鳥飛絕,萬徑人蹤滅。(選自《江雪》柳宗元)
譯文: From hill to hill no birds in flight, from path to path no man in sight. (by Xu Yuanchong)
2.轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞
原文:To them, he personified the absolute power.
譯文:在他們看來,他就是絕對權(quán)威的化身。
原文:He was treated very badly by the press during this period.
譯文:在這期間,他受到了新聞界極不公正的對待。
(二)增詞法
所謂增詞法,就是在翻譯時按意義上(或者修辭上)和句法上的需要增加一些詞來更通順地表達(dá)原文的思想。但要注意,不能無中生有地隨意增詞。如:
原文:In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué(公報).
譯文:晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看兵乓球表演之后,他還得起草最后公報。(增加動詞)
原文:Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
譯文:由于對語言和思維關(guān)系感興趣,沃爾夫漸漸形成了這樣一個觀點,即在一個社會中,語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定了習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。(增加副詞)
原文:Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.
譯文:瑪麗在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后,就靠洗衣服維持生活。(增加名詞)
原文:Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.
譯文:記著紛紛飛到墨西哥去了。(增加數(shù)詞)
原文:The lion is the king of animals.
譯文:獅子是百獸之王。(增加數(shù)詞)
原文:Flowers bloom all over the yard.
譯文:朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。(增加數(shù)詞)
(三)重復(fù)法
重復(fù)法是指在譯文中適當(dāng)?shù)刂貜?fù)原文中出現(xiàn)過的詞語,以使意思表達(dá)得更加清楚;或者進一步加強語氣,強調(diào)某些內(nèi)容,收到更好的修辭效果。如:
原文:Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.
譯文:必須培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析問題和解決問題的能力。(重復(fù)名詞)
原文:Light travels more quickly than sound does.
譯文:光傳播的速度要比聲音的傳播速度快得多。(重復(fù)動詞)
原文:Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
譯文:杰西睜開眼睛,眼里充滿了淚水。(重復(fù)代詞)
原文:Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.
譯文:誰違反了紀(jì)律,誰就應(yīng)該受到批評。(重復(fù)代詞)
(四)翻譯例析:
原文:The emphasis on data gathered first –hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective, makes this study a unique and important social science.
譯文:強調(diào)收集第一手資料,加上跨文化視角,使得這一研究成為一門獨特且重要的社會科學(xué)。
原文:Japanese voters granted Prime Minister Abe (安倍)more freedom to pursue his ambitious growth agenda and muscular foreign policy by handing his ruling coalition a landslide victory that is expected to reverberate through Japans economy and global financial markets.
譯文:日本選民賦予首相安倍領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟以壓倒性勝利,從而使他能更自由地推行其野心勃勃的經(jīng)濟增長計劃和強硬的外教政策。人們預(yù)計此次勝利將給日本經(jīng)濟和全球金融市場帶來影響。
原文:Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.
譯文:與新技術(shù)息息相關(guān)的是一些現(xiàn)代商人,他們?nèi)找婵粗貒馍獾慕?jīng)濟價值。
作者簡介:鄧斌(1989-),男,河北廊坊人,碩士,英語筆譯(M T I)專業(yè), 研究方向:人文社科翻譯
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[2]唐靜.考研英語拆分與組合翻譯法[M].群言出版社,2013
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