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利用無標記的分子信標及核酸染料Hoechst 33258 檢測特定序列核酸

2014-09-02 21:30向東山等
分析化學 2014年8期
關鍵詞:染料熒光核酸

向東山等

摘要利用無標記的分子信標及核酸染料Hoechst 33258建立了一種高靈敏、高選擇性的特定序列核酸檢測方法,并以野生型乙型肝炎病毒的一段寡核苷酸序列為目標DNA,對這種方法進行了驗證。

1引言

特定序列單鏈核酸(DNA)的特異性檢測在臨床診斷、基因治療、環(huán)境調(diào)查、食品安全及生物醫(yī)學研究等領域都具有十分重要的意義\[1~5\]。分子信標(Molecular beacons)是一種呈發(fā)夾結構的莖環(huán)雙標記的寡核苷酸探針,具有操作簡單、選擇性好以及不必與未反應的探針分離即可實時檢測等特點,在特定序列單鏈DNA的檢測中扮演著越來越重要的角色\[6~13\]。近年來,有關分子信標對特定序列單鏈DNA檢測的報道逐漸增多\[14~16\]。盡管分子信標在DNA的定性及定量分析中顯示出廣闊的應用前景,但經(jīng)典分子信標在實際定量分析中還存在一些不足: (1) 經(jīng)典分子信標具有較強的背景信號,影響定量檢測的檢出限\[17\];(2) 相對于核酸染料而言,分子信標對核酸檢測的靈敏度較低;(3) 經(jīng)典分子信標需要在兩端分別標記熒光基團及猝滅基團,制備時間長且成本高。

核酸染料Hoechst 33258是一種可以穿透細胞膜的藍色熒光染料,具有很高的靈敏度\[18,19\]。它在水溶液中熒光很弱,與單鏈DNA幾乎不發(fā)生作用,但與雙鏈DNA具有很強的親和性,能嵌入雙鏈DNA的小溝中,與雙鏈中的A/T堿基對發(fā)生特異性結合,使其結構發(fā)生變化,導致熒光強度大大增加\[20,21\]。根據(jù)此原理,Hoechst 33258在雙鏈 DNA 含量測定中,已得到廣泛應用\[22,23\]。

Hoechst 33258 與分子信標聯(lián)合應用的報道較少。James等\[24\]利用Hoechst 33258 與分子信標研究了發(fā)夾聚酰胺對雙鏈DNA的解鏈溫度的影響,并獲得了較好的結果。到目前為止,利用Hoechst 33258 結合分子信標對特定序列核酸的檢測還未見報道。

本研究利用無標記的分子信標(無有機熒光基團和熒滅基團)及Hoechst 33258建立一種高靈敏、高選擇性的特定序列核酸檢測方法。在這種分析方法中,將無標記分子信標的莖完全設計成C/G堿基對,分子信標的環(huán)設計為目標DNA的互補序列。利用分子信標與目標DNA反應之前,Hoechst 33258熒光信號很弱,而與目標DNA反應之后,其熒光信號顯著增強的基本原理,實現(xiàn)對特定序列DNA的定量檢測。

相對于經(jīng)典分子信標對核酸的檢測而言,本方法具有以下特點:(1)使用無標記分子信標,省去了標記步驟, 降低了分析成本; (2)將分子信標的莖完全設計成C/G堿基對,而Hoechst 33258不與C/G堿基對發(fā)生作用,因此背景熒光很低,可顯著降低分析方法的檢出限; (3)利用Hoechst 33258的熒光代替經(jīng)典分子信標中的熒光基團對目標核酸進行檢測,可顯著提高檢測的靈敏度。這主要是因為利用核酸染料檢測核酸時,一個核酸分子能與多個核酸染料相結合,而每個分子信標只有一個熒光基團。同時無標記的分子信標又保留了經(jīng)典分子信標中莖環(huán)的結構,仍然具有很高的選擇性。

3結果與討論

3.1檢測原理

利用無標記的分子信標及Hoechst 33258對特定序列核酸檢測的原理如圖1所示。在沒有目標DNA時,盡管分子信標處于莖環(huán)結構狀態(tài),但分子信標的莖全部由C/G堿基對組成,不與Hoechst 33258作用,此時Hoechst 33258的熒光信號很弱;在有目標DNA時,其與分子信標發(fā)生雜交反應,形成雙鏈DNA后再與Hoechst 33258結合,Hoechst 33258的熒光強度顯著增強。根據(jù)熒光增強的程度,實現(xiàn)對特定單鏈DNA的檢測。

3.3.6核酸染料Hoechst 33258與雙鏈DNA作用的時間的影響核酸染料Hoechst 33258只有與雙鏈DNA結合之后才會發(fā)出較強的熒光,因此它與雙鏈DNA的結合時間是影響其熒光強度的重要因素。本實驗對Hoechst 33258與雙鏈DNA的結合時間進行了考察。結果表明,在9 min內(nèi),Hoechst 33258的熒光強度隨著時間的增加而增大;當結合時間超過9 min后,Hoechst 33258的熒光強度不再發(fā)生變化。

3.4工作曲線及復雜樣品中核酸的檢測

在3.5堿基錯配分析

對不同堿基錯配序列DNA進行了分析,以考察方法的特異性,結果如圖4所示。對于不同堿基錯配序列的DNA,Hoechst 33258的熒光強度具有顯著區(qū)別。對于目標DNA序列、單堿基錯配DNA序列、雙堿基錯配DNA序列及三堿基錯配DNA序列,所對應的熒光強度之比

4結論

利用無標記的分子信標與單鏈DNA特異性反應生成雙鏈,再與Hoechst 33258結合后,其熒光顯著增強的基本原理,建立了檢測特定序列核酸的新方法。本方法操作簡單、檢測速度快、靈敏度高、重現(xiàn)性好、檢出限低。

References

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8ZHENG AiHua, ZHU Qing, XIANG DongShan, HE ZhiKe. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 41(3): 325-329

鄭愛華, 朱 慶, 向東山, 何治柯. 分析化學, 2013, 41(3): 325-329

9Haner R, Biner S M, Langenegger S M, Meng T, Malinovskii V L. Angew. Chem. Int. Et., 2010, 49(7): 1227-1230

10Tang Z W, Liu P, Ma C B, Yang X H, Wang K M, Tan W H, Lv X Y. Anal. Chem., 2011, 83(7): 2505-2510

11LIU Bin, YANG XiaoHai, WANG KeMin,TAN WeiHong. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2012, 32(3): 486-491

劉 斌, 羊小海, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓. 高等學?;瘜W學報, 2012, 32(3): 486-491

12Sheng P P, Yang Z Y, Kim Y M, Wu Y R, Tan W H, Benner S A. Chem. Commun., 2008, 44(41): 5128-5130

13Qiao G M, Zhuo L H, Gao Y, Yu L J, Li N, Tang B. Chem. Commun., 2011, 47(26): 7458-7460

14Wu C S, Oo M K K, Cupps J M, Fan X D. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2011, 26(9): 3870-3875

15Li F, Huang Y, Yang Q, Zhong Z T, Li D, Wang L H, Song S P, Fan C H. Nanoscale, 2010, 2(6): 1021-1026

16Wu J K, Huang C H, Cheng G F, Zhang F, He P G, Fang Y Z. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11(1): 177-180

17Zhang P, Beck T, Tan W H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2001, 40(2): 402-405

18Buurma N J, Haq I. J. Mol. Biol., 2008, 381(3): 607-621

19Furse K E, Corcelli S A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130(39): 13103-13109

20Anuradha, Alam M S, Chaudhury N K. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2010, 58(11): 1447-1454

21Ojha H, Murari B M, Anand S, Hassan M I, Ahmad F, Chaudhury N K. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2009, 57(5): 481-486

22Kobayashi M, Takashi K B, Saito M, Kaji S, Oomura M, Iwabuchi S, Morita Y, Hasan Q, Tamiya E. Electrochem. Commun., 2004, 6(4): 323-343

23Zhou Y L, Mao S N, Li Y Z, Chang W B. Microchim. Acta, 2004, 144(1): 191-197

24James P L, Le S L, Ellervik U, Bratwall C, Norden B, Brown T, Fox K R. Biophys. Chem., 2004, 111(3): 205-212

AbstractA highly sensitive and selective method for specific DNA sequence detection is developed using a nonlabeled molecular beacon (MB) and a nucleic acid dye Hoechst 33258. It is demonstrated by a specific DNA sequence of wildtype HBV as a model system. In this strategy, the stem of MB is completely designed as C/G base pairs. In the absence of target DNA, the interaction between Hoechst 33258 and the MBs is very weak,and the fluorescence signals of Hoechst 33258 is very low. In the presence of target DNA, the MBs hybridize with the target DNA and form doublestranded structure. Hoechst 33258 binds to dsDNA, and the fluorescence intensity is significantly enhanced. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33258 exhibits good linear dependence on target DNA concentration in the range of 2×10

The proposed method has good precision, simple operation, fast detection speed, low detection limit, high accuracy and high sensitivity.

KeywordsNonlabeled molecular beacon; Hoechst 33258 nucleic acid dye; Singlestranded nucleic acid; Fluorescence

5Song S P, Liang Z Q, Zhang J, Wang L H, Li G X, Fan C H. Angew. Chem. Int. Et., 2009, 48(46): 8670-8674

6Nesterova I V, Erdem S S, Pakhomov S, Hammer R P, Soper S A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(7): 2432-2433

7Radi A E, Sanchez J L A, Baldrich E, O′Sullivan C K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128(1): 117-124

8ZHENG AiHua, ZHU Qing, XIANG DongShan, HE ZhiKe. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 41(3): 325-329

鄭愛華, 朱 慶, 向東山, 何治柯. 分析化學, 2013, 41(3): 325-329

9Haner R, Biner S M, Langenegger S M, Meng T, Malinovskii V L. Angew. Chem. Int. Et., 2010, 49(7): 1227-1230

10Tang Z W, Liu P, Ma C B, Yang X H, Wang K M, Tan W H, Lv X Y. Anal. Chem., 2011, 83(7): 2505-2510

11LIU Bin, YANG XiaoHai, WANG KeMin,TAN WeiHong. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2012, 32(3): 486-491

劉 斌, 羊小海, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓. 高等學?;瘜W學報, 2012, 32(3): 486-491

12Sheng P P, Yang Z Y, Kim Y M, Wu Y R, Tan W H, Benner S A. Chem. Commun., 2008, 44(41): 5128-5130

13Qiao G M, Zhuo L H, Gao Y, Yu L J, Li N, Tang B. Chem. Commun., 2011, 47(26): 7458-7460

14Wu C S, Oo M K K, Cupps J M, Fan X D. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2011, 26(9): 3870-3875

15Li F, Huang Y, Yang Q, Zhong Z T, Li D, Wang L H, Song S P, Fan C H. Nanoscale, 2010, 2(6): 1021-1026

16Wu J K, Huang C H, Cheng G F, Zhang F, He P G, Fang Y Z. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11(1): 177-180

17Zhang P, Beck T, Tan W H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2001, 40(2): 402-405

18Buurma N J, Haq I. J. Mol. Biol., 2008, 381(3): 607-621

19Furse K E, Corcelli S A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130(39): 13103-13109

20Anuradha, Alam M S, Chaudhury N K. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2010, 58(11): 1447-1454

21Ojha H, Murari B M, Anand S, Hassan M I, Ahmad F, Chaudhury N K. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2009, 57(5): 481-486

22Kobayashi M, Takashi K B, Saito M, Kaji S, Oomura M, Iwabuchi S, Morita Y, Hasan Q, Tamiya E. Electrochem. Commun., 2004, 6(4): 323-343

23Zhou Y L, Mao S N, Li Y Z, Chang W B. Microchim. Acta, 2004, 144(1): 191-197

24James P L, Le S L, Ellervik U, Bratwall C, Norden B, Brown T, Fox K R. Biophys. Chem., 2004, 111(3): 205-212

AbstractA highly sensitive and selective method for specific DNA sequence detection is developed using a nonlabeled molecular beacon (MB) and a nucleic acid dye Hoechst 33258. It is demonstrated by a specific DNA sequence of wildtype HBV as a model system. In this strategy, the stem of MB is completely designed as C/G base pairs. In the absence of target DNA, the interaction between Hoechst 33258 and the MBs is very weak,and the fluorescence signals of Hoechst 33258 is very low. In the presence of target DNA, the MBs hybridize with the target DNA and form doublestranded structure. Hoechst 33258 binds to dsDNA, and the fluorescence intensity is significantly enhanced. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33258 exhibits good linear dependence on target DNA concentration in the range of 2×10

The proposed method has good precision, simple operation, fast detection speed, low detection limit, high accuracy and high sensitivity.

KeywordsNonlabeled molecular beacon; Hoechst 33258 nucleic acid dye; Singlestranded nucleic acid; Fluorescence

5Song S P, Liang Z Q, Zhang J, Wang L H, Li G X, Fan C H. Angew. Chem. Int. Et., 2009, 48(46): 8670-8674

6Nesterova I V, Erdem S S, Pakhomov S, Hammer R P, Soper S A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(7): 2432-2433

7Radi A E, Sanchez J L A, Baldrich E, O′Sullivan C K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128(1): 117-124

8ZHENG AiHua, ZHU Qing, XIANG DongShan, HE ZhiKe. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 41(3): 325-329

鄭愛華, 朱 慶, 向東山, 何治柯. 分析化學, 2013, 41(3): 325-329

9Haner R, Biner S M, Langenegger S M, Meng T, Malinovskii V L. Angew. Chem. Int. Et., 2010, 49(7): 1227-1230

10Tang Z W, Liu P, Ma C B, Yang X H, Wang K M, Tan W H, Lv X Y. Anal. Chem., 2011, 83(7): 2505-2510

11LIU Bin, YANG XiaoHai, WANG KeMin,TAN WeiHong. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2012, 32(3): 486-491

劉 斌, 羊小海, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓. 高等學?;瘜W學報, 2012, 32(3): 486-491

12Sheng P P, Yang Z Y, Kim Y M, Wu Y R, Tan W H, Benner S A. Chem. Commun., 2008, 44(41): 5128-5130

13Qiao G M, Zhuo L H, Gao Y, Yu L J, Li N, Tang B. Chem. Commun., 2011, 47(26): 7458-7460

14Wu C S, Oo M K K, Cupps J M, Fan X D. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2011, 26(9): 3870-3875

15Li F, Huang Y, Yang Q, Zhong Z T, Li D, Wang L H, Song S P, Fan C H. Nanoscale, 2010, 2(6): 1021-1026

16Wu J K, Huang C H, Cheng G F, Zhang F, He P G, Fang Y Z. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11(1): 177-180

17Zhang P, Beck T, Tan W H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2001, 40(2): 402-405

18Buurma N J, Haq I. J. Mol. Biol., 2008, 381(3): 607-621

19Furse K E, Corcelli S A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130(39): 13103-13109

20Anuradha, Alam M S, Chaudhury N K. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2010, 58(11): 1447-1454

21Ojha H, Murari B M, Anand S, Hassan M I, Ahmad F, Chaudhury N K. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2009, 57(5): 481-486

22Kobayashi M, Takashi K B, Saito M, Kaji S, Oomura M, Iwabuchi S, Morita Y, Hasan Q, Tamiya E. Electrochem. Commun., 2004, 6(4): 323-343

23Zhou Y L, Mao S N, Li Y Z, Chang W B. Microchim. Acta, 2004, 144(1): 191-197

24James P L, Le S L, Ellervik U, Bratwall C, Norden B, Brown T, Fox K R. Biophys. Chem., 2004, 111(3): 205-212

AbstractA highly sensitive and selective method for specific DNA sequence detection is developed using a nonlabeled molecular beacon (MB) and a nucleic acid dye Hoechst 33258. It is demonstrated by a specific DNA sequence of wildtype HBV as a model system. In this strategy, the stem of MB is completely designed as C/G base pairs. In the absence of target DNA, the interaction between Hoechst 33258 and the MBs is very weak,and the fluorescence signals of Hoechst 33258 is very low. In the presence of target DNA, the MBs hybridize with the target DNA and form doublestranded structure. Hoechst 33258 binds to dsDNA, and the fluorescence intensity is significantly enhanced. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33258 exhibits good linear dependence on target DNA concentration in the range of 2×10

The proposed method has good precision, simple operation, fast detection speed, low detection limit, high accuracy and high sensitivity.

KeywordsNonlabeled molecular beacon; Hoechst 33258 nucleic acid dye; Singlestranded nucleic acid; Fluorescence

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