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基于雙分子信標(biāo)對(duì)豬圓環(huán)病毒Ⅱ型的簡(jiǎn)單快速檢測(cè)

2014-09-02 09:31童春義等
分析化學(xué) 2014年8期

童春義等

摘要根據(jù)豬圓環(huán)病毒(PCV2)基因組為單鏈DNA的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了兩條可與PCV2基因組序列特異性雜交的分子信標(biāo),建立了基于雙分子信標(biāo)法檢測(cè)PCV2的方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,雙分子信標(biāo)法比單分子信標(biāo)法的靈敏度更高。在10 mmol/L MgCl2、20 mmol/L TrisHCl(pH=80)的雜交緩沖溶液,40 ℃孵育30 min的優(yōu)化檢測(cè)體系下,此方法可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)檢測(cè)樣本在2~200 nmol/L線性范圍內(nèi)的檢測(cè),檢出限可達(dá)1 nmol/L。將雙分子信標(biāo)檢測(cè)體系用于18例可疑豬瘟樣品病毒檢測(cè),其中8例呈PCV2陽(yáng)性,檢測(cè)結(jié)果與PCR法一致,證明此雙分子信標(biāo)法可用于實(shí)際豬感染PCV2的診斷。

關(guān)鍵詞分子信標(biāo); 豬圓環(huán)病毒Ⅱ型; 多聚酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng); 定性檢測(cè)

1引言

分子信標(biāo)(MB)是一種在目標(biāo)物不存在時(shí)可以形成莖環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的寡核苷酸探針,探針的5′端和3′端分別標(biāo)記熒光基團(tuán)和熒光熄滅基團(tuán),正常情況下,熒光基團(tuán)與熒光熄滅基團(tuán)靠近發(fā)生熒光共振能量轉(zhuǎn)移,導(dǎo)致探針熒光信號(hào)淬滅。當(dāng)溶液中含有能與分子信標(biāo)環(huán)部互補(bǔ)的靶序列時(shí),環(huán)部序列與靶分子的結(jié)合導(dǎo)致探針結(jié)構(gòu)破壞并恢復(fù)熒光\[1\],由于這種檢測(cè)法無(wú)需經(jīng)過(guò)分離多余探針的步驟,且不需要經(jīng)過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的PCR擴(kuò)增過(guò)程,不僅被廣泛用于復(fù)雜均相溶液中的單鏈DNA、mRNA和microRNA分子的快速、定量檢測(cè)\[2~6\],也為檢測(cè)鏈復(fù)雜體系中的單DNA病毒提供了一種可供選擇的新工具。

豬圓環(huán)病毒Ⅱ型(Porcine circovirus 2,PCV2)是一種呈球形或六角形,無(wú)包膜,大小為18~25 nm的ssDNA病毒,被認(rèn)為是引起斷奶仔豬多系統(tǒng)衰竭綜合癥的主要病原,該病毒感染畜禽后使畜禽的免疫組織細(xì)胞受損,導(dǎo)致機(jī)體免疫抑制,易并發(fā)或繼發(fā)其它病原感染,最終導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物死亡并造成重大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失\[7\]。因此,開展PCV2的快速、定量檢測(cè)對(duì)于畜禽感染診斷及治療具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。目前,傳統(tǒng)的圓環(huán)病毒檢測(cè)主要采用免疫組織化學(xué)法、核酸原位雜交檢測(cè)法\[8,9\]、血清學(xué)ELISA檢測(cè)法\[10\]、PCR檢測(cè)法、乳膠凝聚法\[11\]等,但這些方法均在一定程度上具有操作復(fù)雜、費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力等缺陷,而且在操作過(guò)程中使用的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)容易造成環(huán)境污染或出現(xiàn)假陽(yáng)性檢測(cè)結(jié)果。為了在一定程度上克服這些傳統(tǒng)方法所具有的缺陷,本研究利用PCV2基因組單鏈DNA可直接作為分子信標(biāo)檢測(cè)對(duì)象的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了兩條可單獨(dú)識(shí)別PCV2不同靶點(diǎn)的分子信標(biāo),在開展了PCV2 分子信標(biāo)性能考察和雜交條件優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步將其用于豬瘟病毒基因組中的PCV2的檢測(cè)。3結(jié)果與討論

31雙分子信標(biāo)法檢測(cè)PCV2原理

基于雙分子信標(biāo)(DMB)檢測(cè)PCV2的原理如圖1所示:該檢測(cè)體系由兩條可識(shí)別PCV2基因組不同靶點(diǎn)的分子信標(biāo)(MB1和MB2)、PCV2基因組DNA和雜交緩沖液組成。當(dāng)溶液中沒(méi)有PCV2 DNA存在時(shí),維持發(fā)夾結(jié)構(gòu)的分子信標(biāo)不產(chǎn)生熒光信號(hào),加入PCV2 基因組DNA 后,兩種分子信標(biāo)分別與PCV2特異性雜交形成雙鏈結(jié)構(gòu),破壞分子信標(biāo)發(fā)夾結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí)伴隨熒光信號(hào)升高,因此根據(jù)熒光信號(hào)變化就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)溶液中PCV2的快速檢測(cè)。由于與一種分子信標(biāo)的結(jié)合導(dǎo)致靶分子原有空間結(jié)構(gòu)受到破壞,轉(zhuǎn)變成為易與另一種分子信標(biāo)發(fā)生雜交的結(jié)構(gòu),從而產(chǎn)生協(xié)同效應(yīng)。如圖2所示,本實(shí)驗(yàn)將一段PCV2基因組特征片段(cDNA)與分子信標(biāo)單獨(dú)和同時(shí)作用后,測(cè)定熒光信號(hào)變化情況。結(jié)果表明,單信標(biāo)作用熒光信號(hào)分別增加25和30倍,而雙信標(biāo)作用熒光信號(hào)放大近80倍,達(dá)到/接近超猝滅分子信標(biāo)的信號(hào)放大能力,說(shuō)明雙信標(biāo)檢測(cè)法有助于提高靶分子檢測(cè)的靈敏度。

為了進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證雙分子信標(biāo)法檢測(cè)結(jié)果的可靠性,采用經(jīng)典的PCR技術(shù)對(duì)18例樣品中的PCV2進(jìn)行檢測(cè),從PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物電泳結(jié)果(圖6)發(fā)現(xiàn):有8例樣品出現(xiàn)明顯條帶,且大小與預(yù)期的PCV2產(chǎn)物大小相符(750 bp),說(shuō)明為陽(yáng)性樣品,有10例沒(méi)有特異條帶,為陰性樣品。比對(duì)PCR法和雙分子信標(biāo)法檢出結(jié)果,雙分子信標(biāo)法能夠檢出濃度、判斷為陽(yáng)性樣品的8例均出現(xiàn)明顯條帶,而判斷為陰性樣品的10例樣品亦未能檢出條帶,說(shuō)明雙分子信標(biāo)法測(cè)定結(jié)果可靠。同時(shí),雙分子信標(biāo)法測(cè)定8例陽(yáng)性樣品得出不同樣品間PCV2 DNA含量不同,最高的達(dá)到65 nmol/L,最小的為25 nmol/L,而對(duì)應(yīng)PCR電泳檢測(cè)條帶亮度不同,濃度大的條帶更亮,感染病毒的程度更嚴(yán)重。

4結(jié)論

根據(jù)豬圓環(huán)病毒基因組是單鏈的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了兩條可特異性識(shí)別PCV2基因序列的分子信標(biāo),構(gòu)建了雙分子信標(biāo)檢測(cè)體系。結(jié)果表明,構(gòu)建的雙分子信標(biāo)檢測(cè)體系可在2~200 nmol/L范圍內(nèi)對(duì)PCV2基因組進(jìn)行線性檢測(cè),最低檢測(cè)限可達(dá)1 nmol/L,可用于臨床復(fù)雜樣品中的PCV2準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè),表明這種操作簡(jiǎn)單、快速且成本低的新方法在PCV2的體外檢測(cè)中具有一定的應(yīng)用前景。

References

1Tyagi S, Kramer F R Nat Biotechnol, 1996, 14(3): 303-308

2Liu B, Wang K M, Xiao Z Q, Wang W, Tan W H, Sun Y, Tang H X, Yang X H Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(17): 2059-2064

3Jones R, Baker M B, Weber M, Harrison D G, Bao G, Searles C D Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2009, 296(3): C498-504

4Baker M B, Bao G, Searles C D Nucleic Acids Res, 2012, 40(2): e13

5LI Jun, WANG KeMin, TAN WeiHong, LIU Bin, GUO QiuPing,TANG ZhiWen, LIU LingFeng Chem J Chinese Universities, 2004, 25(3): 421-424

李 軍, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓, 劉 斌, 郭秋平, 唐志文, 劉凌風(fēng) 高等學(xué)?;瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 25(3): 421-424

6Yin B C, Liu Y Q, Ye B C J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134(11): 5064-5067

7LIU ZhengFei Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2002, 33(2): 14-16

劉正飛 動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2002, 33(2): 14-16

8McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Meehan B M, Foster J C, Clarke E G, Ellis J A, Haines D M, Adair B M, Allan G M J Virol Methods, 1999, 80(2): 123-128

9Harms P A, Sorden S D, Halbur P G, Bolin S R, Lager K M, Morozov I, Paul P S Vet Pathol, 2001, 38(5): 528-539

10Brunborg I M, Fossum C, Lium B, Blomqvist G, Merlot E, Jrgensen A, EliassonSelling L, Rimstad E, Jonassen CM, Wallgren P Acta Vet Scand, 2010, 52(1): 22

11ZHANG HuiMin, YANG Li, LI GuangLiang, WANG Lin, SEHNG ZongHai, HAN HeYou Chinese J Anal Chem, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116

張慧敏, 楊 利, 李廣良, 王 琳, 盛宗海, 韓鶴友 分析化學(xué), 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116

AbstractA doublemolecular beacons (DMB) based assay was developed for porcine circovirus 2(PCV2) detection Two singlestranded DNA molecular beacons which could specifically hybridize with PCV2 genome DNA respectively in different sequence were designed according to the characteristics of the PCV2 genome sequences The fluorescence signal was amplified 80 times by DMB, which was 2-4 times higher than that of single molecular beacon Under the optimal conditions of 10 mmol/L MgCl2, 20 mmol/L TrisHCl (pH=80), 40 ℃ and 30 min incubation time of DNA with DMB, the enlargement factor was increased linearly with DNA concentration over the range from 2 nmol/L to 200 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 1 nmol/L The method was applied to detect PCV2 in genome of 18 swine fever samples and 8 PCV2 positive cases were found, which were confirmed by PCR method

KeywordsMolecular beacons; Porcine circovirus 2; Polymerase chain reaction; Qualitative detection

5LI Jun, WANG KeMin, TAN WeiHong, LIU Bin, GUO QiuPing,TANG ZhiWen, LIU LingFeng Chem J Chinese Universities, 2004, 25(3): 421-424

李 軍, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓, 劉 斌, 郭秋平, 唐志文, 劉凌風(fēng) 高等學(xué)?;瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 25(3): 421-424

6Yin B C, Liu Y Q, Ye B C J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134(11): 5064-5067

7LIU ZhengFei Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2002, 33(2): 14-16

劉正飛 動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2002, 33(2): 14-16

8McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Meehan B M, Foster J C, Clarke E G, Ellis J A, Haines D M, Adair B M, Allan G M J Virol Methods, 1999, 80(2): 123-128

9Harms P A, Sorden S D, Halbur P G, Bolin S R, Lager K M, Morozov I, Paul P S Vet Pathol, 2001, 38(5): 528-539

10Brunborg I M, Fossum C, Lium B, Blomqvist G, Merlot E, Jrgensen A, EliassonSelling L, Rimstad E, Jonassen CM, Wallgren P Acta Vet Scand, 2010, 52(1): 22

11ZHANG HuiMin, YANG Li, LI GuangLiang, WANG Lin, SEHNG ZongHai, HAN HeYou Chinese J Anal Chem, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116

張慧敏, 楊 利, 李廣良, 王 琳, 盛宗海, 韓鶴友 分析化學(xué), 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116

AbstractA doublemolecular beacons (DMB) based assay was developed for porcine circovirus 2(PCV2) detection Two singlestranded DNA molecular beacons which could specifically hybridize with PCV2 genome DNA respectively in different sequence were designed according to the characteristics of the PCV2 genome sequences The fluorescence signal was amplified 80 times by DMB, which was 2-4 times higher than that of single molecular beacon Under the optimal conditions of 10 mmol/L MgCl2, 20 mmol/L TrisHCl (pH=80), 40 ℃ and 30 min incubation time of DNA with DMB, the enlargement factor was increased linearly with DNA concentration over the range from 2 nmol/L to 200 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 1 nmol/L The method was applied to detect PCV2 in genome of 18 swine fever samples and 8 PCV2 positive cases were found, which were confirmed by PCR method

KeywordsMolecular beacons; Porcine circovirus 2; Polymerase chain reaction; Qualitative detection

5LI Jun, WANG KeMin, TAN WeiHong, LIU Bin, GUO QiuPing,TANG ZhiWen, LIU LingFeng Chem J Chinese Universities, 2004, 25(3): 421-424

李 軍, 王柯敏, 譚蔚泓, 劉 斌, 郭秋平, 唐志文, 劉凌風(fēng) 高等學(xué)校化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 25(3): 421-424

6Yin B C, Liu Y Q, Ye B C J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134(11): 5064-5067

7LIU ZhengFei Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2002, 33(2): 14-16

劉正飛 動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2002, 33(2): 14-16

8McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Meehan B M, Foster J C, Clarke E G, Ellis J A, Haines D M, Adair B M, Allan G M J Virol Methods, 1999, 80(2): 123-128

9Harms P A, Sorden S D, Halbur P G, Bolin S R, Lager K M, Morozov I, Paul P S Vet Pathol, 2001, 38(5): 528-539

10Brunborg I M, Fossum C, Lium B, Blomqvist G, Merlot E, Jrgensen A, EliassonSelling L, Rimstad E, Jonassen CM, Wallgren P Acta Vet Scand, 2010, 52(1): 22

11ZHANG HuiMin, YANG Li, LI GuangLiang, WANG Lin, SEHNG ZongHai, HAN HeYou Chinese J Anal Chem, 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116

張慧敏, 楊 利, 李廣良, 王 琳, 盛宗海, 韓鶴友 分析化學(xué), 2011, 39(7): 1113-1116

AbstractA doublemolecular beacons (DMB) based assay was developed for porcine circovirus 2(PCV2) detection Two singlestranded DNA molecular beacons which could specifically hybridize with PCV2 genome DNA respectively in different sequence were designed according to the characteristics of the PCV2 genome sequences The fluorescence signal was amplified 80 times by DMB, which was 2-4 times higher than that of single molecular beacon Under the optimal conditions of 10 mmol/L MgCl2, 20 mmol/L TrisHCl (pH=80), 40 ℃ and 30 min incubation time of DNA with DMB, the enlargement factor was increased linearly with DNA concentration over the range from 2 nmol/L to 200 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 1 nmol/L The method was applied to detect PCV2 in genome of 18 swine fever samples and 8 PCV2 positive cases were found, which were confirmed by PCR method

KeywordsMolecular beacons; Porcine circovirus 2; Polymerase chain reaction; Qualitative detection