美國加州童格瓦公園與肯·詹瑟廣場

Tongva Park + Ken Genser Square, Santa Monica, USA

1 項目概述

美國加州圣塔莫尼卡市在其市中心迎來了兩個嶄新的公園：肯·詹瑟廣場，一個約4 856m2的場地，位于圣塔莫尼卡市政廳正前方；以及童格瓦公園，一個約25 091m2的場地，位于肯·詹瑟廣場對街出，幾乎占據(jù)了由緬因街（Main Street）、規(guī)劃中的奧林匹克快車道（Olympic Drive）、海洋大道（Ocean Avenue）以及I-10高速公路圍起的所有街區(qū)空間。

2 設計理念

童格瓦公園和肯·詹瑟廣場的設計成形于廣大的社區(qū)參與，創(chuàng)造了一個現(xiàn)代的、可持續(xù)的、以及改革性的都市景觀。這不僅重新定義了圣塔莫尼卡的市中心，同時為帕利薩德斯公園（Palisades Park）、圣塔莫尼卡碼頭（Santa Monica Pier）和圣塔莫尼卡市政中心（Santa Monica Civic Center）創(chuàng)造了新聯(lián)結(jié)。

童格瓦公園和肯·詹瑟廣場由詹姆斯·科納設計公司所設計，是圣塔莫尼卡市中心的璀璨明珠。詹姆士·科納如此描述這個工程，“它為圣塔莫尼卡市注入了新靈魂——一個具有社會、生態(tài)及象征意義的嶄新目的地與聚集地?！彼f，“我們塑造了一個矚目的山丘和洼地的地貌，納入大量本土植物以塑造一個壯觀的園藝花園。園中滿是精致大方的陳設，噴泉，玩樂元素以及活動區(qū)域。與圣塔莫尼卡市的人們在一起工作，共同建造這樣一個讓人倍覺清新爽快有活力的地方，這絕對是莫大的歡愉?！?/p>

受到加州南部海岸與溝壑的河谷景觀的啟發(fā)，設計師設計了一系列縱橫交錯的道路，從市政廳的臺階處向西延伸到海洋大道，彷如一張巨網(wǎng)將童格瓦公園網(wǎng)入圣塔莫尼卡市的建筑群中。時起時伏的地形增強了道路網(wǎng)的流暢性，將場地有機劃分成4個主題山頂區(qū)域，每個區(qū)域的具有不同的用途和體驗：

花園之丘由一系列的座位和親密展示花園所定義，展示了一個隨季節(jié)而變化的、本土的、以及適當調(diào)整過的加州南部植物畫板；探索之丘是孩子們玩樂的空間，這里可以提供豐富的探索活動，還有山丘滑梯，音

樂墻，玩樂設施，水元素，以及有趣而隱蔽的堡壘。

觀察之丘高達18ft（約5.5m），是觀察海洋與鄰近地區(qū)風景的最佳位置。這里還包含了瞭望臺，一座連接橋，以及位于山丘下方的公共衛(wèi)生間；

聚會之丘包含了一個大型多功能草坪，一個非正式的野餐區(qū)，以及臺地看臺，為人們聚會和放松提供了一個開放空間；

肯·詹瑟廣場為市民集會提供了新空間，并補充了市政廳地標建筑。

建筑特色包括一個質(zhì)地豐富的卵石材料石板，以及圣塔莫尼卡市獨有的綠化新建筑。

水元素有一條小河富有詩意地串聯(lián)起來。小河沿地勢緩緩流入海洋。水元素與小河的水量與體積隨著與海洋的距離拉近而不斷增加。

凹座被雕刻成嵌入童格瓦公園的山腰之中，以創(chuàng)造內(nèi)部型花園凹地，配上座位供游客靜思；或創(chuàng)造外部型花園凹地，配上自行車停放架與公共座位供小團體游客暫時停留。

貝殼狀瞭望臺位于公園最高的山丘上，以框住圣塔莫尼卡和海洋標志性的風景與遠景。

在公園的澤甜牧草叢處安置了一個由藝術家英尼格·曼格蘭諾-奧瓦樂制作的雕塑，名為氣象場1號。雕塑由一系列修長的不銹鋼管組成，每根鋼管上都配有風向計和風速計。作為一個完整統(tǒng)一的作品，新公園與廣場的所有元素共同為社區(qū)創(chuàng)造了一個全新的旅游勝地與象征中心。

3 種植設計

童格瓦公園與肯·詹瑟廣場的植物設計是詹姆斯·科納設計公司、綠力聯(lián)合公司以及佩里聯(lián)合公司共同合作的結(jié)晶。設計通過創(chuàng)新的手法將多種經(jīng)適當調(diào)整的本土植物進行組合，在圣塔莫尼卡的地中海氣候中營造了非凡的季節(jié)性變化景觀。

公園的4個區(qū)域都各有其專屬的特色、質(zhì)量與空間特征：

花園之丘以種類豐富、色彩繽紛的植物為特色，花期覆蓋全季節(jié)，植物葉子也隨季節(jié)變化而展現(xiàn)不同顏色。

探索之丘是公園內(nèi)樹木種植最多的地方，結(jié)合了本土橄欖樹、橡樹、松樹以及懸鈴木，以盡量多地制造樹蔭。

聚會之丘為公園營造了一個溫和的內(nèi)部環(huán)境。其中央草坪的特色植物是本土牧草、野花以及地中海鱗莖。

觀察之丘朝南處某些地方是公園內(nèi)場地條件最惡劣的，因而這些地方主要以耐旱肉質(zhì)植物為主，如蘆薈與龍舌蘭。

公園原有的樹木形成了新種植物的重要骨架。公園內(nèi)保留了一棵大型摩頓灣無花果樹，當?shù)鼐用裼H切地稱之為“小莫樹”，在其繁茂的樹冠下生長了一個小樹林。通過移植，公園將3棵大型熱帶榕聚集到一起，取名“三人行”，形成一個“無花樹林”，顯著地緩沖了高速公路的硬景觀。兩株原本位于市政廳門口兩側(cè)的松樹也被移植到了探索之丘的山頂，還有一些其他樹木和棕櫚樹也在

公園內(nèi)有了新的“安身之所”。

以下列表為部分新種的樹木、灌木、草本、多年生植物、肉質(zhì)植物、蘆薈、龍舌蘭以及鱗莖的植物名錄。不管在哪個季節(jié)，游客都能看到新的植物景觀。

樹木：

草莓樹（Arbutus marina）、加州本土

橄欖樹（Olea europea）、

栓皮櫟（Quercus suber）、

托里針葉松（Pinus torreyana）、加州

懸玲木（Platanus racemosa）、

加州月桂（Umbellularia californica）、加州本土。

草本：

格蘭馬草（Bouteloua gracilis）、加州本土

太平洋蘆葦草（Calamagrostis nutkaensis）、加州本土

加州沙丘莎草（Carex pansa）、加州本土

粉紅火烈鳥亂子草（Muhlenbergia `Pink Flamingo'）、加州本土

秋禾草（Sesleria autumnalis）。

肉質(zhì)植物+蘆薈+龍舌蘭：

扇形蘆薈（Aloe plicatillis）、

世紀龍舌蘭（Agave americana）、

匙花（Dasylirion wheeleri）、加州本土

上帝蠟燭（Hesperoyucca whipplei）、加州本土。

鱗莖/一年生植物：

孤挺花（Amaryllis belladonna）、

高代花（Clarkia amoena）、加州本土。

4 可持續(xù)性設計

童格瓦公園與肯·詹瑟廣場包含了一種新型城市景觀，既充滿活力、極具創(chuàng)造性，又富有自然特色、充分考慮資源。公園的可持續(xù)特征不僅可以通過生態(tài)、水、能源、材料來衡量，還可以通過其產(chǎn)生的社會活力來衡量：公園可以促進游客身體健康、增加幸福感。

4.1 生態(tài)

項目場地原本是一個平坦寬敞的停車場，經(jīng)改造，現(xiàn)已成為一系列地形變化豐富的草地與花園。場地最引人注目的地方是其對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復。項目的種植計劃豐富而極具雄心，包括超300棵精心挑選的新樹種，上千種新植物，以及上百種不同的經(jīng)合適調(diào)整的加州本土植物。因此，童格瓦公園與肯·詹瑟廣場是第一個使用加州本土植物作為重要園藝特色的大型現(xiàn)代城市項目之一。

除了植物之外，公園還從根本上模仿各種健康的本土環(huán)境，其互相連接的植物系統(tǒng)、水文系統(tǒng)、地形系統(tǒng)以及農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)共同發(fā)揮作用，為場地提供修復的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務。新型林木與改良土壤回應了場地的微氣候，并展示了豐富的物種可以很好地適應項目的不同地點。公園包含了一處橡樹與橄欖樹的混搭，一處美國梧桐的混搭以及托里針葉松的混搭。此外，新的無花果樹與棕櫚樹為場地上原有樹木增色不少。引人注目的園景樹通過鮮艷的色彩與精致的形狀在公園景觀中形成焦點，而數(shù)以百計的草本植物、鱗莖、野花、本土灌木、肉質(zhì)植物以及展覽園同時也回應了場地多變的微氣候，形成了多樣的、茂盛的、引人注目的下層植被。

4.2 水

植物、樹木與草皮區(qū)域的灌溉水來自附近的圣塔莫尼卡城市徑流回收廠（SMURRF）的污水回收設施。灌溉水與雨水通過自然的水運動收集于幾乎公園內(nèi)每個山丘下的生態(tài)濕地中。公園景觀與草皮區(qū)的灌溉以及水景等方面的總?cè)粘：乃疄槌鞘衅骄揭韵?。水景使用的是食用水與封閉循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的生物過濾水，其水消耗僅僅是通過蒸發(fā)而已。嬉水區(qū)使用的食用水通將排放到儲水區(qū)，經(jīng)處理后在需要時供海洋館的水景使用。

4.3 能量

照明是公園及廣場的首要耗電源。通過

LED燈的使用以及其他節(jié)能裝置與技術，公園的能源需求一直保持到最低的限度。

4.4 材料

公園與廣場所使用的材料包括經(jīng)可持續(xù)種植的非熱帶硬木，本土聚成巖與石頭，含有回收內(nèi)容的產(chǎn)品，低揮發(fā)性有機化合物油漆，密封劑，粘合劑以及豆基抗涂鴉涂層。

4.5 人體健康

項目除了物理設施方面比較完善外，起社會可持續(xù)性質(zhì)量也十分高。公園與廣場包含了豐富的社會空間與寧靜的沉思空間，通過一系列散步道和環(huán)形路自行車停放區(qū)以及適合全年齡段、各種人群的豐富游樂空間，促進人體健康。

5 水景觀

童格瓦公園肯·詹瑟廣場共有3處水景觀，每一個水景觀都細心地融合到場地的地形中，并與公園的歷史景觀“河谷海灘（arroyo wash）”有著緊密的聯(lián)系。3處水景觀都由同一條小河連接，拓展了其本身的尺度，水的活動程度，并充分利用了生物滲透系統(tǒng)以及封閉的食用水系統(tǒng)。

5.1 溫泉

位于市政廳前方的矩形花園經(jīng)過改造，現(xiàn)已成為個富有生機的水元素設施——一個莊嚴的人造層疊瀑布，流水從低處的泡泡溫泉噴涌而上，流下到瀑布的水托盤中，然后延伸至上方的種滿植物的水花園之中。每個水托盤都反映著市政廳的中央大窗戶，呼應了市政廳的建筑風格。水流統(tǒng)一朝西，流向緬因街和童格瓦公園。該水元素設施的向日照傾斜設計——加上其盛多的、精致的、發(fā)聲溫泉與瀑布——為圣塔莫尼卡獨特的形象創(chuàng)造了一個尺度精心計算的、體驗魅力超凡的象征。

5.2 水灣

童格瓦公園中心路徑沿路包含了一個挖掘水灣，是一個雄偉的對稱瀑布的骨架。閃耀的瀑布上方由水灣灣脊以及周邊植物形成框景，而下方則由噴泉的水花園迎賓池形成框景。迎賓池前方有一系列分散的大型卵石，營造了一個宜目的屏障，同時提供了臨時座位，強調(diào)了輕松休閑的元素，并呼應了——連同瀑布——場地的“河谷海灘”的主題。

5.3 海洋通道水景觀

公園的主入口位于海洋大道，由漫長動感的水景觀所定義。噴泉包含了一個曲線白水臺階以及一排階梯式的倒影池，倒影池上設置了低矮的西朝拱形噴泉，顯得生機勃勃。拱形噴泉隨一定節(jié)奏噴射，使人聯(lián)想起大海的浪花。由于噴泉的整體是西朝向，因而能夠反射日落的余暉，閃閃發(fā)亮。而噴泉的水生則能夠緩沖海洋大道上交通的噪音。

在晚上，每一個水景觀都得益于LED燈的襯托，增強了水流的視覺效果，并將水紋透過燈光投影到周圍的空間當中。

6 燈光設計

入夜時，雕塑般的外形以及童格瓦公園與肯·詹瑟廣場上交織的道路在輕柔溫馨的燈光下迎接游客，回應了項目的三維性。層層疊疊的燈光就像“河谷海灘”中的層層浪花，溫柔地籠罩著場地，并展示為一種指向山頂?shù)闹敢Ｓ捎陧椖渴肿⒅匕踩c環(huán)境敏感性，因而設計師在公園及廣場上大量使用了高節(jié)能LED燈以及高強度放電燈具，并用燈罩保護起來。

項目的主要道路有一個簡潔的街燈柱，既增強了游客的體驗，又不阻礙游客觀看風景。為了節(jié)約能源，項目專門配備了一個綜合智控系統(tǒng)，在閉園時關閉不必要的照明。

花園之丘上配置了發(fā)光燈柱，閃爍著漫反射燈光，增強了場地的氛圍，為周圍的季節(jié)性植物增添了一分色彩。座位下的照明為座位帶來了一種親密的效果，游客可以在上一邊休息一邊觀賞精致燈光效果下的園景樹。

探索之丘使用了與主道路一樣風格的街燈柱，但體積更小，為道路和玩樂區(qū)提供照明。

觀察之丘只使用了級別較低的照明，以保持自然風景的原貌，防止造成燈光刺眼。山頂上的燈光樹林提供了休息與沉思的空間，游客公園內(nèi)可以看到這片樹林。瞭望臺裝上了小型嵌入式的彩色向上照明燈，營造了夜空繁星的效果，成為公園的標志性元素。

聚會之丘的大型草坪與座位露臺由座位后面的強光燈從上而下照亮，提供了靈活的開放空間，供社區(qū)活動及小型演出使用。

在肯·詹瑟廣場的樹林小道與噴泉經(jīng)過精心的燈光設計，在朝市政廳方向框起了絕佳的景色。經(jīng)翻新的市政廳正面，燈光突出了其歷史結(jié)構，形成了一個視覺焦點，以增強了廣場夜晚的莊嚴特征。

項目位置：童格瓦公園：美國加州圣塔莫尼卡市海洋大道1615號，90401；肯·詹瑟廣場：美國加州圣塔莫尼卡市緬因大道1685號，90401。

工程造價：設計項目的總預算，包括兩個公園，新建的人行道，街道與其他公共空間的升級，為4 230萬美元，約人民幣2.64億元。

場地準備：項目的場地準備由美國園藝公司承包。森納林業(yè)公司負責大量成年大樹的移植，其中包括3棵巨榕樹，每棵重達100多噸。

業(yè)主：圣塔莫尼卡市

設計主導/風景園林師：詹姆斯·科納設計公司

承包方：W.E.奧尼爾工程公司

建筑：弗雷德里克·費舍爾建筑工作室

藝術家：伊尼戈·孟格拉諾-奧瓦列

結(jié)構與MEP工程：布諾·哈普德

土木工程：菲斯科工程公司

照明：HLB

水元素設計：水元素設計顧問公司

巖土工程：康佛斯巖土工程顧問公司

城市土壤：華萊士實驗室

園藝設計：綠力聯(lián)合公司, 佩里聯(lián)合公司

灌溉：d.d.帕甘諾灌溉有限公司

圖片來源：詹姆斯·科納設計公司，安吉·史密斯，蒂姆·斯推特-波特

翻譯：鄺嘉儒

1 Project Statement

Santa Monica welcomes two new parks to its Civic Center: Ken Genser Square, a 1.2-acre site directly in front of Santa Monica City Hall on Main Street, and Tongva Park, a 6.2-acre site across the street from Ken Genser Square occupying most of the block bounded by Main Street, the future Olympic Drive, Ocean Avenue and the I-10 Freeway.

2 Design Vision

Shaped by extensive community participation, the design of Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square creates a contemporary, sustainable, and transformative urban landscape that redefnes the center of Santa Monica and makes new connections between Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, and Santa Monica Civic Center.

Designed by James Corner Field Operations, best known for its design of New York's High Line, the park and square are a centerpiece for Santa Monica's Civic Center. James Corner describes the project as "creating a new heart for Santa Monica—a new destination and gathering place of great social, ecological, and symbolic value." He says, "We have sculpted a dramatic topography of hills and hollows and incorporated a very large number of native plant species to create a spectacular horticultural garden, replete with generous furnishing, water fountains, play elements, and activity areas. It has been an absolute pleasure to work with the people of Santa Monica to create a place together that feels so fresh and dynamic."

Inspired by the Southern California arroyo landscape of washes and ravines that once defned the site, a series of braided pathways appear to organically emerge from the footsteps of City Hall, extend west to Ocean Avenue, and weave the park into the fabric of the City. Dramatic rising and falling topography reinforces the fluid pathway system and organizes the site into four thematic hilltop areas, each calibrated to a different primary use and experience:

Garden Hill is defned by a series of seating alcoves and intimate display gardens that showcase a seasonally dynamic, native, and appropriately adapted Southern California plant palette;

Discovery Hill is a play space for children, offering a range of discovery experiences and settings with hill slides, a music wall, play elements, water feature, and forts embedded into a lush and shaded landscape;

Observation Hill reaches a height of 18 feet, offers the best views of the ocean and neighboring vicinity, and includes overlooks, a bridge, and public restroom tucked under the hill;

Gathering Hill provides open space for congregation and relaxation including a large multipurpose lawn, seating terraces, and an informal picnic area;

Ken Genser Square provides new space for civic gathering and complements the City Hall landmark building.

Architectural features, a texturally rich material palette of boulders and pebbles, and lushly planted exciting new identity that is unique to Santa Monica.

Water elements are poetically linked by a single runnel that flows downhill to the ocean. Their volume and presence increases the closer they are to the ocean.

Alcoves are carved into Tongva Park's hillsides to create interior garden bays with seating for contemplation or exterior bays with bike racks and social seating for community comings and goings.

Shell-like overlooks are perched on top of the tallest of the park's hills to frame iconic views and vistas of Santa Monica and the ocean.

A sculpture, Weather Field No. 1, by artist I?igoManglano-Ovalle with its grid of tall stainless poles with weather vanes and anemometers is located on a berm of meadow grasses. As a complete and unifed composition, all of the varied elements of the new park and square create a new destination and symbolic heart for the community.

3 Planting Design

The planting design for Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square was completed through collaboration between the offices of James Corner Field Operations, Perry Associates, and John Greenlee. It presents an innovative and diverse mix of native and appropriately adapted plants that provide remarkable seasonal variety in Santa Monica's Mediterranean climate.

Four distinct areas within the park each have

unique features, qualities, and spatial characteristics:

Garden Hill features diverse and colorful plants with a seasonally changing palette of blooms and foliage.

Discovery Hill hosts more trees than any other part of the park. It combines native olives, oaks, pines, and sycamores for maximum shade.

Gathering Hill creates a gentle interior for the park. Its central meadow features native grasses, wild fowers, and Mediterranean bulbs.

Observation Hill which faces south to some of the toughest site conditions within the park features drought-tolerant succulents such as aloes, and agaves.

Existing trees form an important backbone for new plant material. "Morty," a large Moreton Bay Fig tree, fondly named by Santa Monica residents has been preserved in place and hosts a picnic grove near its impressive canopy. "The Three Amigos,"three large caliper Ficus trees, have been successfully relocated close by to create a "Fig Grove" that dramatically buffers the freeway. Two Junipers that once fanked the entry to City Hall have also found a special place on top of Discovery Hill and numerous other trees and palms have found homes within the park.

A few of the newly planted trees, shrubs, grasses, perennials, succulents, aloes, agaves, and bulbs are listed below. Visitors throughout the year will always see something new.

Trees :

Arbutus marina, Strawberry Tree, CA native

Olea europea, Olive Tree

Quercus suber, Cork Oak

Pinus torreyana, Torrey pine; CA native

Platanus racemosa, Western Sycamore; CA native

Umbellularia californica, California Bay; CA native

Grasses:

Bouteloua gracilis, Blue Grama Grass; CA native

Calamagrostis nutkaensis, Pacifc Reedgrass; CA native

Carex pansa, California Dune Sedge; CA native

Muhlenbergia ‘Pink Flamingo,' Pink Flamingo Muhly Grass; CA native

Sesleria autumnalis, Autumn moor grass

Succulents + Aloes + Agaves:

Aloe plicatillis, Fan Aloe

Agave americana, Century Plant

Dasylirion wheeleri, Desert Spoon, CA native

Hesperoyucca whipplei, Our Lord’s Candle, CA native

Bulbs / Annuals:

Amaryllis belladonna, Naked Lady

Clarkia amoena, Farewell to Spring; CA native

4 Sustainability

Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square embody a new type of urban landscape that is active, innovative, resource-conscious, and natural. The sustainability of the parks can be measured not only in terms of ecology, water, energy, and materials; but also in terms of social vibrancy as places that promote the health and wellbeing of the people who experience them.

4.1 Ecology

Transformed from a flat parking lot into a series of topographically dynamic meadows and gardens, the most dramatic aspect of the site has been the restoration of its ecosystem. Over three hundred carefully selected new trees, thousands of new plants, and hundreds of different California native and appropriately adapted species are part of the project’s abundant and ambitious planting scheme. Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square are one of the frst large scale contemporary urban projects to highlight California native plants as signifcant horticultural features.

Beyond just plants, the parks have been fundamentally modeled on healthy, native environments whose interconnected botanical, hydrologic, topographic, and agronomic systems work to provide restored ecosystem services to the site. New forest types and amended soils respond to micro-climates and showcase a diversity of species well-suited to different parts of the project. They include an Oak and Olive mix, a Western Sycamore mix and a Torrey Pine mix. In addition, new Figs and Palms strengthen the presence of these existing trees on site. Dramatic specimen trees punctuate the landscape by providing color and horticultural interest while hundreds of grasses, bulbs wildfowers, native shrubs, succulents and display gardens also respond to the sites varied microclimates to produce a diverse, lush, and striking understory.

4.2 Water

Plant, tree, and turf areas are irrigated using water from the nearby Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) water reclamation facility. Irrigated water and stormwater are maintained on site through the natural movement of water into bioswales at the base of almost every hill in the park. Daily water consumption for the irrigated park landscape and turf areas and the water features is less than the City average. Water features use potable water and biological fltration within closed recirculating systems which only consume

water through evaporation. The water play area uses potable water which drains into a water reserve where it is treated for use, as needed, in the Ocean Avenue water feature.

4.3 Energy

Park lighting is the primary energy consumer within the park and square. Energy demands have been kept to an extreme minimum with LED and other effcient fxtures and technologies.

4.4 Materials

Materials for the Park and Square consist of non-tropical hardwoods that have been sustainably forested, local aggregates and stone, numerous products with recycled content, low VOC paints, sealants, and adhesives and soy-based anti-graffti coatings.

4.5 Human Health

Apart from the physical aspects of the site, the social sustainability of the project is uniquely high. The Park and Square provides a range of social spaces, quiet contemplative spaces, and promotes human health through a series of walking trails and loops, bike parking areas, and inclusive play spaces for all ages and abilities.

5 Water Features

Each of the three water features within Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square share a strong connection to the site's historic "arroyo wash" landscape and are carefully integrated into park topography. Connected by a single runnel, the features expand in scale, activity level, and sound as they fow downhill toward the ocean. The features also reinforce sustainability by making use of biological fltration and closed, potable water systems.

5.1 The Springs

The rectangular garden in front of City Hall has been transformed into a vibrant water installation, a stately cascade of overfowing trays containing mildly swirling fows from low, bubbling springs suspended above lushly planted water gardens. Responding to the architecture of the building, the gridded water trays refect City Hall’s central windows.All the trays fow westward toward Main Street and Tongva Park. The design's tilt toward the sunlight—and its numerous points of delicate, sound-generating springs and falls—provide a carefully scaled, charismatic experience refective of Santa Monica's special identity.

5.2 Water Bay

A scooped out bay along the central path of Tongva Park is the backdrop of a grandly proportioned waterfall sequence. The sparkling falls are framed above by the crest of the bay and its surrounding plantings, and below by the fountain's water garden reception pool. A scattering of large boulders in front of the garden pool provide a visually delightful barrier, offer casual seating, emphasize a relaxed informality, and suggest-with the falls-the site's geological "arroyo wash" theme.

5.3 Ocean Gateway Water Feature

The primary entrance into the park at Ocean Avenue is defned by the presence of a lengthy and dynamic water feature. The fountain is comprised of a curvilinear band of white-water steps and a line of terraced refection pools animated by low, arching jets aimed to the west. The arching jets fex in rhythmic patterns reminiscent of the ocean's waves, while the entire fountain's form is oriented to engage and refect the setting sun's glow. The sound of water mitigates the sound of traff c along Ocean Avenue.

At night each water feature is internally illuminated by warm-white LEDs that enhance the flow of water and cast light onto their surrounding spaces.

6 Lighting Design

As dusk turns to night the sculptural forms and woven pathways of Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square welcome visitors in a soft, warm light that responds to the three-dimensionality of the site. Layers of light, much like stratifcation in an "arroyo wash," rest lightly upon the site and are revealed as one ascends to the hilltops. Because safety and environmental sensitivity are important considerations, shielded highly-effcient LED and HID luminaires have been placed throughout the Park and Square.

The primary pathways have a simple light pole that frames the visitor’s experience without competing with views. An integrated control system will turn off non-essential lighting after closing hours, conserving energy.

Garden Hill provides diffuse lighting from glowing bollards that enhance the presentation and experience of the surrounding seasonal planting. Under-bench lighting creates intimate moments at the seating alcoves where pedestrians can rest and enjoy the subtly illuminated specimen trees.

Discovery Hill uses smaller versions of the primary pathway pole for continuous lighting along the paths and play areas.

Observation Hill uses only low-level lighting to preserve natural views and prevent glare downward. A large illuminated tree grove at the top of the hill provides a comfortable place for respite and refection and is visible beyond the park. The overlook decks feature small embedded colored uplights in a starry-night-like pattern, providing a signature element for the park.

Gathering Hill's large lawn and seating terraces are lit from accent lights on tall poles located behind the seating in order to provide a fexible open space conducive to communal activities and small performances.

At Ken Genser Square allées of trees and the fountain are subtly lit and frame the view towards City Hall. The renovated City Hall facade lighting highlights the historic structure, creating a focal point to enhance the nighttime civic character of the Square.

Location:Ken Genser Square, 1685 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401 Tongva Park, 1615 Ocean Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90401

Construction Cost: The total budget for design and construction of the two parks, new sidewalks, and street and other public space improvements is $42.3 million.

Site Preparation:The site was prepared by American Landscape (americanlandscape.com). Senna Tree Company (sennatree. com) relocated a number of mature trees including three gigantic Ficusrubiginosa trees each weighing over 100 tons. A video can be seen here: smciviccenterparks.com.

Owner: City of Santa Monica

Design Lead / Landscape Architect: James Corner Field OperationContractor: W.E. O’Neil Construction Co. of CA

Architecture: Frederick Fisher & Partners

Artist: I?igoManglano-Ovalle

Structural & MEP Engineering: BuroHappold

Civil Engineering: Fuscoe Engineering

Lighting: HLB

Water Feature Design: Fluidity Design Consultants

Geotechnical: Converse Consultants

Urban Soils: Wallace Labs

Horticulture: Greenlee & Associates, Perry & Associates

Irrigation: d.d. Pagano, Inc.

Photo credit: James Corner Field Operations, Angie Smith, Tim Street-Porter

Translation:KUANG Jia-ru