許武軍 陳 仙△ 羅志剛 汪 翼 羅紅梅 張 濤 劉 俊
H2S對尿源性膿毒血癥腎損傷的影響
許武軍1陳 仙1△羅志剛1汪 翼1羅紅梅2張 濤1劉 俊1
目的 探討H2S對尿源性膿毒血癥腎損傷的影響及其機(jī)制。方法將30只大白兔隨機(jī)均分為Control組、Sham組、Sepsis組、NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組。建立上尿路急性梗阻并感染膿毒血癥動物模型。于術(shù)前、術(shù)后24 h、48 h、72 h采血行外周血檢測白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)。術(shù)后72 h光學(xué)顯微鏡及透射電子顯微鏡觀察腎組織形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)變化;應(yīng)用免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測腎組織腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-10和核因子(NF)-κB蛋白表達(dá);去蛋白法測定血漿H2S濃度,亞甲基藍(lán)分光光度計(jì)法測腎組織胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE)的活性。結(jié)果術(shù)后24 h、48 h、72 h,Sepsis組WBC、Cr、BUN均高于其他4組,NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組WBC、BUN低于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組;血Cr術(shù)后24 h、48 h NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組與NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,術(shù)后72 h低于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組。靜脈注射NaHS后腎病理形態(tài)損害減輕。NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組TNF-α、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)均低于Sepsis組,IL-10蛋白表達(dá)高于Sepsis組。NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組TNF-α、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)低于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組,IL-10蛋白表達(dá)高于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組。Sepsis組較Control組和Sham 組H2S濃度降低,腎組織CSE表達(dá)減弱。經(jīng)靜脈注射NaHS后H2S濃度升高,CSE活性無明顯變化。結(jié)論內(nèi)源性H2S通過抑制NF-κB的表達(dá),下調(diào)TNF-α,上調(diào)IL-10,減輕尿源性膿毒血癥腎損傷。
硫化氫;NF-κB;腫瘤壞死因子α;白細(xì)胞介素10;胱硫醚γ裂合酶;腎損傷;尿源性膿毒血癥
尿源性膿毒血癥(urine-derived toxinemia,Urosepsis)中腎臟是最容易受損的重要臟器之一[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)NaHS(H2S的供體)可抑制脂多糖對血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng)[2],H2S可對抗膿毒血癥誘發(fā)的急性肺損傷及其炎癥反應(yīng)[3]。核因子(NF)-κB在膿毒血癥器官衰竭中發(fā)揮重要的作用[4],其參與多種與感染性免疫應(yīng)答相關(guān)的基因調(diào)節(jié)。H2S可抑制NF-κB信號通路[5],對NF-κB的表達(dá)與活性具有重要的調(diào)控作用[6]。H2S能否通過抑制NF-κB的表達(dá),減輕尿源性膿毒血癥腎損傷目前尚少見報(bào)道。本研究通過模擬上尿路急性梗阻注入大腸桿菌建立兔上尿路感染致膿毒血癥模型,觀察H2S對尿源性膿毒血癥所致腎損害的作用及對腎組織NF-κB表達(dá)的影響,以揭示H2S抗尿源性膿毒血癥腎損害作用的機(jī)制。
1.1 動物及試劑 雄性新西蘭大白兔30只,體質(zhì)量1.80~2.20 kg(購自南華大學(xué)動物學(xué)部),實(shí)驗(yàn)中以顆粒飼料及自來水喂養(yǎng),嚴(yán)格遵行南華大學(xué)《動物實(shí)驗(yàn)倫理準(zhǔn)則》。大腸桿菌(ATCC 25922)由南華大學(xué)附二醫(yī)院微生物室提供;NaHS (Sigma公司);腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α抗體、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-10抗體、NF-κB抗體(北京博奧森公司);兔SP-HRP試劑盒與DAB顯色試劑盒(北京康為世紀(jì)生物科技有限公司)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 尿源性膿毒血癥動物模型的建立 將30只大白兔按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為Control組、Sham組、Sepsis組、NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組5組,每組6只。Control組以正常顆粒飼料及自來水喂養(yǎng),不做任何處理。Sham組兔稱體質(zhì)量后用10%水合氯醛(3 mL/kg)腹腔注射,麻醉滿意后,取左下腹腹直肌旁切口,打開腹腔,分離左輸尿管中段,腸管復(fù)位后關(guān)閉切口。Sepsis組分離并結(jié)扎左輸尿管中段,將0.5 mL/kg、108/mL濃度大腸桿菌懸液(ATCC 25922)注入輸尿管管腔內(nèi)。NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組及NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組實(shí)驗(yàn)操作同Sepsis組,術(shù)后分別經(jīng)耳緣靜脈注射濃度為50 mmol/L的NaHS溶液2.8 μmol/kg及8.4 μmol/kg,術(shù)后正常顆粒飼料及自來水喂養(yǎng)。術(shù)后72 h處死兔子,取左側(cè)腎臟。
1.2.2 血常規(guī)、腎功能的檢測 于術(shù)前、術(shù)后24 h、術(shù)后48 h、術(shù)后72 h采血行血白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)分析;取靜脈血5 mL離心(3 000 r/min,10 min)取上清液,用AU800全自動生化儀(奧林巴斯)檢測血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)。
1.2.3 腎組織HE染色 術(shù)后72 h取適量腎組織以10%福爾馬林固定、包埋,制作好病理切片。將石蠟切片脫蠟去水、蘇木素染色、分化和藍(lán)化、伊紅染色、洗滌、脫水、透明,封片。光鏡下觀察并攝片。
1.2.4 腎組織透射電子顯微鏡觀察病理變化 術(shù)后72 h將腎組織固定、漂洗、脫水、浸泡、烘烤、包埋、修塊、半薄切片定位、超薄切片(厚約50 nm)、雙重染色、電鏡(日立Hitachi-7500)下觀察并拍照。
1.2.5 免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測腎臟組織中TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB蛋白的表達(dá) 石蠟切片常規(guī)脫蠟、水化;抗原修復(fù),3%過氧化氫清除內(nèi)源性過氧化物酶活性,加正常血清工作液,室溫孵育,加一抗(1∶300稀釋),4℃孵育過夜,PBS淋洗后加生物素標(biāo)記羊抗兔二抗,室溫孵育,PBS充分淋??;加HRP標(biāo)記的鏈霉親和素,室溫孵育,PBS漂洗;加顯色工作液顯色(DAB);蘇木精復(fù)染,脫水,二甲苯透明,封片。
1.2.6 去蛋白法測定血漿中H2S濃度 術(shù)后72 h,取血清樣品0.1 mL,依次加入1%乙酸鋅0.5 mL、20 mmol/L N,N-二甲基-對苯二胺硫酸鹽0.5 mL(溶于7.2 mol/L鹽酸)、30 mmol/L FeCl30.4 mL(溶于1.2 mol/L鹽酸)混勻,室溫靜置20 min。加入10%三氯醋酸1 mL使蛋白沉淀,加蒸餾水2.5 mL,4 000 r/min離心,測定上清液在670 nm波長的吸光度,以硫化鈉制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算血清H2S水平(μmol/L)。
1.2.7 腎組織胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE)活性測定 術(shù)后72 h取左腎組織在4℃的磷酸鉀緩沖液(50 mmol/L,pH 6.8)中將腎組織研磨成10%(質(zhì)量濃度,W/V)勻漿,低溫離心,取上清液。加入反應(yīng)液5-磷酸吡哆醛/磷酸鉀緩沖液(0.5%,pH 7.4,100 mmol/L)、0.5 mol/L L-半胱氨酸,移至反應(yīng)瓶,反應(yīng)瓶中央的吸收孔中加入0.5 mL 1%乙酸鋅+濾紙,錐形瓶用氮?dú)獬溆饪冢?7℃水浴振蕩孵育,加入0.5 mL 50%三氯醋酸,37℃孵育,終止反應(yīng),反應(yīng)瓶中央孔的液體加入3.5 mL雙蒸水、0.5 mL 20 mmol/L N,N-二甲基-對苯二胺硫酸鹽(溶于7.2 mol/L鹽酸)、0.4 mL 30 mmol/L FeCl3(溶于1.2 mol/L鹽酸),靜置20 min,離心5 min后測670 nm波長的吸光度,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,計(jì)算標(biāo)本中H2S的含量,以每毫克腎組織在1 min內(nèi)所生成H2S的量表示CSE活性(單位:nmol·min-1·mg-1)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,多組間不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較采用重復(fù)測量設(shè)計(jì)的方差分析;多組間均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 NaHS對尿源性膿毒血癥兔WBC的影響 成功建立尿源性膿毒血癥兔動物模型,Sepsis組直腸溫度、呼吸頻率、心率明顯升高,觀察時(shí)間內(nèi)無動物死亡。(1)組內(nèi)比較。除Control組和Sham組不同時(shí)點(diǎn)WBC差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,Sepsis組術(shù)后WBC呈升高趨勢;NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組WBC均于術(shù)后24 h和48 h時(shí)升高,術(shù)后72 h時(shí)降低。(2)組間比較。術(shù)前各組間差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;術(shù)后24 h Sham組WBC高于Control組,術(shù)后48 h、72 h Sham組與Control組WBC差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;術(shù)后24 h、48 h、72 h,Sepsis組WBC均高于其他4組,NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組均高于Sham組和Control組,NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組均低于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組。見表1。
Tab.1 Changes of WBC between rabbit groups表1 各組大白兔WBC變化 (n=6,×109/L,±s)
Tab.1 Changes of WBC between rabbit groups表1 各組大白兔WBC變化 (n=6,×109/L,±s)
**P<0.01;同一時(shí)點(diǎn),a與(1)比較,b與(2)比較,c與(3)比較,d與(4)比較,P<0.05;表2~4同;F時(shí)間=1 390.031,F(xiàn)組間=963.177,F(xiàn)交互=249.412,均P<0.01;
組別Control組(1) Sham組(2) Sepsis組(3) NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組(4) NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組(5) F術(shù)前10.19±0.03 10.19±0.04 10.17±0.05 10.17±0.04 10.17±0.04 0.318術(shù)后24 h 10.16±0.02 10.67±0.52a17.56±0.47ab15.54±0.34abc14.84±0.44abcd387.276**術(shù)后48 h 10.46±0.51 10.22±0.04 18.17±0.29ab16.75±0.46abc15.36±0.33abcd597.220**術(shù)后72 h 10.46±0.45 10.15±0.02 19.31±0.51ab15.66±0.40abc15.13±0.07abcd716.584**F 1.596 5.189 1 185.970**642.126**589.725**
2.2 NaHS對膿毒血癥腎功能的影響 (1)組內(nèi)比較。除Control組和Sham組不同時(shí)點(diǎn)Cr、BUN差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,Sepsis組、NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組術(shù)后Cr、BUN均呈升高趨勢。(2)組間比較。術(shù)前各組間Cr、BUN差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;術(shù)后24 h、48 h、72 h,Sham組與Control組Cr、BUN差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,Sepsis組Cr、BUN均高于其他4組,NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組Cr、BUN均高于Sham組和Control組,NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組BUN均低于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組;術(shù)后24 h、48 h NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組Cr與NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,術(shù)后72 h Cr低于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組。見表2、3。
2.3 NaHS對尿源性膿毒血癥腎組織病理特征的影響 光鏡下觀察,Control組和Sham組腎組織形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)正常,無充血水腫及炎細(xì)胞浸潤。Sepsis組腎小球變形、腎小囊擴(kuò)張,腎小管上皮細(xì)胞腫脹、壞死脫落,腎小管管腔變大,充滿中性粒細(xì)胞,腎間質(zhì)充血、水腫,大量炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤;NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組、NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組較Sepsis組上述變化有所減輕,見圖1A。電鏡下觀察,Control組、Sham組組織結(jié)構(gòu)未見明顯異常;Sepsis組腎間質(zhì)水腫,腎小管上皮廣泛萎縮,間質(zhì)纖維細(xì)胞增生,腎小管上皮內(nèi)線粒體水腫,排列紊亂,數(shù)量減少,部分上皮塌陷,管腔狹窄,刷狀緣消失。腎小球足突細(xì)胞局灶性融合。系膜細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增生。NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組、NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組較Sepsis組上述變化明顯減輕,見圖1B。
2.4 NaHS對尿源性膿毒血癥兔腎組織IL-10、TNF-α、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)的影響 TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB蛋白在5組兔腎組織中均呈微弱表達(dá)。Sham 組TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)水平與Control組差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。Sepsis組、NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)水平均高于Control組和Sham組。NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組TNF-α、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)水平均低于Sepsis組,IL-10蛋白表達(dá)水平均高于Sepsis組。NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組TNF-α、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)水平均低于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組,IL-10蛋白表達(dá)水平均高于NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組(均P<0.05)。見圖2、表4。
Tab.2 Changes of Cr between rabbit groups表2 各組大白兔Cr變化 (n=6,μmol/L,±s)
Tab.2 Changes of Cr between rabbit groups表2 各組大白兔Cr變化 (n=6,μmol/L,±s)
F時(shí)間=500.136,F(xiàn)組間=134.123,F(xiàn)交互=103.296,均P<0.01
組別Control組(1) Sham組(2) Sepsis組(3) NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組(4) NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組(5) F術(shù)前88.22±5.52 87.92±5.81 88.13±5.97 88.63±5.68 88.62±5.00 0.190術(shù)后24 h 87.58±6.33 88.32±5.46 113.70±5.97ab103.43±5.92abc96.78±4.74abc22.072**術(shù)后48 h 89.27±6.19 88.75±6.16 156.10±6.69ab123.45±6.76abc116.48±5.90abc115.898**術(shù)后72 h 86.13±4.48 87.88±5.95 187.75±6.56ab153.68±6.49abc142.98±6.89abcd308.851**F 0.312 0.029 439.700**392.105**986.483**
Tab.3 Changes of BUN between rabbit groups表3 各組大白兔BUN變化 (n=6,mmol/L,±s)
Tab.3 Changes of BUN between rabbit groups表3 各組大白兔BUN變化 (n=6,mmol/L,±s)
F時(shí)間=1 043.521,F(xiàn)組間=338.431,F(xiàn)交互=237.755,均P<0.01
組別Control組(1) Sham組(2) Sepsis組(3) NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組(4) NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組(5) F術(shù)前6.08±0.12 6.08±0.38 6.04±0.55 6.08±0.38 6.07±0.29 0.016術(shù)后24 h 6.05±0.42 6.11±0.40 11.25±0.38ab9.15±0.39abc8.33±0.38abcd183.351**術(shù)后48 h 6.04±0.39 6.12±0.42 13.27±0.39ab10.22±0.36abc9.26±0.38abcd368.554**術(shù)后72 h 6.09±0.41 6.11±0.38 15.76±0.39ab11.07±0.40abc10.14±0.41abcd617.252**F 0.037 0.256 619.718**3570.128**201.284**
Tab.4 Quantitation of of TNF-α,IL-10 and NF-κB expression between five groups表4 術(shù)后72h各組腎組織TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)平均灰度值比較 (n=6,±s)
Tab.4 Quantitation of of TNF-α,IL-10 and NF-κB expression between five groups表4 術(shù)后72h各組腎組織TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)平均灰度值比較 (n=6,±s)
組別Control組(1)Sham組(2)Sepsis組(3)NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組(4)NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組(5)F TNF-α 0.141±0.023 0.139±0.013 0.264±0.017ab0.222±0.015abcIL-10 0.114±0.014 0.114±0.014 0.225±0.015ab0.267±0.015abcNF-κB 0.110±0.016 0.111±0.017 0.292±0.006ab0.265±0.017abc0.198±0.009abcd66.785**0.286±0.009abcd223.287**0.221±0.017abcd192.816**
2.5 NaHS對尿源性膿毒血癥兔血漿H2S濃度的影響 Sepsis組血漿H2S濃度低于Control組和Sham組。經(jīng)靜脈注射NaHS后血漿H2S濃度升高,NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組血漿H2S濃度均高于Sepsis組(均P<0.05),見圖3。
Fig.3 Plasma H2S concentration in each groups 72 hours after operation圖3 術(shù)后72 h各組血漿H2S濃度
2.6 NaHS對尿源性膿毒血癥兔腎組織CSE活性的影響 Sepsis組、NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組及NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組腎組織CSE活性均低于Control組和Sham組。Sepsis組、NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組腎組織CSE活性比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見圖4。
Fig.4 The kindey CSE changes in each groups 72 h after operation圖4 術(shù)后72 h各組腎臟CSE變化
Chen等[7]通過注射脂多糖建立了尿源性膿毒血癥動物模型。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過結(jié)扎大白兔輸尿管并注入大腸桿菌,術(shù)后72 h血WBC、Cr、BUN升高明顯,提示尿源性膿毒血癥建模成功,且并發(fā)急性腎功能受損。Sham組術(shù)后炎癥因子及腎功能指標(biāo)升高不明顯,可排除手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷、應(yīng)激對實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的干擾。該動物模型更接近于臨床實(shí)際,為研究尿源性膿毒血癥發(fā)病機(jī)制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
研究表明烏司他丁通過下調(diào)TNF-α,上調(diào)IL-10,能有效防治尿源性膿毒癥,減輕組織器官的炎癥反應(yīng)[7]。膿毒血癥致早期急性腎損傷早期進(jìn)行腎臟替代治療(renal replacement therapy,RRT),清除IL-10、IL-6等炎性介質(zhì),有利于器官功能的恢復(fù),提高存活率[8]。Souza等[4]在膿毒癥腎損傷的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),促紅細(xì)胞生成素(EPO)通過下調(diào)NF-κB表達(dá)抑制炎癥反應(yīng),對膿毒癥腎損傷具有很好的保護(hù)作用。本研究中Sepsis組腎組織TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)升高,隨造模時(shí)間延長,腎組織損傷程度越來越嚴(yán)重,Cr、BUN及WBC也呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,光鏡及電鏡下觀察腎組織病理損害明顯。以上提示細(xì)胞因子TNF-α和NF-κB在尿源性膿毒血癥腎損傷中起重要作用。
H2S可通過機(jī)體含硫氨基酸在胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathionine-β-synthase,CBS)和CSE的作用下而內(nèi)源性生成[9]。研究表明CBS和CSE在腎臟組織均有表達(dá),但以CSE為主,腎組織也可內(nèi)源性產(chǎn)生H2S,對腎臟功能具有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[10]。越來越多的證據(jù)顯示H2S對膿毒血癥核因子有著重要的調(diào)控作用,其通過抑制NF-κB信號通路,阻斷炎癥因子的表達(dá),從而降低炎癥反應(yīng)。Li等[11]報(bào)道H2S可促進(jìn)中性粒細(xì)胞向炎癥部位聚集,提高中性粒細(xì)胞的遷移及黏附能力,降低血漿TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6等炎癥因子水平,提高IL-10的含量,其機(jī)制與下調(diào)NF-κB有關(guān)。H2S可通過抑制NF-κB/COX-2途徑減少IL-1β,IL-6和IL-8等炎癥因子的產(chǎn)生,而降低炎癥反應(yīng)[12]。Pan等[13]認(rèn)為H2S可抑制NF-κB的激活,上調(diào)血紅素加氧酶-1(HO-1),降低TNF-α誘導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,Sepsis組腎組織CSE表達(dá)較Control組和Sham組減弱,內(nèi)源性硫化氫生成減少。應(yīng)用NaHS對尿源性膿毒血癥動物模型進(jìn)行處理,Sepsis組、NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組腎組織CSE活性比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;血漿H2S濃度升高,NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg組和NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg組血漿H2S濃度均高于Sepsis組,提示NaHS 為H2S的良好供體,但不能增加腎臟CSE活性,內(nèi)源性H2S參與了尿源性膿毒血癥腎損傷的病理生理過程。外源性給予H2S后Sepsis組腎組織TNF-α及NF-κB蛋白表達(dá)明顯下降,IL-10表達(dá)增強(qiáng),炎癥指標(biāo)及腎功能明顯改善。光鏡及電鏡結(jié)果表明H2S可減輕尿源性膿毒血癥引起的腎組織病理損害。據(jù)此推斷H2S對尿源性膿毒血癥腎損傷有保護(hù)作用,其機(jī)制可能是H2S通過抑制腎組織NF-κB的活性,下調(diào)TNF-α的表達(dá),上調(diào)IL-10的表達(dá),從而降低炎癥反應(yīng)。并且該保護(hù)作用在一定范圍內(nèi)呈劑量依賴性,8.4 μmol/kg NaHS溶液對腎臟的保護(hù)作用較2.8 μmol/kg明顯。
Fig.1 Pathological morphological changes of kidney in each group 72 hours post-operation圖1 術(shù)后72 h各組腎臟病理形態(tài)學(xué)變化
Fig.2 Immunohistochemical staining of kidney in each group 72 h after operation(immunohistochemistry,×400)圖2 術(shù)后72 h各組腎臟免疫組化結(jié)果(免疫組織化學(xué),×400)
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(2014-01-17收稿 2014-03-25修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)
Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Kidney Injury Induced by Urinary-Derived Sepsis
XU Wujun1,CHEN Xian1,LUO Zhigang1,WANG Yi1,LUO Hongmei2,ZHANG Tao1,LIU Jun1
1 Department of Urology,Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China,Hunan 421001,China;2 Department of Histology and Embryology,University of South China CHEN Xian,E-mail:ch1248@yeah.net
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on kidney injury induced by urinary-derived sepsis.MethodsRabbits were randomly divided into Control group,Sham group,Sepsis group,NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group and NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group.Upper urinary tract obstruction and acute infection was induced to establish Sepsis model.At 24 h before surgery,and 24 h,48 h,72 h after surgery,blood was taken to examine white blood cell count(WBC),creatinine(Cr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN).At 72 h after surgery,morphological changes were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect TNF-α,IL-10 and NF-κB expression.Blood H2S concentration was measured by deproteinization and Cystathionine-γ-lyase(CSE)activity using spectrophotometric methylene blue method.ResultsAt 24 h,48 h,and 72 h after surgery,Levels of WBC,Cr and BUN were all elevated in Sepsis group compared with the other four groups.Levels of WBC and BUN in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group were lower than those in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group.At 24 h,48 h after surgery,there is no significant difference between levels of Cr in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group and that in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group,but Cr level in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group was marked lower than that in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group 72 hour after surgery.Pathological features of kidney injury were also alleviated by intravenous administration of NaHS.TNF-α,NF-κB expressions in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group and NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group were lower than those in Sepsis group,IL-10 expression was higher than that in Sepsis group. TNF-α,NF-κB expressions in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group were lower than that in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group,whereas IL-10 expression in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group was higher than that in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group.Compared with Control group and Sham group,H2S content and CSE expression in kidney were decreased in Sepsis group.After intravenous administration of NaHS,H2S content increased,but the CSE activity has no obvious change.ConclusionExogenous H2S reduced kidney injury induced by urinary-derived sepsis through inhibiting NF-κB,decreasing TNF-α and increasing IL-10.
hydrogen sulfide;NF-kappa B;tumor necrosis factor-alpha;interleukin-10;cystathionine gamma-lyase;kidney injury;urinary-derived sepsis
R691.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.08.010
湖南省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(13JJ9009)
1湖南衡陽,南華大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院泌尿外科(郵編421001);2南華大學(xué)組胚教研室
△通訊作者 E-mail:ch1248@yeah.net