王祥杰等
[摘要] 目的 研究壯筋續(xù)骨湯對(duì)大鼠股骨骨折后降鈣素(CT)和活性維生素D3(VitD3)水平影響。方法 成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠72只,切斷股骨中段制備骨折模型,采取壯筋續(xù)骨湯灌胃治療。X線觀察骨折愈合情況,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)血清CT和VitD3水平。結(jié)果 大鼠骨折后7d骨折線明顯,14d纖維性骨痂形成,21d開(kāi)始鈣鹽沉著,28d有骨性骨痂形成。大鼠骨折后7~21d,治療組骨痂結(jié)構(gòu)變化與模型組相應(yīng)時(shí)間比較無(wú)明顯差異,但至28d治療組骨痂結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)于模型組。模型組和治療組大鼠血清CT和VitD3水平在骨折后7~28d明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),模型組與治療組在7~21d無(wú)顯著差異,但在28d治療組明顯高于模型組(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 壯筋續(xù)骨湯可在骨折愈合后期通過(guò)維持血清CT和VitD3水平而促進(jìn)骨折愈合。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 壯筋續(xù)骨湯;骨折;降鈣素;維生素D3;大鼠
[中圖分類號(hào)] R274.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2014)04-32-04
Effect and significance of ZJXG decoction on the serum levels of CT and VitD3 in femur fracture rats
WANG Xiangjie1 ZHOU Zhen2 WANG Gongguo1 ZHU Hanzhong2 PAN Yuexing1
1.Department of Orthopedics, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Rizhao 276800,China;2.Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College,Qingdao 266021,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of Zhuang Jin Xu Gu(ZJXG) decoction on the serum levels of calcitonin(CT) and active vitamin D3(VitD3) in femoral fracture rats. Methods Femur fractures were generated in 72 male adult Wistar rats by cutting femur transversely at middle point. ZJXG decoction was administered orally after surgery for 28d. The healing process was analyzed by X-ray. The serum levels of CT and VitD3 were assessed by enzyme linked immunobsorbent assay(ELISA). Results X-ray indicated that the fracture line of the femoral fracture-end was clear at 7d, fibrous callus tissue formed at 14d, Ca2+ salt deposited at 21d and osseous callus tissues formed at 28d. During fracture 7-21d, no difference of the callus tissues structure existed between model and treatment groups, but in treatment group it was better than that in model group at 28d. ELISA results showed that the serum levels of CT and VitD3 were higher than those in control group at 7-28d(P<0.05). There were no significant difference between model and treatment groups at 7-21d, but in treatment group it was higher than that in model group at 28d(P<0.05). Conclusion ZJXG decoction could enhance the fracture healing by reducing the decomposition of CT and VitD3 in femur fracture rats.
[Key words] ZJXG decoction;Fracture;Calcitonin;Vitamin D3;Rats
骨組織形成過(guò)程中,激素調(diào)節(jié)與生長(zhǎng)因子調(diào)節(jié)、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)共同形成了神經(jīng)-內(nèi)分泌-局部生長(zhǎng)因子調(diào)節(jié)網(wǎng)絡(luò),參與骨組織形成的整個(gè)過(guò)程[1]。降鈣素(calcitonin,CT)、甲狀旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)和維生素D3(vitamin D3,VitD3)一起組成維持人體鈣磷代謝平衡的三大主要調(diào)節(jié)激素[2]。CT多肽由32個(gè)氨基酸構(gòu)成,作用于成骨細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)骨小梁改建,加速骨折愈合[3]。1,25二羥基維生素D3(VitD3)是維生素D在體內(nèi)唯一有活性的形式,是鈣被機(jī)體吸收的載體,鈣只有在活性VitD3的作用下方能被骨骼利用,且能提高成骨細(xì)胞的活性,抑制破骨細(xì)胞的活性,使骨小梁能正常形成,軟骨性骨痂正常骨化[4]。臨床應(yīng)用提示,壯筋續(xù)骨湯具有促進(jìn)骨折愈合的作用,但其作用機(jī)制尚不十分清楚[5-6],本實(shí)驗(yàn)試圖觀察壯筋續(xù)骨湯對(duì)大鼠股骨骨折后血清CT和VitD3水平變化的影響,探討其促進(jìn)骨折愈合的機(jī)制。endprint
1 材料與方法
1.1 動(dòng)物分組
成年健康Wistar大鼠72只,雄性,體重220~
240g,清潔級(jí),青島市藥物檢驗(yàn)所動(dòng)物中心提供[SCXK(魯)20120010]。Wistar大鼠適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)7d后,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組24只、模型組24只、治療組24只。
1.2 模型制備
Wistar大鼠用10%水合氯醛(300mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉后,取俯臥位固定,常規(guī)碘伏消毒,嚴(yán)格無(wú)菌操作,采用股外側(cè)入路,沿股前、外側(cè)肌肌間隙顯露股骨,用低速牙科鉆在股骨中段(大轉(zhuǎn)子下1.2cm)切斷股骨,復(fù)位骨折,應(yīng)用克氏針(直徑1mm,上海醫(yī)用縫合針廠)髓腔固定,逐層縫合,無(wú)菌敷料包扎,手術(shù)成功率100%[7],對(duì)照組不切斷股骨,其余步驟同上。
1.3 治療方法
壯筋續(xù)骨湯根據(jù)清代趙濂《傷科大成》配方,由日照市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院院制劑室根據(jù)《醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)中藥煎藥室管理規(guī)范》(國(guó)中醫(yī)藥發(fā)[2009]3號(hào))制備。每副先后煎煮2次,最終藥液總量224mL,含生藥量112g,濃度為0.5g/mL。根據(jù)前期研究結(jié)果證實(shí),每日1.25g/kg(2.5mL/kg)較為理想[8],每日1次,連續(xù)28d。對(duì)照組和模型組同步給予等量的生理鹽水。
1.4 X線攝片
X線攝片(GE Revolution RE/d型,USA)觀察骨折愈合情況。
1.5 ELISA
治療后7、14、21、28d每組各取6只大鼠觀察。動(dòng)物先禁食12h,自腹主動(dòng)脈采血4mL,4000rpm離心10min,分離血清,ELISA試劑盒(BG公司)測(cè)定血清CT和VitD3水平。在測(cè)定前室溫復(fù)溶,再次離心取上清標(biāo)本100μL,用酶標(biāo)儀(Bio-Rad 550型,美國(guó))在450nm條件下測(cè)定CT和VitD3的吸光度值,依據(jù)樣品的吸光度值在坐標(biāo)上標(biāo)出對(duì)應(yīng)的CT和VitD3濃度,以ng/L表示。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用SPSS11.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理,計(jì)量資料以()表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 X線觀察
對(duì)照組大鼠股骨骨皮質(zhì)完整,模型組大鼠骨折當(dāng)天骨折線清晰,骨折7d骨折斷端被纖維組織填充,但骨折線仍然明顯;至14d纖維性骨痂開(kāi)始形成,至21d有鈣鹽沉著,至28d骨性骨痂形成。治療組大鼠骨折后7~21d,骨痂結(jié)構(gòu)變化與模型組相應(yīng)時(shí)間比較無(wú)明顯差異,但至28d治療組骨痂結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)于模型組,皮質(zhì)及髓腔可辨,成像清晰。
2.2 血清CT水平
從治療時(shí)間方面比較,對(duì)照組大鼠血清CT水平在術(shù)后7~28d未見(jiàn)顯著性變化(t=0.20~1.00,P>0.05)。模型組和治療組大鼠血清CT水平在術(shù)后7~21d也未見(jiàn)顯著性變化(t=0.03~1.56,P>0.05),至28d則顯著下降(t=5.99~13.36,P<0.05)。組間比較表明:模型組和治療組大鼠血清CT水平在術(shù)后7~28d各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均顯著高于對(duì)照組(t=2.44~19.13,P<0.05);治療組大鼠血清CT水平術(shù)后7~21d與模型組相應(yīng)時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較無(wú)顯著性差異(t=0.73~1.53,P>0.05),但第28天仍顯著高于模型組(t=6.59,P<0.05)和對(duì)照組(t=11.75,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 血清VitD3水平
從治療時(shí)間方面比較,對(duì)照組大鼠血清VitD3水平在術(shù)后7~28d未見(jiàn)顯著性變化(t=0.55~1.21,P>0.05)。模型組和治療組大鼠血清VitD3水平在術(shù)后7~21d也未見(jiàn)顯著性變化(t=0.36~1.90,P>0.05),至28d則顯著下降(t=5.90~14.00,P>0.05)。組間比較表明:模型組和治療組大鼠血清VitD3水平在術(shù)后7~28d各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均顯著高于對(duì)照組(t=7.66~23.11,P<0.05);治療組大鼠血清VitD3水平術(shù)后7~21d與模型組相應(yīng)時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較無(wú)顯著性差異(t=0.23~1.86,P>0.05),但第28天仍顯著高于模型組(t=9.51,P<0.05)和對(duì)照組(t=17.00,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
3 討論
骨折愈合早期,CT能抑制Ⅲ型膠原mRNA表達(dá),防止過(guò)度炎癥反應(yīng)[9];骨折愈合晚期能促進(jìn)成骨細(xì)胞I型膠原mRNA的表達(dá),抑制Ⅱ型膠原mRNA表達(dá),從而促進(jìn)軟骨性骨痂向骨性骨痂轉(zhuǎn)換,維持骨小梁的正常形態(tài),以確保骨的質(zhì)量[10]。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)[11]表明,骨折后應(yīng)用CT能促進(jìn)膠原蛋白等骨基質(zhì)的形成和骨礦化,縮短骨折愈合時(shí)間[12],減輕骨折固定所致的廢用性骨質(zhì)疏松癥[13]。Shibatab[14]報(bào)告,作為活性VitD3代謝藥物前體的α-骨化醇,在去卵巢的小鼠骨質(zhì)疏松模型中,維持正常血鈣的藥物學(xué)劑量能夠抑制骨重吸收。Duque[15]發(fā)現(xiàn),活性VitD3能夠通過(guò)抑制由血清剝奪引起的脫噬作用,從而增加成骨細(xì)胞的生存時(shí)間。Norman和Adams[16]認(rèn)為,活性VitD3在維持正常鈣化、鈣平衡及腸鈣吸收起重要作用。適量的鈣及活性VitD3的補(bǔ)充可提高骨量,改善骨骼生物力學(xué)性能。
中藥治療骨折除了解痙止痛、活血化瘀、去腐生肌等常規(guī)作用外,也直接或間接影響骨生長(zhǎng)因子的分泌、降解和活性調(diào)節(jié)。壯筋續(xù)骨湯出自清代趙濂編纂的《傷科大成》,其中當(dāng)歸能夠活血補(bǔ)血,川芎具有活血祛瘀以止血之效,當(dāng)歸、川芎聯(lián)合達(dá)到祛瘀行滯活血功效;熟地補(bǔ)血滋陰并能益精填髓;黃芪具備補(bǔ)氣益氣、升陽(yáng)固表、利水消腫的作用;三七不但散瘀止血,又能消腫定痛;續(xù)斷既可補(bǔ)肝腎,壯筋骨,又調(diào)血脈,促進(jìn)骨折愈合的療效;杜仲有補(bǔ)肝腎,強(qiáng)筋骨作用;骨碎補(bǔ)補(bǔ)腎壯骨、續(xù)傷鎮(zhèn)痛;紅花通經(jīng)活血,祛瘀止痛;白芍補(bǔ)血,緩急止痛。故而壯筋續(xù)骨湯具有活血化瘀、接骨續(xù)筋、滋補(bǔ)肝腎等作用,符合祖國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)“瘀去、新生、骨合”的治療原則。本次實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,壯筋續(xù)骨湯在骨折術(shù)后第1~3周內(nèi)并沒(méi)有提高大鼠血清中CT和VitD3水平,只是在21d后,能使血清中CT和VitD3含量繼續(xù)保持較高水平,說(shuō)明壯筋續(xù)骨湯并不能促進(jìn)上述激素分泌,可能只是起到減緩其降解速度、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期、增強(qiáng)激素活性的作用,從而發(fā)揮促進(jìn)骨折愈合的作用。endprint
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(收稿日期:2013-12-14)endprint
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Garcia Delgado I,Preto S,Gil Fraguas L.Calcitonin, etidronate, and calcidiol treatment in bone loss after cardiac transplantation[J].Calcif Tissue Int,1997,60(2):155-159.
[2] Giardino R,F(xiàn)ini M,Nicdi Aldini N,et al.Effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin and alendronate on bone quaiity in ovariectomized rats[J].Minerva Med,1997,88(4):469-477.
[3] Yang D,Guo J,Divieti P,et al.Parathyroid hormone activates PKC-delta and regulates osteoblastic differentiation via a PLC-independent pathway[J].Bone,2006,38(4):485-496.
[4] Wu HW.Research on prevention and treatment of secondary osteoporosis[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine,2004,14(7):75-78.
[5] 王祥杰,周縝,潘月興,等.壯筋續(xù)骨湯促進(jìn)骨折愈合的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].臨床醫(yī)學(xué)工程,2012,19(1):33-35.
[6] 王祥杰,周縝,王貫習(xí),等.壯筋續(xù)骨湯對(duì)骨折大鼠血清BMP和NPY水平的影響[J].臨床醫(yī)學(xué)工程,2012,19(2):188-190.
[7] Pan YX,Wang XJ,Du ZX,et al.Zhuang Jin Xu Gu Decoction improves fracture healing in rats by augmenting the expression of NPY[J].J Dent Med Med Sci,2012,3(8):517-521.
[8] 王祥杰,潘月興,杜志仙,等.壯筋續(xù)骨湯對(duì)大鼠骨折骨痂中骨形態(tài)發(fā)生蛋白-7和神經(jīng)肽Y表達(dá)的影響[J].中華中醫(yī)藥雜志,2013,28(8):2420-2422.
[9] 鄭朋飛,董展,王結(jié)果,等.降鈣素經(jīng)ERK-MAPK信號(hào)通路調(diào)控成骨細(xì)胞核心結(jié)合因子a1mRNA表達(dá)[J].實(shí)用臨床醫(yī)藥雜志,2009,13(4):35-38.
[10] Mehta NM,Malootian A,Gilligan JP.Calcitonin for osteoporosis and bone pain[J].Curr Pharm Des,2003,9(32):2659-2676.
[11] Wallach S,Rousseau G,Martin L.Effects of calcitonin on animal and in vitro modds of skeletal metabolism[J].Bone,1999,25:509-516.
[12] 李曉林,羅新樂(lè),余楠生,等.鮭魚(yú)降鈣素對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影響[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2003,9(2):111-113.
(下轉(zhuǎn)第頁(yè))
(上接第頁(yè))
[13] Petersen MM,Lauritzen JB,Schwarz P.Effect of nasal calcitonin on post-traumatic osteopenia following ankle fracture, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 24 patients[J].Acta Orthop Scand,1998,69(3):347-350.
[14] Shibata T,Shira-ishi A,Sato T,et al.Vitamin D hormone inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo by decreasing the pool of osteoclast precursors in bone marrow[J].J Bone Miner Res,2002,17(4):622-629.
[15] Duque G,El Abdaimi K,Henderson JE,et al.Vitamin D inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts by regulating components of both the mitochondrial and Fas-related pathways[J].Bone,2004,35(1):57-64.
[16] Adams JS,Kantorvich V,Wu C,et al.Resolution of vitamin D insufficiency in osteopenic patients results in rapid recovery of bone mineral density[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84(7):729-2732.
(收稿日期:2013-12-14)endprint
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[5] 王祥杰,周縝,潘月興,等.壯筋續(xù)骨湯促進(jìn)骨折愈合的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].臨床醫(yī)學(xué)工程,2012,19(1):33-35.
[6] 王祥杰,周縝,王貫習(xí),等.壯筋續(xù)骨湯對(duì)骨折大鼠血清BMP和NPY水平的影響[J].臨床醫(yī)學(xué)工程,2012,19(2):188-190.
[7] Pan YX,Wang XJ,Du ZX,et al.Zhuang Jin Xu Gu Decoction improves fracture healing in rats by augmenting the expression of NPY[J].J Dent Med Med Sci,2012,3(8):517-521.
[8] 王祥杰,潘月興,杜志仙,等.壯筋續(xù)骨湯對(duì)大鼠骨折骨痂中骨形態(tài)發(fā)生蛋白-7和神經(jīng)肽Y表達(dá)的影響[J].中華中醫(yī)藥雜志,2013,28(8):2420-2422.
[9] 鄭朋飛,董展,王結(jié)果,等.降鈣素經(jīng)ERK-MAPK信號(hào)通路調(diào)控成骨細(xì)胞核心結(jié)合因子a1mRNA表達(dá)[J].實(shí)用臨床醫(yī)藥雜志,2009,13(4):35-38.
[10] Mehta NM,Malootian A,Gilligan JP.Calcitonin for osteoporosis and bone pain[J].Curr Pharm Des,2003,9(32):2659-2676.
[11] Wallach S,Rousseau G,Martin L.Effects of calcitonin on animal and in vitro modds of skeletal metabolism[J].Bone,1999,25:509-516.
[12] 李曉林,羅新樂(lè),余楠生,等.鮭魚(yú)降鈣素對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影響[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2003,9(2):111-113.
(下轉(zhuǎn)第頁(yè))
(上接第頁(yè))
[13] Petersen MM,Lauritzen JB,Schwarz P.Effect of nasal calcitonin on post-traumatic osteopenia following ankle fracture, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 24 patients[J].Acta Orthop Scand,1998,69(3):347-350.
[14] Shibata T,Shira-ishi A,Sato T,et al.Vitamin D hormone inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo by decreasing the pool of osteoclast precursors in bone marrow[J].J Bone Miner Res,2002,17(4):622-629.
[15] Duque G,El Abdaimi K,Henderson JE,et al.Vitamin D inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts by regulating components of both the mitochondrial and Fas-related pathways[J].Bone,2004,35(1):57-64.
[16] Adams JS,Kantorvich V,Wu C,et al.Resolution of vitamin D insufficiency in osteopenic patients results in rapid recovery of bone mineral density[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84(7):729-2732.
(收稿日期:2013-12-14)endprint