程家高等
摘要 [目的]為了篩選觀賞牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)容器栽培的最佳基質(zhì),提高牡丹家庭擺放與城鄉(xiāng)觀賞效果。[方法]采用腐葉土20%+園土20%+粗河沙20%+馬糞20%(牛糞代替)+雞糞20%(A)、腐園土100%+菜子餅20 kg/m3(C)3種不同配比基質(zhì)栽培紫二喬,并進(jìn)行了生長及觀賞效果比較試驗。[結(jié)果]自制基質(zhì)B為栽培基質(zhì)時紫二喬長勢良好,商品性最高,其肥、透氣性均高于處理A、C,特別是原料來源可就地取材,方便、成本低,只有雞糞和菜子餅需經(jīng)費(fèi)購置,腐葉土、鋸沫屬變廢為寶,不需購置費(fèi)。同時在基質(zhì)中加入少量充分腐熟的菜子餅可有效增加基質(zhì)養(yǎng)分,更好地促進(jìn)生長勢。[結(jié)論]自制配方基質(zhì)B,生態(tài)環(huán)保,可促進(jìn)牡丹盆栽在不增加投入的情況下獲取較高的商品價值與廣闊市場,促進(jìn)牡丹產(chǎn)業(yè)的綜合發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)效益的不斷提高。
關(guān)鍵詞基質(zhì);牡丹;生長特性
中圖分類號S685.11文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)14-04213-02
Effects of Different Ratio of Substrate on Growth Characteristics of Peony(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)
CHENG Jiagao et al(The Administration Committee of Tongling Xinqiao Hightech Modern Agricultural Demonstration Park, Tongling, Anhui 244151)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to screen the best substrate of ornamental peony cultivating in vessel, improve its ornamental peony of family placement and urban and rural. [Method] Three ratio substrates, corrupt leaf earth 20%+garden soil 20%+coarse river sand 20%+cow dung 20%+chicken dung 20%, corrupt leaf earth 40%+saw froth 30%+chicken dung 30%+rapeseed cake 20 kg/m3, garden soil 100%+rapeseed cake 20 kg/m3, were used to cultivate Zierqiao, and carried out the comparison test on its growth and ornamental effects. [Result] When using homemade matrix B as the cultivation matrix, Zierqiaos growth vigor was good, its commodity was the highest, its fertilizer and permeability were both higher than those of treatment B and C, especially because the materials got in local area, not only it was feasible but also its cost was low, only chicken dung and rapeseed cake need to buy, while which turned corrupt leaf earth and saw froth into things of value and need not to buy. Meanwhile that a few rapeseed cake fully decomposed was added into matrix increased its nutrient effectively, to promote its growth better. [Conclusion] Homemade formulation matrix B was ecological and environment friendly, gets higher goods value and broad market of peony cultivating in pot without increasing input, and then promotes the comprehensive development of peony industry and its industrial efficiency.
Key wordsMatrix; Peony; Growth characteristics
牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)是芍藥科芍藥屬多年生落葉小灌木,原產(chǎn)我國西部秦嶺和大巴山一帶。牡丹生長緩慢,株型小,是我國特有的木本名貴花卉,有數(shù)千年的自然生長歷史和1 500多年的人工栽培歷史[1]。牡丹花被擁戴為花中之王,有關(guān)文化和繪畫作品很豐富。牡丹素有“國色天香”、“富貴之花”、“花中之王”的美稱[2]。為此,筆者研究不同栽培基質(zhì)對牡丹生長特性的影響,篩選觀賞牡丹容器栽培的最佳基質(zhì),以促進(jìn)牡丹家庭擺放與城鄉(xiāng)觀賞效果。
1材料與方法
1.1供試材料及來源腐葉土、園土、粗河沙、牛糞、雞糞、鋸沫、菜子餅、網(wǎng)筐。其中,牛糞、雞糞、鋸沫、菜子餅均需充分發(fā)酵腐熟后使用,并將其各種材料摻拌均勻,每栽1 000株(盆)準(zhǔn)備4 m3基質(zhì)。
1.2試驗方法試驗于2011年秋在銅陵新橋高科技現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)示范園區(qū)銅陵創(chuàng)新農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司基地進(jìn)行,采用3種不同配方基質(zhì)(表1),應(yīng)用深30 cm、下底直徑20 cm、上口直徑25 cm的塑料網(wǎng)筐以及大田假植的方法,每一種配比的基質(zhì)各栽20株4年生種苗(紫二喬均6個枝條),供試品種均于2011年10月17日定植。其塑料網(wǎng)筐內(nèi)苗定植后即日假植于大田,和大田直接栽植一樣,株行距均按0.6 m×0.6 m假植,田間管理一致。開花期間考察候物性和其觀賞效果等,并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。
3小結(jié)與討論
鑒于上述各項所述,自制基質(zhì)B為栽培基質(zhì)時紫二喬長勢良好,商品性最高,其肥、透氣性均高于處理A、C,特別是原料來源可就地取材,方便、成本低、只有雞糞和菜子餅需經(jīng)費(fèi)購置,腐葉土、鋸沫屬變廢為寶,不需購置費(fèi)。同時,在基質(zhì)中加入少量充分腐熟的菜子餅可有效增加基質(zhì)養(yǎng)分,更好地促進(jìn)生長勢。因此自制配方基質(zhì)B,生態(tài)環(huán)保,可促進(jìn)牡丹盆栽在不增加投入的情況下獲取較高的商品價值與廣闊市場,促進(jìn)牡丹產(chǎn)業(yè)的綜合發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)效益的不斷提高。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 劉翔.中國牡丹[M].鄭州:河南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1995.
[2] 賀振.怎樣栽牡丹[M].北京:中國林業(yè)出版社,1992.