王偉科等
摘要[目的]通過分析不同基質(zhì)中香菇菌絲生長期4種胞外酶的活性變化情況,為香菇營養(yǎng)生理研究提供參考。[方法]提取不同基質(zhì)中的粗酶液,利用分光光度計測定光密度值,分析羧甲基纖維素酶、濾紙纖維素酶、淀粉酶及漆酶的活性變化。[結(jié)果]不同基質(zhì)對胞外酶活性大小有影響;各種酶活性高峰期不同,羧甲基纖維素酶和濾紙纖維素酶的活性高峰出現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)色末期;淀粉酶的活性高峰位于轉(zhuǎn)色初期;漆酶的活性高峰在發(fā)菌初期。[結(jié)論]胞外酶在不同基質(zhì)和菌絲不同生長階段活性存在差異,但同一種酶在不同基質(zhì)中的活性變化趨勢總體一致。
關(guān)鍵詞香菇;不同基質(zhì);菌絲生長期;胞外酶活性
中圖分類號S646.1+2文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)14-04176-03
Study on Changes of Extracellular Enzyme Activities during Different Growth Stages of Lentinus edodes Mycelium in Different Culture Substrates
WANG Weike, ZHOU Zufa et al (Institute of Vegetable Crops, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024)
Abstract [Objective] The changes of extracellular enzyme activity during different growth stages of Lentinus edodes mycelium in different culture substrates were analyzed to provide the references for study on nutritional physiology of Lentinus edodes. [Method] Enzyme liquid was extracted from different culture substrates. The optical density value was determined using spectrophotometer. The changes in activity of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellulase, amylase, and laccase were analyzed. [Result]Different culture substrates had different effects on the activity of extracellular enzyme. The peak activities of various enzymes varied. The peak activity of carboxymethyl cellulase enzyme and cellulase filter paper enzyme occured at the end of color changing period. The peak activity of amylase occured at the beginning. The peak activity of laccase occured at the beginning of germinating. [Conclusion]There were differences of extracellular enzyme activity in different culture substrates and different growth stages. The trend of activity changes of each enzyme was similar in different culture substrates.
Key words Lentinus edodes Mycelium;Different culture substrate;Different growth stage;Extracellular enzyme activity
香菇屬擔(dān)子菌綱、傘菌目、側(cè)耳科、香菇屬,其主要栽培基質(zhì)是雜木屑。隨著栽培技術(shù)的革新,香菇代料栽培技術(shù)已日趨成熟。在以山核桃蒲殼作為代料栽培香菇的過程中,筆者研究了不同山核桃蒲殼含量對香菇菌絲生長期4種胞外酶活性的影響,旨在為營養(yǎng)生理研究提供一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗材料試驗香菇808引自縉云縣山農(nóng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品科技開發(fā)有限公司。培養(yǎng)基配方見表1。
圖3不同基質(zhì)中香菇菌絲生長階段淀粉酶活性的變化2.4不同基質(zhì)中香菇菌絲生長階段漆酶活性的變化由圖4可知,漆酶活性在4個不同配方中表現(xiàn)十分相似,在菌絲生長初期活性最高,隨著菌絲不斷生長滿袋后,其活性逐漸下降,至轉(zhuǎn)色初期4個配方中酶活性又略有回升,而到轉(zhuǎn)色后期活性進一步下降至最低點。在發(fā)菌初期,4個配方中漆酶活性由高到低依次是配方1>配方2>配方3>配方4。這與配方中雜木屑含量的高低呈正相關(guān),雜木屑含量高的配方1漆酶的活性也高,隨著雜木屑含量的下降,其活性也下降。
圖4不同基質(zhì)中香菇菌絲生長階段淀粉酶活性的變化3結(jié)論與討論
(1)香菇菌絲體在不同基質(zhì)配方、不同營養(yǎng)生長階段其菌絲分泌的4 種胞外酶酶活性表現(xiàn)出一定的差異, 但是同一種酶在不同基質(zhì)配方中活性變化的趨勢保持基本一致。
(2)纖維素酶系中羧甲基纖維素酶、濾紙纖維素酶活性在菌絲生長階段總體表現(xiàn)為上升的趨勢,說明菌絲營養(yǎng)生長期對基質(zhì)中的纖維素進行持續(xù)降解利用,為后期原基的形成和子實體生長供應(yīng)碳源和能量。試驗中,隨著配方中山核桃蒲殼含量的增加,酶活性均有不同程度的上升。這可能與底物濃度有關(guān)。
(3)轉(zhuǎn)色是香菇生產(chǎn)過程中關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)。轉(zhuǎn)色是否正常將直接影響到后期原基的形成、產(chǎn)量。試驗中,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同基質(zhì)配方中淀粉酶活性高峰均出現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)色初期,說明這一階段對淀粉酶的降解利用能力較強。這可能與為滿足香菇菌棒轉(zhuǎn)色時所需的碳源、保證轉(zhuǎn)色的順利完成有關(guān)。
(4)漆酶能對木質(zhì)素進行降解利用。該次試驗表明,在香菇菌絲發(fā)菌初期漆酶活性就處于較高水平,說明香菇菌絲對木質(zhì)素的分解利用主要集中在發(fā)菌初期。這與張曉昱[2]研究相一致。
參考文獻
[1] 王憲澤.生物化學(xué)實驗技術(shù)原理和方法[M].北京:中國農(nóng)業(yè)出版社,2002:172-174.
[2] 張曉昱.香菇不同菌株胞外酶活性與生長發(fā)育的關(guān)系[J].華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報,1995,14(3):259-262.