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機(jī)器人心臟外科手術(shù)中周圍體外循環(huán)的灌注管理

2014-04-15 09:18王加利高長(zhǎng)青李佳春
關(guān)鍵詞:體外循環(huán)血?dú)?/a>主動(dòng)脈

王加利,高長(zhǎng)青,張 濤,李佳春,馬 蘭,文 宇

解放軍總醫(yī)院 心血管外科,北京 100853

機(jī)器人心臟外科手術(shù)中周圍體外循環(huán)的灌注管理

王加利,高長(zhǎng)青,張 濤,李佳春,馬 蘭,文 宇

解放軍總醫(yī)院 心血管外科,北京 100853

目的探討機(jī)器人心臟外科手術(shù)中周圍體外循環(huán)(peripheral extracorporeal circulation,PECC)的建立方法與灌注管理策略。方法本院2007年1月- 2014年1月使用達(dá)芬奇機(jī)器人外科手術(shù)系統(tǒng)(da Vinci.S)在PECC下完成心臟直視手術(shù)375例,其中房間隔缺損修補(bǔ)169例,室間隔缺損修補(bǔ)22例,二尖瓣成形96例,二尖瓣置換38例,左心房黏液瘤切除44例,右心房黏液瘤切除6例。在食管超聲心動(dòng)圖(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)引導(dǎo)下,體外循環(huán)(extracorporeal circulation,ECC)經(jīng)右側(cè)股動(dòng)脈、股靜脈及頸內(nèi)靜脈分別插管建立,手術(shù)通過右側(cè)胸壁3個(gè)0.8 cm器械臂孔和一個(gè)2 cm工作孔完成。ECC轉(zhuǎn)流中使用負(fù)壓輔助靜脈引流(vacuum-assist venous drainage,VAVD),連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)(CDITM 500)及超濾。除心臟不停跳術(shù)式外,其余手術(shù)均采用經(jīng)胸阻斷升主動(dòng)脈,經(jīng)主動(dòng)脈停搏液灌注針順行灌注含血冷停搏液或康斯特液(HTK液)進(jìn)行心肌保護(hù)。結(jié)果無手術(shù)死亡及術(shù)式轉(zhuǎn)化。ECC時(shí)間24 ~ 219(94.9±38.8) min,升主動(dòng)脈阻斷時(shí)間18 ~166(66.7±29.0) min,轉(zhuǎn)流中尿量30 ~ 2 100(593.1±459.4) ml,超濾液量800 ~ 6 700(3 005.6±1 245.2) ml。299例患者ECC液體出入量為負(fù)平衡(80%),負(fù)平衡量50 ~ 3 100(856.7±563.8) ml。255例手術(shù)在心臟停跳下完成,術(shù)后心臟自動(dòng)復(fù)蘇率81%(207/255)。呼吸機(jī)輔助時(shí)間4 ~ 12(6.3±1.6) h,24 h胸腔引流量10 ~ 350(111.5±59.5) ml。術(shù)后發(fā)生股靜脈栓塞3例,股動(dòng)脈栓塞2例,經(jīng)華法林鈉或?qū)Ч苋∷ê笾斡?。結(jié)論P(yáng)ECC技術(shù)是保證機(jī)器人心臟手術(shù)開展的前提條件。使用VAVD和連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)、選擇合理的心肌保護(hù)方法是ECC管理的核心內(nèi)容。

體外循環(huán);周圍體外循環(huán);機(jī)器人;負(fù)壓輔助靜脈引流;連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)

機(jī)器人輔助心臟手術(shù)是目前心臟外科領(lǐng)域的最前沿技術(shù)之一[1]。與常規(guī)心臟手術(shù)正中開胸、中心插管建立體外循環(huán)(extracorporeal circulation,ECC)不同,機(jī)器人心臟手術(shù)ECC只能通過外周血管建立。本文將總結(jié)機(jī)器人心臟手術(shù)時(shí)周圍體外循環(huán)(peripheral extracorporeal circulation,PECC)的建立方法及灌注管理策略。

資料和方法

1 臨床資料 我院2007年1月-2014年1月在周圍體外循環(huán)支持下使用達(dá)芬奇機(jī)器人外科手術(shù)系統(tǒng)(da Vinci.S)完成心臟直視手術(shù)375例。男性168例,女性207例;年齡11 ~ 70(40.2±13.7)歲;體質(zhì)量29 ~ 118(61.6±13.4) kg。病種包括房間隔缺損修補(bǔ)169例,室間隔缺損修補(bǔ)22例,二尖瓣成形96例,二尖瓣置換38例,左心房黏液瘤摘除44例,右心房黏液瘤摘除6例。

2 體外循環(huán)建立 患者全麻后雙腔氣管插管。超聲引導(dǎo)下,右側(cè)頸內(nèi)靜脈放置16 G靜脈穿刺針套管,肝素封閉,以備上腔靜脈插管使用。右側(cè)腹股溝韌帶上方2 cm處開直徑2 cm左右的切口,分離出股動(dòng)脈、股靜脈并套阻斷帶,股靜脈置荷包縫合線。全身肝素化后,依據(jù)患者體質(zhì)量及動(dòng)脈管腔的大小插入相匹配的股動(dòng)脈插管(15 ~ 20 Fr,DLP Medtronic)。在食管超聲(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)引導(dǎo)下,采用Seldinger技術(shù),經(jīng)股靜脈先置入導(dǎo)絲至右心房,順導(dǎo)絲插入單極股靜脈插管(17 ~ 25 Fr,DLP Medtronic)至下腔靜脈-右心房交界處并退出導(dǎo)絲;經(jīng)右頸內(nèi)靜脈預(yù)置套管處置入導(dǎo)絲至右心房,順導(dǎo)絲插入股動(dòng)脈插管(15 ~ 17 Fr,DLP Medtronic)至上腔靜脈-右心房交界處并退出導(dǎo)絲;將頸內(nèi)靜脈與股靜脈插管通過一個(gè)“Y”形接頭與靜脈引流管路連接(管路直徑3/8'')。

3 設(shè)備及預(yù)充液 使用索林人工心肺機(jī)(STOCKERT S5)和泰爾茂(Terumo)膜式氧合器(SX-18);術(shù)中應(yīng)用連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)(CDITM500,Terumo)連續(xù)測(cè)定患者的動(dòng)脈血?dú)狻㈦娊赓|(zhì)、混合靜脈血氧飽和度、紅細(xì)胞壓積等指標(biāo);使用邁克唯負(fù)壓輔助靜脈引流裝置(vacuum-assist venous drainage,VAVD)輔助靜脈引流;使用泰爾茂超濾器(HC11S,Terumo)進(jìn)行超濾;使用美敦力股動(dòng)、靜脈插管(Bio-Medicus?整體股動(dòng)脈、股靜脈插管)。預(yù)充液包括:乳酸林格液、萬汶注射液、人血白蛋白注射液、5% NaHCO3及20%甘露醇注射液。

4 體外循環(huán)方法 左側(cè)單肺通氣,右側(cè)肺葉萎陷后在右側(cè)胸壁進(jìn)行定位、打孔,與機(jī)器人手術(shù)系統(tǒng)連接后插入內(nèi)鏡及機(jī)械手臂,經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡套管持續(xù)向胸腔內(nèi)吹入二氧化碳(CO2)氣體[1]。在術(shù)者準(zhǔn)備切開心包前開始ECC轉(zhuǎn)流,初始靜脈引流采用重力方式,之后封閉氧合器儲(chǔ)血室的排氣口,開啟VAVD,將靜脈引流方式改為負(fù)壓輔助引流,VAVD壓力-40 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。ECC采用中流量[45 ~ 60 ml/(min·kg)]灌注,灌注壓力50 ~ 70 mmHg。使用連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)儀管理各血?dú)鈪?shù),控制動(dòng)脈血氧分壓(PaO2)200 ~ 300 mmHg,二氧化碳分壓(PaCO2)45 mmHg左右,混合靜脈血氧飽和度(SvO2)75%以上。ECC轉(zhuǎn)流中要注意觀察手術(shù)進(jìn)程,保持團(tuán)隊(duì)間的密切交流,在醫(yī)生助手阻斷和開放升主動(dòng)脈以及進(jìn)行升主動(dòng)脈荷包線打結(jié)等操作時(shí),將灌注流量減低到0.5 ~ 1 L/min,維持灌注壓力30 mmHg左右,以降低升主動(dòng)脈的張力;在術(shù)者關(guān)閉心房前需要心腔內(nèi)排氣時(shí),將負(fù)壓去除,必要時(shí)可鉗夾靜脈引流管以增加回心血量。升主動(dòng)脈開放前經(jīng)停搏液灌注針緩慢回吸,進(jìn)一步排除心腔內(nèi)可能存在的氣體。

5 心肌保護(hù)方法 除心臟不跳動(dòng)術(shù)式外,其余手術(shù)均經(jīng)右側(cè)胸壁第四肋間隙、腋中線處戳孔,插入升主動(dòng)脈阻斷鉗(Chitwood鉗)。在食管超聲引導(dǎo)下,將BD14G靜脈穿刺針經(jīng)胸壁穿刺插入升主動(dòng)脈,尖端位于主動(dòng)脈根部管腔中央偏后,在胸壁外與停搏液灌注管路(Myotherm XPTMMedtronic)連接后固定,升主動(dòng)脈阻斷后順行灌注康斯特保護(hù)液或4∶1含血冷停搏液(St.Thomas液)[2]。HTK液20 ~ 30 ml/kg一次性灌注,灌注壓力200 ~300 mmHg,灌注流量300 ~ 350 ml/min;4∶1含血冷停搏液首次灌注劑量20 ml/kg,灌注壓力300 ~380 mmHg,灌注流量250 ~ 300 ml/min,以后每隔20 ~ 30 min或出現(xiàn)心電活動(dòng)時(shí)半量復(fù)灌不同比例的含血停搏液。

結(jié)果

手術(shù)全部成功,無手術(shù)死亡及術(shù)中術(shù)式轉(zhuǎn)化。ECC時(shí)間24 ~ 219(94.9±38.8) min,主動(dòng)脈阻斷時(shí)間18 ~ 166(66.7±29.0) min,轉(zhuǎn)流中尿量30 ~ 2 100 (593.1±459.4) ml,超濾液量800 ~ 6 700(3 005.6± 1 245.2) ml。299例ECC液體出入量為負(fù)平衡,負(fù)平衡量50 ~ 3 100(856.7±563.8) ml。255例手術(shù)在心臟停跳下完成,心臟自動(dòng)復(fù)蘇率81%(207/255)。術(shù)后呼吸機(jī)輔助時(shí)間4 ~ 12(6.3±1.6) h,24 h胸腔引流量10 ~ 350(111.5±59.5) ml。術(shù)后發(fā)生股靜脈栓塞3例,股動(dòng)脈栓塞2例,經(jīng)華法林鈉或?qū)Ч苋∷ê笾斡?/p>

討論

經(jīng)外周血管建立體外循環(huán),使用VAVD輔助靜脈引流,應(yīng)用連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)控血?dú)饧半娊赓|(zhì)的變化,選擇合理的心肌保護(hù)方法等是機(jī)器人輔助心臟手術(shù)中體外循環(huán)管理的核心內(nèi)容。

1 外周靜脈插管路徑的選擇 雖然采用單根雙腔股靜脈插管可以省去頸內(nèi)靜脈插管的操作,但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中存在以下問題:首先是在右心房入路手術(shù)時(shí)雙腔股靜脈插管會(huì)影響手術(shù)操作;其次是在股靜脈置管時(shí),單純依靠TEE很難將雙極引流孔定位在理想的位置。只有雙腔靜脈的尖端一級(jí)引流口位于上腔靜脈,二級(jí)引流口位于下腔靜脈內(nèi)才能保證充分的靜脈引流[3]。我們采用經(jīng)食管超聲引導(dǎo)下股靜脈及頸內(nèi)靜脈分別插管,該方法安全、可靠,并不增加操作難度,其插管位置還能分別進(jìn)行調(diào)整。周圍體外循環(huán)需要重視股動(dòng)、靜脈插管后的血栓形成,本組病例中發(fā)生5例此類并發(fā)癥,主要發(fā)生在工作開展初期,動(dòng)脈血栓經(jīng)取栓后治愈,靜脈血栓經(jīng)華法林鈉抗凝后治愈。術(shù)后常規(guī)給予口服阿司匹林抗凝后未再發(fā)生上述并發(fā)癥。

2 負(fù)壓輔助靜脈引流技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 微創(chuàng)心臟手術(shù)中,只有充分的靜脈引流才能滿足循環(huán)灌注需求,同時(shí)保證術(shù)野的清晰。但外周血管直徑細(xì),此類靜脈插管的管體細(xì)長(zhǎng),被動(dòng)性的重力引流方式只能引流大約75%的靜脈回流量,無法滿足手術(shù)要求,需要采取主動(dòng)性引流[4]。負(fù)壓輔助靜脈引流技術(shù)是最為常用的一種,VAVD技術(shù)允許使用較細(xì)的靜脈插管,從而減小組織創(chuàng)傷。此外,使用VAVD在獲得充分的靜脈引流后還能盡量多地濾出液體,達(dá)到零平衡或負(fù)平衡的目的[5]。使用VAVD時(shí)需要控制適當(dāng)?shù)呢?fù)壓,負(fù)壓超過-70 mmHg時(shí)即增加血液破壞,又會(huì)因靜脈插管周圍的心房萎陷而發(fā)生震蕩現(xiàn)象,靜脈回流量反而減少[4]。我們的體會(huì)是:只要靜脈插管的位置合適,-40 mmHg左右的負(fù)壓較為理想,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的基本相符[6]。VAVD技術(shù)有導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈微氣栓的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性會(huì)隨著負(fù)壓的加大而增加,需要引起足夠的重視[7-9]。CO2氣體在血中易于溶解,機(jī)器人心臟手術(shù)中持續(xù)向胸腔內(nèi)吹入CO2對(duì)防止動(dòng)脈微氣栓有較大的益處[10]。

3 連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 在體外循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)流中,患者的血?dú)?、電解質(zhì)以及酸堿平衡是不斷變化的,灌注師一般每隔20 ~ 30 min采集一次血標(biāo)本進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),然后根據(jù)血?dú)饨Y(jié)果進(jìn)行調(diào)整。然而,當(dāng)所需要的信息不能及時(shí)反饋時(shí),僅依靠灌注師的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行控制管理有一定的盲目性,有時(shí)會(huì)影響灌注管理的準(zhǔn)確性。使用CDI連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)可及時(shí)、精確地控制血?dú)鈪?shù)的變化,具有非常高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值[11-13]。體外循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)流中有可能會(huì)發(fā)生腦缺血,部分原因是過低的二氧化碳分壓使血管收縮;相反,高碳酸血癥會(huì)增加腦栓塞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[14]。在機(jī)器人心臟手術(shù)體外循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)流中密切監(jiān)測(cè)及控制PaCO2是非常重要的,尤其是在不停跳房間隔缺損修補(bǔ)手術(shù)中,術(shù)者在修補(bǔ)缺損下緣時(shí)要開放腔靜脈阻斷帶,加之心臟不停跳下術(shù)野血量多,需要使用心內(nèi)吸引器快速吸引,此時(shí)大量的CO2會(huì)隨著血液被吸入到循環(huán)管路中,導(dǎo)致PaCO2瞬時(shí)增高。使用CDI連續(xù)血?dú)獗O(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)可連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)PaCO2的變化,在PaCO2超出正常值范圍時(shí)及時(shí)調(diào)整氣體流量,以維持PaCO2在正常范圍。

4 心肌保護(hù)方法的選擇 機(jī)器人心臟手術(shù)中升主動(dòng)脈阻斷方法有主動(dòng)脈腔內(nèi)球囊阻斷和經(jīng)胸阻斷兩種。主動(dòng)脈腔內(nèi)球囊阻斷技術(shù)操作復(fù)雜,有許多潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且價(jià)格高昂,目前應(yīng)用較少[15-17]。本組病例均采用停搏液灌注針直接穿刺胸壁后,由術(shù)者操作機(jī)械手臂插入升主動(dòng)脈,助手醫(yī)生使用長(zhǎng)柄Chitwood鉗于右側(cè)胸壁外阻斷升主動(dòng)脈。同主動(dòng)脈腔內(nèi)球囊阻斷技術(shù)相比,該方法簡(jiǎn)單易掌握,而且更為經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用,也避免了潛在的主動(dòng)脈損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[18]。但經(jīng)胸阻斷時(shí)的停搏液灌注針是采用14 G靜脈套管針,經(jīng)胸壁外插入胸腔內(nèi),由于留置的套管針管壁較長(zhǎng)且軟,易受到穿刺時(shí)的角度及胸壁擠壓的影響,造成較大阻力,故停搏液灌注時(shí)需要采用較高的灌注壓。

1 Gao C, Yang M, Wang G, et al. Excision of atrial myxoma using robotic technology[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 139(5);1282-1285.

2 王瑤, 高長(zhǎng)青, 楊明, 等. 全機(jī)器人心臟外科手術(shù)中經(jīng)食管超聲心動(dòng)圖的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華胸心血管外科雜志, 2011, 27(7);401-403.

3 周和平,孫國(guó)成,陳濤,等.全胸腔鏡下二尖瓣置換的體外循環(huán)管理[J].中國(guó)體外循環(huán)雜志,2011,9(4):209-210.

4 Colangelo N, Torracca L, Lapenna E, et al. Vacuum-assisted venous drainage in extrathoracic cardiopulmonary bypass management during minimally invasive cardiac surgery[J]. Perfusion, 2006, 21(6);361-365.

5 王加利,高長(zhǎng)青,李佳春,等.負(fù)壓輔助靜脈引流技術(shù)在全機(jī)器人心臟手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用[J].軍醫(yī)進(jìn)修學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2012,33(11):1132-1133.

6 Shin H, Yozu R, Maehara T, et al. Vacuum assisted cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive cardiac surgery; its feasibility and effects on hemolysis[J]. Artif Organs, 2000, 24(6); 450-453.

7 楊璟,何美齡,柳薇,等.微創(chuàng)心臟外科手術(shù)中體外循環(huán)管理[J].中國(guó)體外循環(huán)雜志,2011,9(4):211-213.

8 Vaughan P, Fenwick N, Kumar P. Assisted venous drainage on cardiopulmonary bypass for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement; is it necessary, useful or desirable?[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2010, 10(6);868-871.

9 Jones TJ, Deal DD, Vernon JC, et al. Does vacuum-assisted venous drainage increase gaseous microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass?[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 74(6); 2132-2137.

10 Webb WR, Harrison LH, Helmcke FR, et al. Carbon dioxide field flooding minimizes residual intracardiac air after open heart operations[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 1997, 64(5); 1489-1491.

11 Stammers AH. Monitoring controversies during cardiopulmonary bypass; how far have we come?[J]. Perfusion, 1998, 13(1);35-43.

12 Trowbridge CC, Vasquez M, Stammers AH, et al. The effects of continuous blood gas monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass;a prospective, randomized study--Part I[J]. J Extra Corpor Technol, 2000, 32(3);120-128.

13 Ottens J, Tuble SC, Sanderson AJ, et al. Improving cardiopulmonary bypass; does continuous blood gas monitoring have a role to play?[J]. J Extra Corpor Technol, 2010, 42(3); 191-198.

14 Song JG, Lee EH, Choi DK, et al. Differences between arterial and expired pump Carbon dioxide during robotic cardiac surgery[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2011, 25(1); 85-89.

15 Chitwood WR Jr, Elbeery JR, Moran JF. Minimally invasive mitral valve repair using transthoracic aortic occlusion[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 1997, 63(5);1477-1479.

16 高長(zhǎng)青,楊明,王剛,等.機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)行心房黏液瘤切除術(shù)40例[J].中華胸心血管外科雜志,2011,27(7):393-394.

17 Ricci D, Pellegrini C, Aiello M, et al. Port-access surgery as elective approach for mitral valve operation in re-do procedures[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2010, 37(4); 920-925.

18 楊明,高長(zhǎng)青,王剛,等.機(jī)器入微創(chuàng)二尖瓣手術(shù)60例臨床觀察[J].南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2011,31(10):1721-1723.

Perfusion management of peripheral extracorporeal circulation during robotic heart surgery

WANG Jia-li, GAO Chang-qing, ZHANG Tao, LI Jia-chun, MA Lan, WEN Yu
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
The fi rst author: WANG Jia-li. Email: wangjiali301@sina.com

ObjectiveTo discuss the establishment and perfusion management strategies of peripheral extracorporeal circulation (PECC) during robotic heart surgery.MethodsOf the 375 patients who underwent robotic heart surgery using “da Vinci S” surgical system from January 2007 to January 2014, 169 cases underwent repair of atrial septal defect, 22 cases underwent repair of ventricular septal defect, 96 cases underwent mitral valvuloplasty, 38 cases underwent mitral valve replacement, 44 cases underwent resection of left atrial myxoma and 6 cases underwent resection of right atrial myxoma. Surgery approach was achieved through three 0.8 cm trocar incision in the right side of the chest and a 2 cm working port. Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was established through the femoral artery, femoral vein and right internal jugular vein cannulation with the guidance of transeophageal echocardiography (TEE). Vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD), CDITM 500 continuous blood gas monitoring and ultra fi ltration were used during ECC procedures. The aortic occlusion was performed with a Chitwood crossclamp and antegrade cardioplegia was delivered directly via chest with cold blood cardioplegic solution or HTK solution for myocardial protection.ResultsAll procedures were successfully performed with no operative death and conversion to a median sternotomy. ECC time and aortic cross-clamp time were 24-219 (94.9±38.8) min and 18-166 (66.7±29.0) min respectively. During ECC, the urine volume were 30-2100 (593.1±459.4) ml, ultra fi ltration volume was 800-6 700 (3 005.6±1 245.2) ml, and the total fl uid balance was subzero-balanced in 299 (80%) patients with subzero-balanced volume of 50-3 100 (856.7±563.8) ml. 255 patients underwent surgery with arrested heart and the cardiac autoresuscitation rate was 81% (207/255). Postoperative intubation time was 4-12 (6.3±1.6) h and drainage volume within 24 h postoperatively was 10-350 (111.5±59.5) ml. 3 cases of femoral vein thrombus and 2 cases of femoral arterial thrombus were observed after the surgery. All the complications were cured using warfarin or embolectomy.ConclusionPECC technology is a precondition for robotic cardiac surgery. Using VAVD and CDI, selecting the reasonable methods of myocardial protection are the key points of ECC management.

extracorporeal circulation; peripheral extracorporeal circulation; robotics; vacuum-assist venous drainage; continuous blood gas monitoring

R 654.1

A

2095-5227(2014)12-1227-04

10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.12.014

時(shí)間:2014-08-15 16:38

http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140815.1638.003.html

2014-05-23

國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)(2012AA021104);全軍醫(yī)學(xué)科技“十二五”重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(BWS11J030)

Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA021104); Military Special-purpose Program of "Twelfth Five-Year"(BWS11J030)

王加利,男,副主任技師。研究方向:體外循環(huán)的基礎(chǔ)與臨床。Email: wangjiali301@sina.com

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