閭晨濤 韓潞 江勇 韓東興
III期結(jié)腸癌輔助化療過程中血清CEA和TIMP-1水平的變化
閭晨濤 韓潞 江勇 韓東興
目的 觀察III期結(jié)直腸癌患者化療過程中癌胚抗原(CEA)和組織金屬蛋白酶抑制劑-1(TIMP-1)水平的變化。方法選擇接受結(jié)直腸癌根治性切除患者30例,以mFOLFOX6方案進(jìn)行12周期化療。化療前(d0)、第1周期后(d4)、第2周期前后(d14、d18)、第6周期前后(d70、d74)分別采集血樣,分別測(cè)定CEA和TIMP-1水平。結(jié)果血清CEA水平6個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)分別為(1.66±0.35)、(1.16±0.26)、(1.71±0.28)、(1.69±0.51)、(1.63±0.16)、(1.61±0.20)μg/L,化療中除d4與d0差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,其余各時(shí)點(diǎn)CEA水平與化療前差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。TIMP-1水平6個(gè)時(shí)點(diǎn)分別為(150.70±15.32)、(153.53±16.91)、(166.28± 12.64)、(190.81±11.73)、(140.48±12.30)、(145.20±10.49)μg/L,d4、d14與d0的差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,d18與d0相比升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論輔助化療過程中,CEA保持穩(wěn)定,而TIMP-1在化療開始第2周后有一過性升高。
結(jié)直腸癌 組織金屬蛋白酶抑制劑-1 癌胚抗原 輔助化療
結(jié)直腸癌是成年人常見的惡性腫瘤之一,也是第3位腫瘤相關(guān)致死原因[1]。大約80%患者明確診斷后可獲得根治性手術(shù)治療,其中部分患者術(shù)后需接受化療以降低腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移和復(fù)發(fā)的概率。患者在化療期間若以頻繁的放射性檢查監(jiān)測(cè)病情變化弊大于利,因此選擇合適的血清標(biāo)志物對(duì)化療過程病情變化情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)顯得尤為必要。癌胚抗原(CEA)仍然是結(jié)直腸癌唯一有效的腫瘤標(biāo)志物,可在全身治療前后作為監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)。CEA的持續(xù)升高提示腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或進(jìn)展[2]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)組織金屬蛋白酶抑制劑-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1,TIMP-1)是除了其他臨床參數(shù)之外預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)直腸癌預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因子[3-4]。因此,有學(xué)者提出TIMP-1可能可以獨(dú)立或聯(lián)合CEA監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)直腸癌患者的病情變化[5]。筆者檢測(cè)了Ⅲ期腸癌患者化療過程中TIMP-1與CEA水平的變化情況,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選擇2013-03—2014-02因原發(fā)性結(jié)腸癌在我院接受根治性手術(shù)治療的30例患者,其中男14例,女16例,年齡27~83歲,平均(63±13)歲,病理分期均為Ⅲ期均應(yīng)接受輔助化療。排除感染、無法控制的糖尿病、不適宜接受化療等患者。入組患者接受12個(gè)周期的mFOLFOX6輔助化療,具體方案詳見表1。
表1 mFOLFOX6化療方案
1.2 方法
1.2.1 血樣本采集 分別于第1周期前后(d0、d4)、第2周期前后(d14、d18)、第6周期前后(d70、d74)清晨6:00采集空腹血20ml(測(cè)定CEA和TIMP-1各需10ml)。血液標(biāo)本室溫自然凝固10~20min,2000~3000轉(zhuǎn)/min離心20min,收集上清。
1.2.2 檢測(cè)方法 CEA的測(cè)定由我院檢驗(yàn)科完成;TIMP-1的測(cè)定采用ELISA法,試劑盒購(gòu)自武漢優(yōu)爾生科技股份有限公司,測(cè)定步驟嚴(yán)格按照說明書進(jìn)行。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料采用表示,不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)間比較采用非參數(shù)雙尾檢驗(yàn)。
2.1 化療前后CEA水平的比較 3例患者化療前CEA>5μg/L(均在d4恢復(fù)正常)。分別有3例患者于d4、3例于d14、1例于d18、2例于d74 CEA水平升高。CEA相對(duì)比較穩(wěn)定,無一例患者CEA持續(xù)升高。第1周期d0 CEA水平為(1.66±0.35)μg/L,d4為(1.16±0.26)μg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.06)。第2周期d14 CEA水平為(1.71±0.28)μg/L,d18為(1.69±0.51)μg/L,與d0差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.94、0.83)。第6周期d70 CEA水平為(1.63±0.16)μg/L,d74為(1.61±0.20)μg/L,與d0差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.92、0.95)。
2.2 化療前后TIMP-1水平的比較 化療開始前有5例患者TIMP-1水平>113.70μg/L;分別有6例患者(其中4例術(shù)前TIMP-1水平已高于正常參考值)于d4、15例于d14、14例于d18、7例于d74 TIMP-1高于正常參考值。4例患者在化療期內(nèi)TIMP-1持續(xù)升高。第1周期d0 TIMP-1水平為(150.70±15.32)μg/L,d4為(153.53± 16.91)μg/L,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.74)。第2周期d14 TIMP-1水平為(166.28±12.64)μg/L,d18為(190.81± 11.73)μg/L。d14 TIMP-1水平與d0差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.85),但d18 TIMP-1水平較d14高15%,同樣較d0顯著升高26%,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.045、0.034)。第6周期d70 TIMP-1水平為(140.48±12.30)μg/L,d74為(145.20±10.49)μg/L,較d18降低31%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.013)。
2.3 臨床評(píng)估 所有患者術(shù)后6個(gè)月的臨床表現(xiàn)、內(nèi)鏡檢查、胸腹部CT均未發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移征象。
CEA是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的腫瘤標(biāo)志物,其異常變化通常提示結(jié)直腸惡性腫瘤狀態(tài)的變化[2]。但CEA的變化也有其局限性,沒有復(fù)發(fā)患者CEA有可能升高,腫瘤已經(jīng)播散的患者CEA可能仍低于正常參考值5μg/L。因此近來有較多文獻(xiàn)關(guān)注其他生物標(biāo)記物在評(píng)估各類惡性腫瘤化療效果和預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)后中的價(jià)值[6-8]。
TIMP-1是基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制劑家族中的一員[9],MMPs抑制劑家族是鋅依賴酶,幾乎可以降解一切細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)。近年來,確定了4種TIMP家族成員(TIMP-1-4)。MMP和TIMP的平衡調(diào)節(jié)著正常狀態(tài)和疾病狀態(tài)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的降解和再生。TIMP-1除了有抑制作用之外,還能促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、參與血管生成調(diào)控和抑制凋亡。因此,TIMP也許在抑制腫瘤彌散和促進(jìn)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)兩個(gè)方面均具有作用[10]。近來有文獻(xiàn)指出,接受聯(lián)合化療的轉(zhuǎn)移性結(jié)直腸癌患者,TIMP-1水平與個(gè)體反應(yīng)性、進(jìn)展時(shí)間、總生存率顯著獨(dú)立相關(guān)[11]。以往的研究表明結(jié)直腸癌患者TIMP-1較健康人明顯升高,而且TIMP-1在早期腫瘤階段更為敏感和特異[3]。
化療期間CEA會(huì)發(fā)生變化,但TIMP-1是否有同樣現(xiàn)象未曾研究過。我們從本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)結(jié)果:(1)化療期間血清CEA水平相對(duì)穩(wěn)定;(2)TIMP-1在化療過程中有變化,d18有顯著性的、一過性的升高。d70后TIMP-1逐漸降低,到d74恢復(fù)至基線水平。
以往的研究顯示CEA升高的結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后73%可降至正常,27%術(shù)后4周仍持續(xù)升高。術(shù)后CEA持續(xù)升高的患者相對(duì)于CEA術(shù)后恢復(fù)正常的患者預(yù)后較差[12]。以往的文獻(xiàn)推測(cè),化療藥物可能先促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞CEA-mRNA表達(dá),引起CEA一過性升高,接著因?yàn)榇龠M(jìn)凋亡而使CEA下降[13]。化療第1周期之后,筆者觀察到CEA輕度下降,但這種下降都是在正常參考值以下的輕度下降。
TIMP-1存在于血小板和白細(xì)胞微粒中,被細(xì)胞組分的釋放所激活[14]。當(dāng)肌成纖維細(xì)胞被腫瘤細(xì)胞侵犯時(shí)也會(huì)釋放TIMP-1[15]。本研究中,TIMP-1均值在化療期間顯著升高,但短期隨訪沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)TIMP-1升高與患者預(yù)后有明顯的相關(guān)性,因?yàn)?個(gè)月之內(nèi)無一例患者在影像學(xué)檢查、內(nèi)鏡檢查和臨床表現(xiàn)上出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)征象。
TIMP-1升高的機(jī)制仍不明確,可能與細(xì)胞降解[腫瘤細(xì)胞和(或)血細(xì)胞]有關(guān),進(jìn)而釋放出可溶性TIMP-1。化療,特別是含奧沙利鉑的方案可直接造成血小板降解[16],這也許與TIMP-1升高有關(guān)。白細(xì)胞的降解是否升高TIMP-1尚不得而知,但中性粒細(xì)胞的降解會(huì)增加TIMP-1的釋放。另一個(gè)可能的原因是,化療誘導(dǎo)的凋亡上調(diào)TIMP-1合成和釋放。TIMP-1抗凋亡的作用可以被化療所加強(qiáng)支持了這一假說[17]。這種一過性的TIMP-1升高是因?yàn)楦行У募?xì)胞殺傷從而預(yù)示著更好的預(yù)后,還是更多的TIMP-1參與介導(dǎo)抗凋亡,導(dǎo)致更差的結(jié)局,仍然不得而知。
綜上所述,化療(mFOLFOX6)過程中TIMP-1有所升高,但本研究未能顯示化療期間監(jiān)測(cè)TIMP-1和CEA能否發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移,僅僅發(fā)現(xiàn)了化療對(duì)這兩種標(biāo)記物有直接作用。因此,將TIMP-1作為監(jiān)測(cè)腫瘤進(jìn)展的標(biāo)志物仍然有所欠缺,需要進(jìn)行更多的前瞻性長(zhǎng)期研究來確定TIMP-1的診斷隨訪價(jià)值。
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Consecutive detection of serum CEA and TIMP-1 levels during adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer
Objective To determine the changes of serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1)levels during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer.MethodsThirty patients diagnosed as stage III colon cancer were enrolled after curative surgery.The patients received 12 cycles of mFOLFOX6 regimen.Serum CEA and TIMP-1 were measured before(d0)and after(d4)the 1st cycle,before(d14)and after(d18)the 2nd cycle,before (d70)and after(d74)the 6th cycle.ResultsSerum CEA levels at d0,d4,d14,d18,d70 and d74 were(1.66±0.35)μg/L,(1.16± 0.26)μg/L,(1.71±0.28)μg/L,(1.69±0.51)μg/L,(1.63±0.16)μg/L and(1.61±0.20)μg/L,respectively(P>0.05).Serum TIMP-1 levels at d0,d4,d14,d18,d70 and d74 are(150.70±15.32)μg/L,(153.53±16.91)μg/L,(166.28±12.64)μg/L,(190.81±11.73) μg/L,(140.48±12.30)μg/L,(145.20±10.49)μg/L,it raised significantly after the 2nd cycle but returned to normal after 6th cycle.ConclusionSerum CEA levels are stable during adjuvant chemotherapy while the serum level of TIMP-1 might be affected by chemotherapy.
Colorectal cancer Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 Carcinoembryonic antigen Adjuvant chemotherapy
2014-03-08)
(本文編輯:田云鵬)
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韓東興,E-mail:surgeonhdx@126.com