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DR5上調(diào)在5—烯丙基—7—二氟甲氧基白楊素增強(qiáng)TRAIL誘導(dǎo)人肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡中的作用

2014-03-13 16:02謝朝暉等
關(guān)鍵詞:白楊選擇性毒性

謝朝暉等

摘要 目的:觀察5烯丙基7二氟甲氧基白楊素(AFMC) )是否協(xié)同腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)凋亡誘導(dǎo)配體(TRAIL)誘導(dǎo)人肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡.并探討其機(jī)制是否涉及死亡受體5(DR5)的上調(diào).方法:體外培養(yǎng)人肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞和人胚肺WI38細(xì)胞.碘化丙啶(PI)染色流式細(xì)胞術(shù)(FCM)定量分析細(xì)胞凋亡率;DNA瓊脂糖凝膠電泳觀察細(xì)胞DNA梯形條帶;Western Blotting 檢測DR5蛋白表達(dá).結(jié)果:單獨用亞毒性濃度的AFMC(1.0 μmol/L) 或TRAIL(30 μg/L)處理A549細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞凋亡率不超過5%.AFMC(1.0 μmol/L)聯(lián)合TRAIL(30 μg/L)的A549細(xì)胞凋亡率增高(37.80%, P<0.01);而WI38細(xì)胞僅有極少量的細(xì)胞凋亡(P>0.05).DNA瓊脂糖凝膠電泳顯示:兩者合用A549細(xì)胞呈現(xiàn)典型的DNA梯形條帶圖譜,而WI38細(xì)胞未出現(xiàn)DNA梯形條帶;Western Blotting分析發(fā)現(xiàn):AFMC呈濃度和時間依賴性上調(diào)A549細(xì)胞DR5的表達(dá),DR5特異性抑制劑DR5/Fc嵌合蛋白能有效降低兩者合用誘導(dǎo)的A549 細(xì)胞凋亡率(P<0.05).然而,AFMC對WI38細(xì)胞DR5表達(dá)無明顯影響.結(jié)論:亞毒性濃度的AFMC選擇性增強(qiáng)TRAIL誘導(dǎo)人肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡.其機(jī)制可能與其上調(diào) DR5表達(dá)有關(guān).

關(guān)鍵詞 肺癌;5烯丙基7二氟甲氧基白楊素;腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)凋亡誘導(dǎo)配體;死亡受體5;細(xì)胞凋亡

中圖分類號 R966 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號1000-2537(2014)01-0022-06

腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)凋亡誘導(dǎo)配體(TNFrelated apoptosisinducing ligand,TRAIL) 及其受體(“死亡”受體:DR4和DR5)屬于腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)超家族成員,它具有選擇性誘導(dǎo)多種腫瘤細(xì)胞及轉(zhuǎn)化細(xì)胞凋亡,而對正常細(xì)胞沒有明顯細(xì)胞毒性的生物學(xué)特點,成為了一種極具發(fā)展?jié)摿蛻?yīng)用前景的腫瘤靶向治療因子.但有研究證實,超過50%的腫瘤細(xì)胞對TRAIL不敏感[1].慶幸的是,越來越多的實驗結(jié)果表明TRAIL 與化療或放療藥物聯(lián)合治療能克服大多數(shù)腫瘤細(xì)胞對TRAIL 的耐受并獲得協(xié)同殺傷效應(yīng)[2].

白楊素(5,7二羥基黃酮,ChR)是從多種植物、蜂膠和蜂蜜中提取的一種具有廣泛生物活性的天然食源性黃酮.有研究報道指出:白楊素對非小細(xì)胞肺癌、惡性膠質(zhì)瘤、子宮頸癌、白血病、食道鱗癌等多種腫瘤細(xì)胞具有良好的抗增殖活性和凋亡誘導(dǎo)作用,而對正常細(xì)胞未見明顯毒性[3].但由于其腸道吸收甚少且5,7位羥基易被迅速糖基化代謝,導(dǎo)致該化合物的生物利用度降低,體內(nèi)活性較低,因此,其應(yīng)用受到限制[4].為此,作者以ChR為先導(dǎo)化合物,通過化學(xué)修飾得到ChR類似物5烯丙基7二氟甲氧基白楊素(5allyl7gendifluoromethoxy chrysin,AFMC).在前期研究中,作者證明AFMC具有較ChR更強(qiáng)的誘導(dǎo)人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞[5]、人卵巢癌CoC1細(xì)胞 [6]、人肺癌A549細(xì)胞[7]凋亡作用.

Ding等[8]證實白楊素能通過下調(diào)cFLIP,上調(diào)TRAILR2(DR5)增強(qiáng)TRAIL介導(dǎo)的白血病ATL、乳腺癌MDAMB231、結(jié)腸癌HT29、肝細(xì)胞癌HepG2、黑色素瘤細(xì)胞SKMEL37、胰腺癌Capan1等多種惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡.Jin等[9]報道白楊素類似物柚皮素通過上調(diào)DR5增強(qiáng)非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞TRAIL耐藥株對TRAIL的敏感性.本文研究亞細(xì)胞毒濃度的AFMC是否通過上調(diào)DR5表達(dá),增強(qiáng)TRAIL誘導(dǎo)的A549細(xì)胞凋亡.

1材料和方法

1.1試劑

5烯丙基7二氟甲氧基白楊素(AFMC)按照文獻(xiàn)[10]方法合成,分子式:C19O4H14F2;相對分子質(zhì)量:344,性狀:淡黃色晶體;純度:99.0%.白楊素(ChR)和碘化丙啶(PI)為Sigma公司產(chǎn)品;重組人可溶性腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)凋亡誘導(dǎo)配體(TRAIL)由PeproTech公司生產(chǎn);DNA Ladder檢測試劑盒購于北京博大泰克公司;重組人DR5/Fc嵌合蛋白購自R&D Systems (Minneapolis,MN).

1.2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)

人肺癌A549細(xì)胞購自武漢大學(xué)中國典型培養(yǎng)物保藏中心(中國武漢);人胚肺WI38細(xì)胞購自中國科學(xué)院細(xì)胞庫(中國上海).在37 ℃、5% CO2(體積分?jǐn)?shù),下同)及飽合濕度條件下,用含10%小牛血清,1667 mkat/L(即105 U/L)青霉素及1667 mkat/L鏈霉素的RPMI1640完全培養(yǎng)基傳代培養(yǎng),選取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞用于各項實驗.

1.3流式細(xì)胞術(shù)分析

取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞用含10%小牛血清的培養(yǎng)基處理24 h進(jìn)行細(xì)胞周期同步化后,分別加入含AFMC (1.0 μmol/L)、TRAIL(30 μg/L)以及兩者合用的完全培養(yǎng)基孵育24 h;0.2% DMSO作為溶媒對照.收集細(xì)胞,加入PBS制備單細(xì)胞懸浮液, 再用冷卻的PBS沖洗2次, 用70%酒精4 ℃ 固定24 h, PI染色后用流式細(xì)胞儀(American BD Company, FACS420)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡.

1.4DNA瓊脂糖凝膠電泳

收集各組細(xì)胞,PBS洗滌2次,按照DNA Ladder Detection Kit說明書操作,提取細(xì)胞DNA, 1.5%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測DNA片段.

1.5Western Blotting分析

收集不同處理組細(xì)胞,PBS洗滌3次,用細(xì)胞裂解液(0.1 mol/L NaCl, 0.01 mol/L Triscl(pH 7.6), 0001 mol/L EDTA(pH 8.0), 1 mg/L Aprotinin, 100 mg/L PMSF)裂解細(xì)胞后提取細(xì)胞總蛋白.每組取25 μg蛋白樣品進(jìn)行10% SDSPAGE電泳(100 mA, 3 h),轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上,用含5%脫脂牛奶的TBST室溫下封閉2 h,然后分別加入1∶〖KG-2mm〗1 000稀釋的DR5(p48)和βactin一抗,37 ℃孵育2 h;TBST緩沖液洗膜10 min×3次,加入相應(yīng)的二抗室溫孵育1 h后,TBST洗膜3次,每次15 min.ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光,顯影,定影.實驗中以βactin作為內(nèi)參照蛋白.

1.6統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析

實驗數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 15.0軟件包建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL),并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析.數(shù)據(jù)表示為±s,經(jīng)方差齊性檢驗后,用單向方差分析(One Way ANOVA)對多組均值進(jìn)行比較,用LSD法對均值進(jìn)行兩兩比較.P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn).

2結(jié)果

21亞毒性濃度的AFMC、TRAIL及兩者合用對人肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡的影響

PI染色FCM分析顯示:1.0 μmol/L AFMC、30 μg/L TRAIL單用以及兩者合用的A549細(xì)胞凋亡率(SubG1細(xì)胞百分率)分別為2.53%±0.35%,269%±0.52%,37.80%±1.78%.兩者合用的細(xì)胞凋亡率是各自單用時細(xì)胞凋亡率之和的7.2倍(P<0.05,圖1).A549細(xì)胞凋亡率在兩者合用12 h后開始增加,24 h達(dá)高峰(圖2).提示亞毒性濃度的AFMC能增敏TRAIL誘導(dǎo)人肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡.

22 亞毒性濃度的AFMC、TRAIL及兩者合用對人肺癌A549細(xì)胞DNA斷裂的影響

DNA瓊脂糖凝膠電泳顯示: 1.0 μmol/L AFMC或30 μg/L TRAIL分別作用于人肺癌A549細(xì)胞24 h,未見凋亡特異性的DNA梯形條帶,而1.0 μmol/L AFMC預(yù)孵育30 min后,再加入30 μg/L TRAIL處理24 h,展現(xiàn)典型DNA梯形條帶圖譜(圖3A).進(jìn)一步證實:亞毒性濃度的AFMC具有增強(qiáng)TRAIL誘導(dǎo)人肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡作用.

23AFMC對人肺癌A549細(xì)胞DR5蛋白表達(dá)的影響

Western Blotting分析表明:AFMC以濃度和時間依賴方式上調(diào)A549細(xì)胞DR5蛋白表達(dá),DR5表達(dá)在AFMC作用6 h后開始增加,先于AFMC和TRAIL兩者合用12 h后引起的細(xì)胞凋亡率增加(圖4A,圖5).

24DR5拮抗性抗體對AFMC增強(qiáng)TRAIL誘導(dǎo)人肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡作用影響

DR5拮抗性抗體DR5/Fc嵌合蛋白能使亞毒性濃度AFMC和TRAIL合用的A549細(xì)胞凋亡率從37.80%±1.78%下降至7.61%± 0.32%( P<0.05,圖6),表明AFMC上調(diào)DR5表達(dá)是其增敏作用的機(jī)制之一.

25AFMC、TRAIL及兩者合用對人胚肺WI38細(xì)胞的影響

1.0 μmol/L AFMC、30 μg/L TRAIL分別單用或兩者聯(lián)合處理人胚肺WI38細(xì)胞,其細(xì)胞凋亡率與溶媒組比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05,圖1).AFMC、TRAIL無論單用或合用于WI38細(xì)胞24 h,均未呈現(xiàn)凋亡特異性的DNA梯形條帶(圖3B).AFMC對WI38細(xì)胞DR5表達(dá)無明顯影響(圖4B).說明:亞毒性濃度的AFMC 對TRAIL誘導(dǎo)凋亡的增敏作用具有肺癌細(xì)胞選擇性,與其選擇性上調(diào)肺癌細(xì)胞DR5 表達(dá)有關(guān).

3討論

肺癌系全世界最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,全世界每年約有100~130萬患者死于肺癌.我國衛(wèi)生部2008年4月29日公布的第三次全國居民死亡原因調(diào)查顯示,過去30年間我國肺癌死亡率上升了465%,肺癌已位居我國惡性腫瘤死亡率之首.其中約80%的肺癌患者為非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC),NSCLC發(fā)病隱匿,早期不易診斷,確診時多為中、晚期,已喪失手術(shù)良機(jī).目前治療NSCLC的藥物因其非選擇性殺傷作用和較強(qiáng)的毒副反應(yīng),臨床應(yīng)用受限.臨床仍采取以化療為主的綜合治療,但5年生存率仍低于15%,并且極易復(fù)發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)移[11].尋求高效、低毒的新型抗肺癌藥物是當(dāng)前腫瘤防治研究的熱點.

TRAIL是1995年發(fā)現(xiàn)的與FasL和TNFα有較高同源性的TNF超家族成員.它們都能與靶細(xì)胞膜上特異性DR4和DR5受體結(jié)合,通過多種死亡信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑誘導(dǎo)靶細(xì)胞凋亡.與TNF、FASL不同,TRAIL能選擇性誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞、轉(zhuǎn)化細(xì)胞、病毒感染細(xì)胞凋亡,而對肝細(xì)胞、骨髓細(xì)胞等正常細(xì)胞幾乎無毒性.大量臨床前實驗證實TRAIL能有效地誘導(dǎo)多種腫瘤細(xì)胞系凋亡 [12].然而隨著研究的深入,越來越多的腫瘤細(xì)胞尤其是一些惡性腫瘤對TRAIL存在先天性或獲得性耐受[2].如何有效逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤細(xì)胞對TRAIL的凋亡抵抗是當(dāng)前亟待解決的問題.研究表明,細(xì)胞表面DR4和DR5的表達(dá)水平是決定腫瘤細(xì)胞對TRAIL敏感性的關(guān)鍵,而且在正常37 ℃的生理條件下, TRAIL與其受體結(jié)合,DR5的親和力最強(qiáng),從而在TRAIL誘導(dǎo)的凋亡通路中發(fā)揮最大作用[13].如何上調(diào)DR尤其是DR5的表達(dá),增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞的TRAIL敏感性,充分發(fā)揮TRAIL的選擇性殺傷效應(yīng)成為近年研究的熱點.

作者前期研究通過細(xì)胞毒實驗確定了AFMC和TRAIL的亞毒性(細(xì)胞毒性<15%)濃度,證實人肺癌A549細(xì)胞對TRAIL耐藥且AFMC能選擇性增強(qiáng)TRAIL對A549細(xì)胞毒作用[14].那么,這種細(xì)胞毒增敏效應(yīng)是否通過誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡實現(xiàn)?本文通過FCM分析和瓊脂糖凝膠電泳證明,亞毒性濃度的AFMC與TRAIL聯(lián)用能協(xié)同誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞凋亡.文獻(xiàn)報道[8],白楊素能通過上調(diào)DR5表達(dá)增強(qiáng)TRAIL對多種惡性腫瘤的凋亡誘導(dǎo)作用.前期研究中,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)不同濃度AFMC對A549細(xì)胞DR4的表達(dá)未見明顯影響.Western Blotting檢測AFMC呈濃度和時間依賴方式上調(diào)DR5表達(dá).DR5拮抗性抗體DR5/Fc嵌合蛋白能使AFMC和TRAIL合用的A549細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著下降.提示DR5的表達(dá)上調(diào)是AFMC增敏TRAIL誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞凋亡的機(jī)制之一.前期研究表明AFMC和TRAIL合用對永生化二倍體人胚肺WI38細(xì)胞無明顯細(xì)胞毒性,本文同樣證實了兩者合用對WI38細(xì)胞無明顯凋亡誘導(dǎo)作用,且AFMC對WI38細(xì)胞DR5表達(dá)無影響.綜合以上結(jié)果作者推測:AFMC選擇性增敏TRAIL 誘導(dǎo)人肺癌A549細(xì)胞凋亡,與其上調(diào)DR5 表達(dá)有關(guān).關(guān)于AFMC如何上調(diào)DR5的具體機(jī)制仍有待深入研究和探討.本文結(jié)果可為將天然食源性黃酮化學(xué)改造,開發(fā)基于TRAIL抗腫瘤治療提供新途徑.

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[5]TAN X W, XIA H, XU J H, et al. Induction of apoptosis in human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line by 5allyl7gendifluoromethylenechrysin[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2009,15(18):22342239.

[6]LI J L, XIE W Y, CAO J G. The effect of 5allyl7gendifluoromethylenechrysin on proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell cultured in vitro[J]. Am J Chin Clin Med, 2005,7:323326.

[7]許金華,譚翔文,曹建國.ADFMChR對人肺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖活性的影響[J]. 南華大學(xué)學(xué)報:醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2009,37(6):673676.

[8]DING J, POLIER G, KHLER R, et al . Wogonin and related natural flavones overcome tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) protein resistance of tumors by downregulation of cFLIP protein and upregulation of TRAIL receptor 2 expression[J].J Biol Chem, 2012,287(1):641649.

[9]JIN C Y, PARK C, HWANG H J, et al. Naringenin upregulates the expression of death receptor 5 and enhances TRAILinduced apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells[J].Mol Nutr Food Res, 2011,55(2):300309.

[10]ZHENG X, CAO J G, LIAO D F, et al. Systhesis and anticancer effect of gemdifluoromethylenated chrysin derivatives[J].Chin Chem Lett, 2006,17(11):14391442.

[11]WALKER S. Updates in nonsmall cell lung cancer[J].Clin J Oncol Nurs, 2008,12(4):587596.

[12]ZHANG T, WU M, CHEN Q, et al. Investigation into the regulation mechanisms of TRAIL apoptosis pathway by mathematical modeling [J].Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 2010,42(2):98108.

[13]TRUNEH A, SHARMA S, SILVEMAN C, et al.Temperaturesensitive differential affinity of TRAIL for its receptors DR5 is the highest affinity receptor[J].J Biol Chem, 2000,275(30):2331923325.

[14]謝朝暉,劉飛,曹建國,等. AFMC選擇性增強(qiáng)TRAIL對肺癌A549細(xì)胞毒性[J].湖南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報:醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2011,8(1):2023.

(編輯王?。?

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]GANTEN T M, HAAS T L, SYKORA J, et al. Enhanced caspase8 recruitment to and activation at the DISC is critical for sensitisation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAILinduced apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs[J]. Cell Death Differ, 2004,11 (Suppl 1):8696.

[2]SINGH T R, SHANKAR S, CHEN X, et al. Synergistic interactions of chemotherapeutic drugs and tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand on apoptosis and on regression of breast carcinoma in vivo[J].Cancer Res, 2003,63(17):53905400.

[3]KHOO B Y, CHUA S L, BALARAM P. Apoptotic effects of chrysin in human cancer cell lines[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2010,11(5):21882199.

[4]HADJERI M, BARBIER M, RONOT X, et al. Modulation of Pglycopretein mediated multidrug resistance by flavonoid derivatives and analogues[J]. Med Chem, 2003,46(11):21252131.

[5]TAN X W, XIA H, XU J H, et al. Induction of apoptosis in human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line by 5allyl7gendifluoromethylenechrysin[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2009,15(18):22342239.

[6]LI J L, XIE W Y, CAO J G. The effect of 5allyl7gendifluoromethylenechrysin on proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell cultured in vitro[J]. Am J Chin Clin Med, 2005,7:323326.

[7]許金華,譚翔文,曹建國.ADFMChR對人肺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖活性的影響[J]. 南華大學(xué)學(xué)報:醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2009,37(6):673676.

[8]DING J, POLIER G, KHLER R, et al . Wogonin and related natural flavones overcome tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) protein resistance of tumors by downregulation of cFLIP protein and upregulation of TRAIL receptor 2 expression[J].J Biol Chem, 2012,287(1):641649.

[9]JIN C Y, PARK C, HWANG H J, et al. Naringenin upregulates the expression of death receptor 5 and enhances TRAILinduced apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells[J].Mol Nutr Food Res, 2011,55(2):300309.

[10]ZHENG X, CAO J G, LIAO D F, et al. Systhesis and anticancer effect of gemdifluoromethylenated chrysin derivatives[J].Chin Chem Lett, 2006,17(11):14391442.

[11]WALKER S. Updates in nonsmall cell lung cancer[J].Clin J Oncol Nurs, 2008,12(4):587596.

[12]ZHANG T, WU M, CHEN Q, et al. Investigation into the regulation mechanisms of TRAIL apoptosis pathway by mathematical modeling [J].Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 2010,42(2):98108.

[13]TRUNEH A, SHARMA S, SILVEMAN C, et al.Temperaturesensitive differential affinity of TRAIL for its receptors DR5 is the highest affinity receptor[J].J Biol Chem, 2000,275(30):2331923325.

[14]謝朝暉,劉飛,曹建國,等. AFMC選擇性增強(qiáng)TRAIL對肺癌A549細(xì)胞毒性[J].湖南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報:醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2011,8(1):2023.

(編輯王?。?

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]GANTEN T M, HAAS T L, SYKORA J, et al. Enhanced caspase8 recruitment to and activation at the DISC is critical for sensitisation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAILinduced apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs[J]. Cell Death Differ, 2004,11 (Suppl 1):8696.

[2]SINGH T R, SHANKAR S, CHEN X, et al. Synergistic interactions of chemotherapeutic drugs and tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand on apoptosis and on regression of breast carcinoma in vivo[J].Cancer Res, 2003,63(17):53905400.

[3]KHOO B Y, CHUA S L, BALARAM P. Apoptotic effects of chrysin in human cancer cell lines[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2010,11(5):21882199.

[4]HADJERI M, BARBIER M, RONOT X, et al. Modulation of Pglycopretein mediated multidrug resistance by flavonoid derivatives and analogues[J]. Med Chem, 2003,46(11):21252131.

[5]TAN X W, XIA H, XU J H, et al. Induction of apoptosis in human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line by 5allyl7gendifluoromethylenechrysin[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2009,15(18):22342239.

[6]LI J L, XIE W Y, CAO J G. The effect of 5allyl7gendifluoromethylenechrysin on proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell cultured in vitro[J]. Am J Chin Clin Med, 2005,7:323326.

[7]許金華,譚翔文,曹建國.ADFMChR對人肺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖活性的影響[J]. 南華大學(xué)學(xué)報:醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2009,37(6):673676.

[8]DING J, POLIER G, KHLER R, et al . Wogonin and related natural flavones overcome tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) protein resistance of tumors by downregulation of cFLIP protein and upregulation of TRAIL receptor 2 expression[J].J Biol Chem, 2012,287(1):641649.

[9]JIN C Y, PARK C, HWANG H J, et al. Naringenin upregulates the expression of death receptor 5 and enhances TRAILinduced apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells[J].Mol Nutr Food Res, 2011,55(2):300309.

[10]ZHENG X, CAO J G, LIAO D F, et al. Systhesis and anticancer effect of gemdifluoromethylenated chrysin derivatives[J].Chin Chem Lett, 2006,17(11):14391442.

[11]WALKER S. Updates in nonsmall cell lung cancer[J].Clin J Oncol Nurs, 2008,12(4):587596.

[12]ZHANG T, WU M, CHEN Q, et al. Investigation into the regulation mechanisms of TRAIL apoptosis pathway by mathematical modeling [J].Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 2010,42(2):98108.

[13]TRUNEH A, SHARMA S, SILVEMAN C, et al.Temperaturesensitive differential affinity of TRAIL for its receptors DR5 is the highest affinity receptor[J].J Biol Chem, 2000,275(30):2331923325.

[14]謝朝暉,劉飛,曹建國,等. AFMC選擇性增強(qiáng)TRAIL對肺癌A549細(xì)胞毒性[J].湖南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報:醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2011,8(1):2023.

(編輯王健)

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