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穿琥寧抗炎作用的血紅素加氧酶-1的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)機(jī)制

2013-11-12 06:54王莉莉劉克良宮澤輝
關(guān)鍵詞:穿心蓮激動劑培養(yǎng)液

張 波,龍 隆,王莉莉,劉克良,宮澤輝

(軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院毒物藥物研究所1.新藥評定研究室,2.藥物化學(xué)研究室,北京 100850)

穿琥寧系穿心蓮提取物穿心蓮內(nèi)酯經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)改造后所得化合物,是以穿心蓮內(nèi)酯為母核在其側(cè)鏈的羥基位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了酯化、脫水、成鹽而成。穿琥寧具有消炎退腫、解熱鎮(zhèn)痛、抗菌和抗病毒的作用,在臨床上常用于治療外感高熱和急性感染性疾病等[1-2]。以往研究主要集中在探討原型藥物穿心蓮內(nèi)酯的抗炎作用機(jī)制,提示其抗炎機(jī)制主要與阻斷NF-κB寡核苷酸與核酸蛋白的鏈接,進(jìn)而降低誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和環(huán)氧化酶 2(cyclooxygenase 2,COX-2)表達(dá)有關(guān)[3]。以往研究認(rèn)為,穿心蓮內(nèi)酯通過抑制NF-κB活性,降低炎性蛋白iNOS和COX-2的表達(dá)及NO和PGE2的產(chǎn)生是穿心蓮抗炎機(jī)制之一[4]。NF-κB是與炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)調(diào)節(jié)分子[5-6],在單核巨噬細(xì)胞膜上能激動NF-κB通路的受體主要有白細(xì)胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β),腫瘤壞死因子 α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS),抑制其中任何一種受體都可以抑制NF-κB的活性。目前尚無研究表明穿心蓮內(nèi)酯是通過膜受體產(chǎn)生效應(yīng),還是直接進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi)起作用,有關(guān)穿琥寧的研究更少。本研究采用高靈敏度的IN Cell Analyzer 2000活細(xì)胞成像系統(tǒng),在特異性表達(dá)IL-1β或TNF受體的組成性表達(dá)增強(qiáng)綠色熒光蛋白偶聯(lián) NK-κBP65(enhanced green fluorescent protein-NF-κBP65)融合蛋白的CHO細(xì)胞模型上,評價穿琥寧對IL-1β和 TNF-α誘導(dǎo)的NF-κBP65核轉(zhuǎn)位的抑制作用;在特異性表達(dá)LPS受體的組成性表達(dá)EGFP偶聯(lián)促分裂原活化蛋白激酶 APk2(EGFP-mitogen activated protein kinase APk2,EGFP-MAPK-APk2)融合蛋白的BHK細(xì)胞模型上,評價穿琥寧對 LPS誘導(dǎo)的P38MAPK下游分子 MAPK-APk2核轉(zhuǎn)位的抑制活性。

1 材料與方法

1.1 藥品、試劑和儀器

穿琥寧(粉末),成都一平科技發(fā)展公司。組成性表達(dá)EGFP-NF-κBP65融合蛋白的CHO細(xì)胞購自美國Thermo公司;組成性表達(dá) EGFP-MAPKAPk2融合蛋白的BHK細(xì)胞購自美國GE公司;RAW264.7細(xì)胞(單核巨噬細(xì)胞)購自協(xié)和細(xì)胞資源庫;小鼠抗血紅素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)抗體、兔抗iNOS抗體和兔抗COX-2抗體均購自香港Abcam公司;小鼠抗β肌動蛋白抗體購自Santa Cruz公司;辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記山羊抗兔IgG和辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記山羊抗鼠IgG抗體(二抗)均購自北京中杉金橋公司;殺稻瘟素(blasticidin)購自上海希美生物公司;IL-1β和TNF-α購自美國 PEPROTECH公司,kBα抑制劑(kBα inhibitor,IκBα)特異性抑制劑 Ro106-9920購自美國Merck公司;LPS和鋅原卟啉(zinc protoporphyrian,ZnPP)(HO-1 活性抑制劑)購自美國Sigma公司;WST-8細(xì)胞計數(shù)試劑盒購自北京鈕因華信科技發(fā)展有限公司;一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)檢測試劑盒購自南京建成生物有限公司;前列腺素E2(prostaglandine E2,PGE2)ELISA試劑盒購自泰澤瑞達(dá)(北京)科技有限公司;胎牛血清、G418、F12培養(yǎng)液和 DMEM培養(yǎng)液購自美國Gibco公司;染色液購自美國Invitrogen公司。IN Cell Analyzer 2000活細(xì)胞成像系統(tǒng),美國GE公司;GENios pro酶標(biāo)儀,瑞士TECAN公司;垂直電泳槽,美國 Bio-Rad公司;DYY-8C 型電泳儀,北京六一儀器廠;Thermo Froma 311型水套式CO2培養(yǎng)箱,美國Thermo公司;凝膠成像儀,美國Kodak公司。

1.2 激動劑和化合物的配制

激動劑IL-1β用含0.1%胎牛血清的PBS配成10 mg·L-1母液,用分析培養(yǎng)液配成20 μg·L-1(4 ×,終濃度 5 μg·L-1)工作液;IκBα 抑制劑 Ro106-9920 用 DMSO 配成 25 mmol·L-1母液,分析培養(yǎng)液配成200 μmo·lL-1(4×,終濃度50 μmol·L-1);激動劑 TNF-α用含0.1%胎牛血清的 PBS配成100 mg·L-1母液,用分析培養(yǎng)液配成 40 μg·L-1(4 ×,終濃度10 μg·L-1);激動劑LPS 用PBS 配成1 g·L-1母液,用分析培養(yǎng)液配制成4 mg·L-1(4 ×,終濃度1 mg·L-1)工作液;穿琥寧用1%NaHCO2水溶液配成40 mmo·lL-1母液,用分析培養(yǎng)液配成4×工作液,選用3,10,30 和100 μmol·L-1連續(xù)4 個濃度。工作液臨用前配制,20 min內(nèi)使用。

1.3 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)

組成性表達(dá) EGFP-NF-κBP65 融合蛋白的CHO 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于含 G4180.5 g·L-1、殺稻瘟素5 mg·L-1和10% 胎牛血清的F12培養(yǎng)液中;組成性表達(dá)EGFP-MAPK-APk2融合蛋白 BHK 細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng)于含G4180.5 g·L-1和10%胎牛血清的F12培養(yǎng)液中;RAW264.7細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng)于含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液中。上述細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)條件均為37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)。

1.4 細(xì)胞存活率測定

按照WST-8細(xì)胞計數(shù)試劑盒說明書測定細(xì)胞存活率。RAW264.7細(xì)胞懸液(1×108L-1)按每孔100 μl加入96孔板中(邊緣孔用無菌水填充),培養(yǎng)過夜。每孔加入含穿琥寧終濃度分別為3,10,30和100 μmol·L-1的培養(yǎng)液10 μl,細(xì)胞對照和空白對照(不加細(xì)胞)組加等體積培養(yǎng)液,每組設(shè)7復(fù)孔,在培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)24 h后每孔加入WST-8試劑10 μl,在培養(yǎng)箱孵育2 h后,用酶標(biāo)儀測定450 nm波長的吸光度(A)值。細(xì)胞存活率(%)=(A藥物-A空白對照)/(A細(xì)胞對照-A空白對照)× 100%

1.5 抑制IL-1β 和TNF-α 誘導(dǎo)NF-κBP65 核轉(zhuǎn)位分析

將組成性表達(dá) EGFP-NF-κBP65融合蛋白的CHO 細(xì)胞按每孔100 μl(含1.5×104細(xì)胞)接種于預(yù)鋪細(xì)胞黏附劑的96孔黑色孔底透光的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板中,在37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)18~24 h。每孔細(xì)胞用100 μl分析培養(yǎng)液洗 3 次,換 100 μl分析培養(yǎng)液,分細(xì)胞對照組、IL-1β 5 μg·L-1激動劑組、Ro106-9920(陽 性 對 照)50 μmol·L-1+IL-1β 5 μg·L-1組及穿琥寧 3,10,30 和 100 μmol·L-1+IL-1β 5 μg·L-1組,每組設(shè)3 復(fù)孔。陽性對照和穿琥寧組CHO細(xì)胞先與 Ro106-9920或穿琥寧作用60 min,再加入 IL-1β 作用 40 min,測定穿琥寧對IL-1β誘導(dǎo)的NF-κBP65核轉(zhuǎn)位的影響。CHO 細(xì)胞分細(xì)胞對照組、TNF-α 10 μg·L-1激動劑組及穿琥寧 3,10,30 和 100 μmol·L-1+TNF-α 10 μg·L-1組,每組設(shè)3復(fù)孔。穿琥寧組CHO細(xì)胞先與穿琥寧作用60 min,再加入 TNF-α作用60 min,測定穿琥寧對 TNF-α誘導(dǎo)的 NF-κBP65核轉(zhuǎn)位的影響。每孔細(xì)胞用染色液 200 μl洗 3 次,并留在200 μl染色液中室溫染色1 h。細(xì)胞在 IN Cell Analyzer 2000活細(xì)胞成像系統(tǒng)上檢測細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核熒光強(qiáng)度,每孔5個視野連續(xù)拍照。使用GE公司IN Cell Analyzer 1000 Nuclear Trafficking Analysis Module軟件分析細(xì)胞核與細(xì)胞質(zhì)熒光強(qiáng)度比值,表示報告基因核轉(zhuǎn)位,并計算穿琥寧抑制核轉(zhuǎn)位的活性。穿琥寧抑制率(%)=(激動劑處理細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位-穿琥寧處理細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位)/(激動劑處理細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位-對照組細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位)×100%。

1.6 抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)MAPK-APk2核轉(zhuǎn)位分析

將組成性表達(dá)EGFP-MAPK-APk2融合蛋白的BHK 細(xì)胞按每孔100 μl(含1.5 ×104個細(xì)胞)接種于預(yù)鋪細(xì)胞黏附劑的96孔黑色孔底透光的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板中,37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)18~24 h。每孔細(xì)胞用100 μl分析培養(yǎng)液洗3 次,換100 μl分析培養(yǎng)液,分細(xì)胞對照組、LPS 1 mg·L-1激動劑組和穿琥寧 3,10,30 和 100 μmol·L-1+LPS 1 mg·L-1組,每組設(shè)3復(fù)孔。穿琥寧組BHK細(xì)胞先與穿琥寧作用60 min,再加入LPS作用30 min,測定穿琥寧對LPS誘導(dǎo)的MAPK-APk2核轉(zhuǎn)位的影響。每孔細(xì)胞用染色液200 μl洗 3 次,并留在200 μl染色液中室溫染色1 h。同1.5測定并計算穿琥寧抑制核轉(zhuǎn)位的活性。穿琥寧抑制率(%)=(穿琥寧處理細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位-激動劑處理細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位)/(對照組細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位-激動劑處理細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)位)×100%。

1.7 Western 印跡法測定 HO-1,iNOS 和 COX-2蛋白表達(dá)

RAW264.7細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于60 mm細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿中,用含穿琥寧終濃度分別為3,10,30 和100 μmol·L-1培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)4 h后,棄培養(yǎng)液,用冷PBS清洗3次,加入細(xì)胞裂解液,裂解細(xì)胞提取細(xì)胞全蛋白,考馬斯亮藍(lán)法測蛋白質(zhì)濃度,所提取的蛋白質(zhì)用于檢測HO-1的表達(dá)。同樣將 RAW264.7細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于60 mm細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿中,分細(xì)胞對照組、IL-1β 5 μg·L-1組、IL-1β 5 μg·L-1+ 穿琥寧 100 μmol·L-1組和 IL-1β 5 μg·L-1+ 穿琥寧 100 μmol·L-1+ZnPP 5 μg·L-1組,分別處理細(xì)胞 6 h,提取總蛋白質(zhì)用于檢測COX-2蛋白表達(dá);分別處理12 h,提取總蛋白質(zhì)用于檢測iNOS蛋白表達(dá)。取蛋白質(zhì)40 μg上樣,10%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠垂直電泳,隨后電轉(zhuǎn)移至硝酸纖維素膜,分別用抗 HO-1抗體(1∶2000),COX-2 抗體 (1 ∶1000),iNOS 抗 體(1∶1000)或β肌動蛋白抗體(1∶5000)一抗孵育過夜,洗膜,加入二抗孵育1 h,洗膜,發(fā)光液孵育,凝膠成像系統(tǒng)通過Quantity one軟件分析各條帶的積分吸光度(integrated absorbance,IA)。目的蛋白的相對表達(dá)水平用 IA目的蛋白/IAβ肌動蛋白比值表示。

1.8 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液中PGE2和NO含量測定

RAW264.7細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于60 mm細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿中,分細(xì)胞對照組、IL-1β 5 μg·L-1組、IL-1β 5 μg·L-1+穿琥寧 100 μmol·L-1組,IL-1β 5 μg·L-1+ 穿琥寧100 μmol·L-1+ZnPP 5 μg·L-1組,分別處理細(xì)胞6 h,取培養(yǎng)液,按試劑盒說明書測定PGE2含量;分別處理12 h,取培養(yǎng)液,按試劑盒說明書測定NO含量。

1.9 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析

2 結(jié)果

2.1 穿琥寧的細(xì)胞毒性作用

穿琥 寧 3,10,30 和 100 μmol·L-1處 理RAW264.7細(xì)胞24 h,與細(xì)胞對照組比較,A450nm均未發(fā)生明顯變化,細(xì)胞存活率均在100%以上,表明穿琥寧小于100 μmol·L-1無明顯細(xì)胞毒性(表1)。

Tab.1 Effect of Chuanhuning on viability of RAW264.7 cells

2.2 穿琥寧對IL-1β 誘導(dǎo)NF-κBP65核轉(zhuǎn)位的影響

IL-1β 受體激動劑 IL-1β 能誘導(dǎo) NF-κBP65 熒光蛋白從胞漿向核內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)位,IκBα特異性抑制劑Ro106-9920能完全阻斷其核轉(zhuǎn)位效應(yīng),其抑制率為100%(圖 1)。經(jīng)計算,穿琥寧 3,10,30 和100 μmol·L-1對 IL-1β 誘導(dǎo) NF-κBP65 核轉(zhuǎn)位無抑制作用,抑制 率 分 別 為 (9.3±7.8)%,(7.1±8.3)%,(4.7±8.3)%和(-4.5±8.6)%(n=3),提示穿琥寧的抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛作用可能不是IL-1β受體所介導(dǎo)的。

2.3 穿琥寧對TNF-α誘導(dǎo)NF-κBP65核轉(zhuǎn)位的影響

TNF-α 受體激動劑 TNF-α 能誘導(dǎo) NF-κBP65熒光蛋白從胞漿向核內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)位(圖2)。穿琥寧3,10,30 和 100 μmol·L-1對 TNF-α 誘導(dǎo) NF-κBP65核轉(zhuǎn)位有較弱的抑制作用,經(jīng)計算其抑制率分別為(19.9±7.2)%,(18.1±8.5)%,(15.9±7.6)%和(16.2±8.8)%(n=3),提示穿琥寧的主要抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛作用可能不是由TNF-α受體介導(dǎo)的。

Fig.1 Effect of Chuanhuning on nuclear transfer of NF-κBP65 induced by interlukin-1β(IL-1β)in CHO cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)-NF-κBP65(×20).The green fluorescence was detected by IN Cell Analyzer 2000 live cell imaging system.A:control group,CHO cells were incubated in medium for 100 min,GFP was distributed in cytoplasm;B:IL-1β 5 μg·L -1group,CHO cells were incubated in medium for 60 min,then with IL-1β for 40 min,NF-κBP65 with GFP was transferred to the nucleus as shown by arrow;C:Ro106-992050 μmol·L-1+IL-1β 5 μg·L-1group,CHO cells were incubated with Ro106-9920 for 60 min,then coincubated with IL-1β for 40 min,nuclear transfer effect of GFP was blocked;D:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L-1+IL-1β 5 μg·L-1group,CHO cells were incubated with Chuanhuning for 60 min,then coincubated with IL-1β for 40 min,nuclear transfer effect of NF-κBP65 could not be inhibited and GFP could still be observed in the nucleus as shown by arrow.

Fig.2 Effect of Chuanhuning on nuclear transfer of NF-κBP65 induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)in CHO cells with EGFP-NF-κBP65(×20).The green fluorescence was detected by IN Cell Analyzer 2000 live cell imaging system.A:control group,CHO cells were incubated in medium for 120 min,GFP was distributed in the cytoplasm and almost invisible in nucleus;B:TNF-α 10 μg·L-1group,CHO cells were incubated in medium for 60 min,then with TNF-α for 60 min,NF-κBP65 with GFP was transferred to the nucleus as shown by arrow;C:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L -1+TNF-α 10 μg·L -1group,CHO cells were incubated with Chuanhuning for 60 min,then coincubated with TNF-α for 60 min,nuclear transfer effect of NF-κBP65 could not be inhibited and GFP could still be observed in the nucleus as shown by arrow.

2.4 穿琥寧對LPS誘導(dǎo)MAPK-APk2核轉(zhuǎn)位的影響

LPS受體激動劑LPS能誘導(dǎo)MAPK-APk2熒光蛋白從細(xì)胞核向細(xì)胞漿轉(zhuǎn)位(圖3)。穿琥寧3,10,30 和 100 μmol·L-1對 LPS 誘導(dǎo) MAPK-APk2核轉(zhuǎn)位無抑制作用,經(jīng)計算其抑制率分別為(-6.1±4.8)%,(-5.7±4.7)%,(- 5.0±4.8)% 和(-4.8±5.8)%(n=3),提示穿琥寧的抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛作用可能不是由LPS受體介導(dǎo)的。

Fig.3 Effect of Chuanhuning on nuclear transfer of mitogen activated protein kinase APk2(MAPK-APk2)induced by lipopolysaccharides(LPS)in BHK cells with EGFP-MAPK-APk2(×20).The green fluorescence was detected by IN Cell Analyzer 2000 live cell imaging system.A:control group,BHK cells were incubated in medium for 90 min,GFP gathered in the nucleus without agonist;B:LPS 1 mg·L -1group,BHK cells were incubated in medium for 60 min,then with LPS for 30 min,MAPK-APk2 with GFP was transferred to the cytoplasm under stimulating with LPS as shown by arrow;C:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L -1+LPS 1 mg·L -1group,CHO cells were incubated with Chuanuning for 60 min,then coincubated with LPS for 30 min,nuclear transfer effect of MAPK-APk2 could not be inhibited as shown by arrow.

2.5 穿琥寧對RAW264.7細(xì)胞HO-1蛋白表達(dá)的影響

如圖4 所示,穿琥寧10,30 和100 μmol·L-1分別處理RAW264.7細(xì)胞4 h,能夠誘導(dǎo)HO-1蛋白的表達(dá)(P<0.01);穿琥寧3 μmol·L-1作用不明顯。

Fig.4 Effect of Chuanhuning on heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)expression in RAW264.7 cells.RAW264.7 cells were incubated with Chuanhuning for 4 h.The expression of HO-1 was determined with Western blotting(A)and expressed as IAHO-1/IAβ-Actin(B).IA:integrated absorbance.Lane 1:cell control;lane 2-5:Chuanhuning 3,10,30 and 100 μmol·L -1,respectively.±s,n=3.**P<0.01,compared with cell control group.

2.6 穿琥寧對 RAW264.7細(xì)胞 COX-2表達(dá)和PGE2產(chǎn)生的影響

Fig.5 Effect of Chuanhuning on cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)expression stimulated by IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells.RAW264.7 cells were incubated with IL-1β,Chuanhuning+IL-1β or Chuanhuning+IL-1β +zinc protoporphyria(ZnPP)for 6 h,respectively.The expression of COX-2 was determined with Western blotting(A)and expressed as IACOX-2/IAβ-Actin(B).1:cell control;2:IL-1β 5 μg·L -1;3:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L -1+IL-1β 5 μg·L -1;4:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L -1+IL-1β 5 μg·L -1+ZnPP 5 μmol·L -1 .±s,n=3.**P<0.01,compared with cell control group;##P<0.01,compared with IL-1β 5 μg·L -1group;△△P<0.01,compared with Chuanhuning+IL-1β group.

如圖5 所示,在 IL-1β 刺激下,RAW264.7 細(xì)胞COX-2表達(dá)明顯增高(P<0.01),穿琥寧能明顯抑制IL-1β的刺激作用(P<0.01),HO-1特異性拮抗劑ZnPP能部分逆轉(zhuǎn)穿琥寧對IL-1β誘導(dǎo)COX-2表達(dá)的抑制作用(P<0.01)。同樣,如圖6所示,穿琥寧抑制 IL-1β 誘導(dǎo) PGE2的產(chǎn)生(P<0.01),ZnPP也部分逆轉(zhuǎn)穿琥寧對IL-1β誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生的抑制作用(P<0.05)。

Fig.6 Effect of Chuanhuning on production of prostaglanddins E2(PGE2)stimulated by IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells.RAW264.7 cells were incubated with IL-1β,Chuanhuning+IL-1β or Chuanhuning+IL-1β +ZnPP,respectively,for 6 h.The PGE2concentration was determined with PGE2kit.1:cell control;2:IL-1β 5 μg·L -1;3:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L -1+IL-1β 5 μg·L -1;4:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L -1+IL-1β 5 μg·L -1+ZnPP 5 μmo·lL-1.±s,n=3.**P<0.01,compared with cell control group;##P<0.01,compared with IL-1β group;△P<0.05,compared with Chuanhuning+IL-1β group.

2.7 穿琥寧對RAW264.7細(xì)胞iNOS表達(dá)和NO產(chǎn)生的作用

Fig.7 Effect of Chuanhuning on inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression stimulated by IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells.RAW264.7 cells were incubated with IL-1β,Chuanhuning+IL-1β or Chuanhuning+IL-1β +ZnPP,respectively,for 12 h.The expression of iNOS was determined with Western blotting(A)and expressed as IAiNOS/IAβ-Actin(B).1:cell control;2:IL-1β 5 μg·L-1;3:Chuanhuning 100 μmo·lL-1+IL-1β 5 μg·L-1;4:Chuanhuning 100 μmo·lL-1+IL-1β 5 μg·L-1+ZnPP 5 μmol·L-1.±s,n=3.**P<0.01,compared with cell control group;##P<0.01,compared with IL-1β group;△△P<0.01,compared with Chuanhuning+IL-1β group.

如圖7 所示,在 IL-1β 刺激下,RAW264.7 細(xì)胞iNOS表達(dá)明顯高于細(xì)胞對照組(P<0.01),穿琥寧作用后其表達(dá)下降(P<0.01),HO-1特異性拮抗劑ZnPP部分逆轉(zhuǎn)穿琥寧對IL-1β iNOS表達(dá)的抑制作用(P<0.01)。同樣,如圖8所示,穿琥寧抑制IL-1β誘導(dǎo)NO的產(chǎn)生(P<0.01),ZnPP也部分逆轉(zhuǎn)穿琥寧對IL-1β誘導(dǎo)NO產(chǎn)生的抑制作用(P<0.01)。

Fig.8 Effect of Chuanhuning on production of nitric oxide(NO)stimulated by IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells.RAW264.7 cells were incubated with IL-1β,Chuanhuning+IL-1β or Chuanhuning+IL-1β +ZnPP,respectively,for 12 h.The NO concentration was determined with kit.1:cell control;2:IL-1β 5 μg·L -1;3:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L -1+IL-1β 5 μg·L -1;4:Chuanhuning 100 μmol·L-1+IL-1β 5 μg·L-1+ZnPP 5 μmo·lL-1.±s,n=3.**P<0.01,compared with cell control group;##P<0.01,compared with IL-1β group;△△P<0.01,compared with Chuanhuning+IL-1β group.

3 討論

本研究結(jié)果顯示,穿琥寧對CHO細(xì)胞IL-1β受體和BHK細(xì)胞LPS受體無抑制作用,對CHO細(xì)胞TNF-α受體僅具有較弱的抑制活性(抑制強(qiáng)度20%),且無明顯的濃度效應(yīng)關(guān)系。但是,在RAW264.7細(xì)胞模型上,穿琥寧能顯著抑制 IL-1β刺激產(chǎn)生的炎性蛋白iNOS和COX-2的表達(dá)及NO和PGE2生成,提示NF-κB通路可能不是穿琥寧抗炎作用的主要機(jī)制。

炎癥是組織對損傷因子產(chǎn)生的復(fù)雜防御反應(yīng)。刺激單核巨噬細(xì)胞釋放大量炎癥因子的信號通路,除了NF-κB這條經(jīng)典的抗炎通路外,還存在其他的抗炎通路。目前研究較多的是HO-1,HO-1是血紅素代謝的限速酶和起始酶,能將血紅素代謝成一氧化碳、膽綠素和游離的鐵離子[7],這些代謝產(chǎn)物都是重要的生物效應(yīng)分子,在抗氧化、抗炎和抗增殖中發(fā)揮著重要的作用[8-10]。據(jù)報道,穿心蓮內(nèi)酯能夠誘導(dǎo) HO-1 的高表達(dá)[11]。本研究在 RAW264.7 細(xì)胞模型上,發(fā)現(xiàn)穿琥寧也能夠誘導(dǎo)HO-1表達(dá)增加,抑制由IL-1β刺激產(chǎn)生的iNOS和COX-2高表達(dá)及NO和PGE2生成;HO-1特異性拮抗劑ZnPP能顯著阻斷穿琥寧的作用,部分逆轉(zhuǎn)穿琥寧對炎性物質(zhì)釋放的抑制作用,提示穿琥寧能促進(jìn)HO-1蛋白表達(dá),其抗炎作用可能主要是通過促進(jìn)HO-1蛋白表達(dá),繼而抑制 iNOS,COX-2,NO 和 PGE2等炎性物質(zhì)的生成和釋放,最終發(fā)揮抗炎作用。綜上所述,NF-κB信號通路可能不是穿琥寧發(fā)揮抗炎作用的主要通路,其抗炎作用可能是通過HO-1信號通路發(fā)揮作用。HO-1信號通路與NF-κB信號通路之間相互調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制尚不清楚。本研究為闡明穿琥寧的抗炎作用機(jī)制奠定了基礎(chǔ),也為 HO-1信號系統(tǒng)與NF-κB通路可能存在相互調(diào)節(jié)的研究提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。

[1]Long P,F(xiàn)ang WM,Xiang L.Clinical application of the Chuanhuning injection[J].Acta Chin Med Pharmacol(中醫(yī)藥學(xué)報),2001,29:52-54.

[2]Na ZL,Qing SH,Qin Z,Qiong PS.The ADR analysis of Chuanhuning for 45 cases[J].China Pharmacy(中國藥房),2004,15:300-301.

[3]Xia YF, Ye BQ, Li YD, Wang JG,He XJ,Lin X,et al.Andrographolide attenuates inflammation by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation through covalent modification of reduced cysteine 62 of p50[J].J Immunol,2004,173(6):4207-4217.

[4]Hidalgo MA,Romero A,F(xiàn)igueroa J,Cortés P,Concha II,Hancke JL,et al.Andrographolide interferes with binding of nuclear factor-kappaB to DNA in HL-60-derived neutrophilic cells[J].Br J Pharmacol,2005,144(5):680-686.

[5]García-Mediavilla V,Crespo I,Collado PS,Esteller A,Sánchez-Campos S,Tu?ón MJ,et al.The anti-inflammatory flavones quercetin and kaempferol cause inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase,cyclooxygenase-2 and reactive C-protein,and down-regulation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in Chang Liver cells[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2007,557(2-3):221-229.

[6]Konson A,Mahajna JA,Danon A,Rimon G,Agbaria R.The involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B in cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in murine colon cancer cells transduced with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene[J].Cancer Gene Ther,2006,13(12):1093-1104.

[7]Chung HT,Pae HO,Cha YN.Role of heme oxygenase-1 in vascular disease[J].Curr Pharm Des,2008,14(5):422-428.

[8]Kikuchi G, Yoshida T, Noguchi M. Heme oxygenase and heme degradation[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2005,338(1):558-567.

[9]Gueler F, Park JK, Rong S, Kirsch T,Lindschau C,Zheng W,et al.Statins attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in infiltrating macrophages[J].Am J Pathol,2007,170(4):1192-1199.

[10]Abraham NG,Kappas A.Pharmacological and clinical aspects of heme oxygenase[J].Pharmacol Rev,2008,60(1):79-127.

[11]Yu AL,Lu CY,Wang TS,Tsai CW,Liu KL,Cheng YP,et al.Induction of heme oxygenase 1 and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule expression by andrographolide in EA.hy926 cells[J].J Agric Food Chem,2010,58(13):7641-7648.

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