南華大學附屬南華醫(yī)院急診科,湖南 衡陽421002
下調(diào)miR-21表達抑制鼻咽癌CNE2細胞增殖和侵襲
周克兵 谷剛 曹昕
南華大學附屬南華醫(yī)院急診科,湖南 衡陽421002
背景與目的:miR-21在人類多種腫瘤中異常高表達。本研究探討干擾miR-21表達對鼻咽癌CNE2細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲的影響。方法:使用脂質(zhì)體將miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染CNE2細胞,以無關(guān)序列(NC inhibitor)作為陰性對照。采用qRT-PCR技術(shù)驗證miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染的CNE2細胞中miR-21的表達水平;通過MTS法、細胞劃痕、Transwell侵襲實驗觀察下調(diào)miR-21表達對CNE2細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲的影響。結(jié)果:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-21 inhibitor的CNE2細胞中miR-21的表達明顯下調(diào),并且呈濃度依賴性。表明轉(zhuǎn)染miR-21 inhibitor能有效抑制CNE2細胞中miR-21的表達。轉(zhuǎn)染miR-21 inhibitor的CNE2細胞與對照細胞相比,增殖速度明顯減慢,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。細胞劃痕實驗顯示,下調(diào)miR-21表達抑制CNE2細胞遷移(P<0.05)。Transwell侵襲實驗結(jié)果顯示,下調(diào)miR-21表達抑制CNE2細胞侵襲(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:miR-21能促進鼻咽癌細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲,其可能在鼻咽癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用。
鼻咽癌;miR-21;細胞增殖;細胞侵襲
miRNA是由長約19~24個核苷酸組成的非編碼小分子RNA,它通過降解靶mRNA或抑制靶mRNA的翻譯來調(diào)節(jié)靶基因表達。MiRNAs參與生命過程中一系列的重要進程,包括生長發(fā)育、細胞增殖、分化、細胞運動、新陳代謝等[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人類多種腫瘤中存在miRNA基因異?;虮磉_異常[2]。miRNA通過癌基因和抑癌基因參與細胞增殖、凋亡和分化的調(diào)控,在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮著重要的生物學功能[3-5]。研究表明,miR-21在乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、胰腺癌等組織和細胞中呈高表達[6-9],其可能作為癌microRNA促進腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展[10-11]。相對于對照鼻咽黏膜組織,miR-21在鼻咽癌組織中表達顯著上調(diào),并且與鼻咽癌臨床進展及轉(zhuǎn)移呈正相關(guān)[12]。本研究通過在鼻咽癌CNE2細胞中轉(zhuǎn)染miR-21 inhibitor,探討miR-21下調(diào)對鼻咽癌細胞增殖、侵襲、遷移的影響,從而初步揭示miR-21在鼻咽癌中的生物學功能。
1.1 主要材料
LipofectamineTM2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑購自美國Invitrogen公司。qRT-PCR miRNA 檢測試劑盒購自上海吉瑪生物公司。miRNA inhibitor為Ambion公司產(chǎn)品。miR-21 inhibitor序列為5’-UCAACAUCAGUCUGAUAAGCUA-3’,NC inhibitor序列為5’-CAGUACUUUUGUGUAGUA CAA-3’。RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基購自Hyclone公司、胎牛血清購自杭州四季青公司。MTS細胞增殖和毒性檢測試劑盒購自美國Promega公司。鋪有基質(zhì)膠的Transwell侵襲小室(8.0 μm孔徑)購自BD Biosciences公司。
1.2 細胞培養(yǎng)
鼻咽癌細胞株CNE2為典型低分化鱗癌細胞,由本實驗室保存,培養(yǎng)于含10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640,在95%濕度、CO2體積分數(shù)為5%、37 ℃條件下培養(yǎng)。
1.3 細胞轉(zhuǎn)染
轉(zhuǎn)染前1d將細胞接種于6孔板中,待貼壁細胞融合度達40%~60%時,根據(jù)LipofectamineTM2000說明書用無血清培養(yǎng)基進行轉(zhuǎn)染。轉(zhuǎn)染后6 h換新鮮完全培養(yǎng)基,繼續(xù)擴大培養(yǎng)以用于后續(xù)實驗。
1.4 qRT-PCR檢測
逆轉(zhuǎn)錄按上海吉瑪生物公司轉(zhuǎn)錄miRNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒進行,反應體系:總RNA 70 ℃預變性10 min,10×Buffer 2 μL,10 mmol/L MgCl24 μL,dNTP 2 μL,Ribonuclease Inhibitor 0.5 μL,AMV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶(20 U)0.6 μL,Oligo(dT)15 Primer 1 μL,總RNA 1 μg,無酶水至20 μL。反應條件:42 ℃ 1 h,95 ℃ 5 min,4 ℃ 10 min。
PCR反應體系(SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM 20 μL體系):SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM 10 μL,特異性引物(10 μmol/L) 0.4 μL,連通Primer (10 μmol/L) 0.4 μL,cDNA模板2 μL,蒸餾水加至20 μL。采用Bio-Rad IQ5實時定量PCR儀進行PCR反應,反應條件:95 ℃ 30 s;95 ℃延伸5 s,共40個循環(huán),60 ℃退火30 s。miR-21特異性引物序列為5’-TAGCTTATCAGACTGATGTT-3’。
1.5 MTS法檢測細胞增殖活性
MTS是一種四唑鹽化合物,是一種常用的細胞存活和生長的檢測方法[13]。其檢測原理是活細胞線粒體中琥珀酸脫氫酶能夠代謝還原MTS,生成紫色可溶于細胞培養(yǎng)液的甲瓚,可通過酶標儀測定甲瓚的吸光度值來確定活細胞的相對數(shù)量。
miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染CNE2細胞24 h后,將細胞接種于96孔板中,每組設6個復孔,放置37 ℃、CO2體積分數(shù)為5%的培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。在未接種細胞的孔中加入RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基中作為調(diào)零孔。接種后24、48、72和96 h各檢測1次。檢測時每孔加20 μL MTS檢測試劑,37 ℃溫育2 h,用酶標儀測定570 nm波長吸光度值(A570),并繪制生長曲線觀察miR-21下調(diào)對鼻咽癌細胞CNE2增殖的影響。實驗重復3次。
1.6 細胞劃痕實驗
miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染CNE2細胞24 h后,將細胞接種24孔板中,待細胞融合度達到90%時,用10 μL移液槍槍頭,以載玻片作依靠在每孔中心軸進行劃痕并拍照(0 h),37 ℃、CO2體積分數(shù)為5%培養(yǎng)箱中繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h并拍照,測量劃痕愈合程度。實驗重復3次。
1.7 Transwell侵襲實驗
鋪有基質(zhì)膠的Transwell侵襲實驗可用于觀察細胞侵襲性[14]。miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染CNE2細胞24 h后,消化細胞,用無血清培養(yǎng)基洗滌2次,再用無血清培養(yǎng)基重懸細胞,細胞計數(shù),調(diào)整細胞數(shù)為1×105/mL。在Transwell下室加入800 μL含15%FCS的培養(yǎng)基。在Transwell上室加入250 μL細胞懸液,37 ℃培養(yǎng)48 h。取出Transwell,擦掉靠上室側(cè)膜的細胞,PBS洗滌,將Transwell用4%甲醛溶液固定10 min,結(jié)晶紫染色,顯微鏡下觀察、照相,隨機選取5個高倍視野(×200)進行細胞計數(shù),并計算平均值。實驗重復3次。
1.8 統(tǒng)計學處理
采用統(tǒng)計軟件SPSS 13.0進行統(tǒng)計學分析。結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)以x±s 表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;3組或3組以上比較采用One-way ANOVA檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 轉(zhuǎn)染miR-21 inhibitor有效抑制CNE2細胞中miR-21表達
首先,運用qRT-PCR方法分析鼻咽癌CNE2細胞與正常鼻咽上皮細胞NP69細胞中miR-21表達情況,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)CNE2細胞中miR-21表達明顯高于NP69細胞,約為NP69的5.3倍(圖1)。然后分別用NC inhibitor及miR-21 inhibitor(終濃度為10、20、40 μmol/L)轉(zhuǎn)染CNE2細胞,48 h后抽提細胞總RNA,運用qRTPCR驗證miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染的細胞中miR-21的表達。結(jié)果表明,轉(zhuǎn)染不同濃度miR-21 inhibitor的CNE2細胞中,miR-21的表達明顯下調(diào),并且呈濃度依賴性(圖2)。表明miR-21 inhibitor能有效抑制CNE2細胞中miR-21的表達。
圖 1 qRT-PCR檢測CNE2和NP69細胞中miR-21表達水平Fig. 1 Analysis of miR-21 expression in CNE2 and NP69 cells by qRT-PCR
圖 2 qRT-PCR驗證miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染細胞后miR-21表達水平Fig. 2 Analysis of miR-21 expression in CNE2 cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor by qRT-PCR
2.2 miR-21下調(diào)后CNE2細胞增殖速度減慢
MTS法檢測結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染不同濃度miR-21 inhibitor的CNE2細胞從第48小時起增殖速度明顯減慢。統(tǒng)計分析各組在96 h時的細胞增殖情況發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染10、20、40 μmol/L的miR-21 inhibitor組A570分別為1.18±0.09、0.98±0.09、0.71±0.06,與對照細胞組(1.51±0.12)相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),并且呈現(xiàn)明顯的濃度依賴性(圖3)。這表明下調(diào)miR-21表達抑制鼻咽癌細胞CNE2增殖。
圖 3 下調(diào)miR-21對CNE2細胞增殖的影響Fig. 3 Effect of miR-21 downregulation in CNE2 cells on cell proliferation
2.3 miR-21表達下調(diào)抑制CNE2細胞遷移
細胞劃痕實驗顯示劃痕后24 h,轉(zhuǎn)染miR-21 inhibitor(20 μmol/L)的CNE2細胞劃痕愈合率明顯低于對照組細胞(P<0.05,圖4),表明下調(diào)miR-21表達明顯抑制CNE2細胞的遷移。
2.4 下調(diào)miR-21表達抑制CNE2細胞侵襲
本研究利用鋪有基質(zhì)膠的Transwell小室觀察miR-21下調(diào)對細胞侵襲的影響。結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染miR-21 inhibitor(20 μmol/L)的CNE2細胞較對照細胞侵襲力明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,圖5)。
圖 4 miR-21表達下調(diào)對CNE2細胞遷移的影響Fig. 4 Effect of miR-21 downregulation in CNE2 cells on cell migration
圖 5 miR-21表達下調(diào)對CNE2細胞侵襲的影響Fig. 5 Effect of miR-21 downregulation in CNE2 cells on cell invasion
miRNA是一類廣泛存在于動植物體內(nèi)的非編碼小RNA,主要參與基因轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平調(diào)控,通過與其目標mRNA分子的3'端非編碼區(qū)域(3'-untranslated region,3'UTR)互補匹配降解靶mRNA或抑制其翻譯。miRNA作為一類新型基因調(diào)控劑,與腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。越來越多的研究顯示,在人類腫瘤中存在miRNA表達的失調(diào),miRNA通過癌基因和抑癌基因參與細胞增殖、凋亡和分化的調(diào)控,在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮著重要的生物學功能。
miR-21是最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的哺乳動物microRNAs之一,成熟miR-21在不同物種之間高度保守。研究表明,miR-21在肺癌、前列腺癌、結(jié)腸癌、胃癌、肝癌等多種惡性腫瘤中過表達。Toiyama[15]等報道,外周血miR-21可能是結(jié)直腸癌的診斷和預后標志物。鄧敏等[12]報道,miR-21在鼻咽癌組織中異常高表達,其表達與鼻咽癌臨床進展及轉(zhuǎn)移呈正相關(guān),Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析發(fā)現(xiàn),鼻咽癌患者miR-21表達越高,預后越差。這些結(jié)果提示,miR-21在鼻咽癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中起著重要作用。本研究將miR-21 inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染至鼻咽癌CNE2細胞中,觀察miR-21下調(diào)對細胞增殖、遷移侵襲的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染不同濃度miR-21 inhibitor的CNE2細胞從第48小時起增殖速度明顯減慢。細胞劃痕及Transwell侵襲實驗結(jié)果顯示,miR-21表達下調(diào)抑制CNE2細胞遷移、侵襲性。這些結(jié)果表明,miR-21能促進鼻咽癌細胞增殖和侵襲,很可能作為癌基因參與鼻咽癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。文獻報道m(xù)iR-21作為癌miRNA能夠通過調(diào)控靶基因如PTEN、CCL20、FAS,促進肺癌、胃癌、結(jié)腸、腎癌等腫瘤細胞增殖、生長、侵襲[7,9-11]。本研究結(jié)果與文獻報道的一致,miR-21將有可能成為治療鼻咽癌的潛在靶點。
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miR-21 downregulation attenuates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
ZHOU Ke-bing, GU Gang, CAO Xin (Emergency Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421002, China)
ZHOU Ke-bing E-mail: 562136355@qq.com
Background and purpose: miR-21 is ovexpressed in various types of human cancers. This study was designed to investigate the effect of miR-21 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line CNE2. Methods: CNE2 was transfected with miR-21 inhibitor by LipofectamineTM2000. Meanwhile CNE2 was transfected with NC inhibitor as negative control. qRT-PCR was used to detect the miR-21 expression in these cells. The effects of miR-21 downregulation on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by MTS, wound-healing Transwell and invasion assays. Results: miR-21 expression was remarkably downregulated in miR-21 inhibitor-transfected cells in concentration-dependent manner, indicating transfection with miR-21 inhibitor can effectively reduce expression level of miR-21 in CNE2 cells. Transfection of miR-21 inhibitor into CNE2 cells led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation rate compared with control cells (P<0.05). miR-21 downregulation results in reduction of cell migration(P<0.05). Moreover, the cell invasion by Transwell invasion assay was reduced in miR-21-downregulated cells relative to control cells. Conclusion: miR-21 can promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. And it maybe plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development of NPC.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; MiR-21; Cell proliferation; Cell invasion
10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.11.002
R739.63
:A
:1007-3639(2013)11-0863-05
2013-06-11
2013-10-20)
國家自然科學基金(No:81101526)。
周克兵 E-mail: 562136355@qq.com