艾薇

閱讀理解是中考英語中的重頭戲，而主旨大意是每年必考的題型，屬于重點和難點題目，是能力拔高之處。此類題考查學(xué)生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上綜合運用概括、判斷、歸納和總結(jié)等邏輯思維的能力。考試能否做對這類題是閱讀理解得高分以及與其他考生拉開差距的關(guān)鍵。本文主要和同學(xué)們一起探討這類題的答題技巧。

主旨大意題的設(shè)題形式要么以問句的方式，如：What is the passage mainly about？ 要么以填空的形式，如：The passage is mainly about ______. 主旨大意題，揭示的是作者的寫作目的，即是為什么要寫這篇文章。這是答題的要旨所在。

一、記敘文的主旨大意題

如果文章是記敘文，那就要理解作者為什么要記述這件事，作者不是為了寫事而寫事，而是通過事情的記述表達(dá)一定的情感（愛，憎，喜，怒，哀，樂等）。例如2012年武漢市英語中考試題閱讀理解題的A篇就是一篇記敘文。

One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.

A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves. I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk. I admired the husbands patience for putting up with her continuous talk. Distracted by their noise， I moved on.

I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art. Each time I heard her constant burst of words， I moved away quickly.

I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit. Before they left， the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wifes jacket.

“Hes a brave man，” the clerk at the counter said， “Most of us would give up if we were

blinded at such a young age. During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldnt change. So， as before， he and his wife come in whenever theres a new art show.”

“But what dose he get out of the art？” I asked， “He cant see.”

“Cant see？ Youre wrong. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said， “His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”

I learned something about patience， courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.

（ ）60. The passage is mainly about ________.

A. the importance of art B. good manners in public

C. patience of a husband D. love between a couple

本文講述了作者在一次參觀藝術(shù)博物館時，遇到一對特別的夫婦。在看藝術(shù)展時，妻子在不厭其煩地給身邊的丈夫講解每一件作品。這一舉動，作者甚是不解。通過他人的介紹，才知道丈夫是個盲人。是什么力量讓丈夫能幸福地享受到每一次藝術(shù)展，是妻子對他的愛。這才是作者寫這篇文章的目的。因此本題答案為D。

二、說明文的主旨大意題

如果是說明文，作者寫作的目的顯然是為了向讀者介紹一件產(chǎn)品或一個工具的用法等。例如2012年湖北黃岡市的中考題閱讀理解題的第一篇就是一篇說明文。

Its reported that a company called Microchips has developed a wirelessly controlled device （裝置）. The device is put under the skin and can supply a drug directly into the patients body. People give the name “microchips” to it.

Microchips bring good news to patients with long-term （長期的） illnesses， for example， Osteoporosis （骨質(zhì)疏松癥）. People with Osteoporosis have to get daily injections （注射） of medicine. One type of treatment requires injections for two years. Many patients stop taking the medicine because of the pain and stress of the infections. However， microchips can deal with it. Doctors will program the device before putting it under the skin， and the device has the ability to release （釋放） a dose （計量） at a given time， every single day. One microchip can hold a full years worth of medicine.

Microchips may one day free people from having to remember to take their medicine， or get injections. The device may also be useful in treating other long-term diseases， including heart disease， cancer and even AIDS.

（ ）67. What is the passage mainly about？

A. It introduces the company Microchips.

B. It introduces a new wirelessly controlled device called “microchips”.

C. It introduces some common long-term diseases.

D. Its about how the device called “microchips” works.

這是一篇說明文，它向我們介紹了一種治療骨質(zhì)疏松癥的儀器，它的名字叫做“microchips”，這種儀器克服了傳統(tǒng)藥物治療的弊端，給骨質(zhì)疏松癥患者帶來了福音。因此本題的答案是B。

三、調(diào)查報告類的主旨大意題

調(diào)查報告就是根據(jù)調(diào)查研究的成果寫出來的正確反映客觀事物及其規(guī)律的書面報告，它通常反映重大事件，新生事物，突出的典型，重要的經(jīng)驗和嚴(yán)重的問題。例如2012年湖北黃岡市的中考題閱讀理解題的第二篇就是一篇調(diào)查報告。

Wang Bings father began smoking when he was a freshman （大學(xué)一年級學(xué)生） in college. His friend passed him his first cigarette. He has now been smoking for more than 30 years.

Its a classic example of how young people are introduced to cigarettes， except that nowadays smokers develop their habit at an even younger age.

It has become a major concern （擔(dān)憂） in China that many teenagers begin to smoke. A survey showed that 22. 5 of the middle school students questioned had tried smoking and 15.8% of them smoked regularly.

For many teenagers， smoking is a symbol of being an adult， independence， maturity （成熟） and attractiveness because the images who they love best often smoke on screen.

The social environment also plays an important role in attracting teenagers to smoking. They are used to seeing their elders， especially male family members， smoking at home. Many of them imitate adult behavior and become new smokers.

To increase the price of cigarettes is an effective way to reduce the number of young smokers， as teenagers have limited money to spend on them.

Another way is to educate the teenagers to voluntarily refuse cigarettes. A survey shows that 92. 5% of the students know smoking will be bad for their health. If we persuade them in a proper way， most of them may give up smoking.

All in all， the society， the government， the school and the family should join together to take the responsibility for an anti-smoking （禁煙） campaign aimed at teenagers， not just to put empty slogans and warnings on cigarette packs.

（ ）71. Whats the main idea of this passage？

A. The teenagers think smoking is a symbol of being an adult and independence.

B. The social environment encourages the teenagers to smoke.

C. The teenagers should be educated to refuse to smoke.

D. The teenage smoking has become a serious problem in China.

這是一篇調(diào)查報告，它向我們反映的是社會中青少年吸煙的現(xiàn)象加重的趨勢。因此本題的答案為D。

四、鞏固練習(xí)（2012年重慶市中考題）

A school bus is one that is used to take children to and from school.

In the USA， about 450，000 school buses take more than 25 million children to and from school. The yellow school bus is a US icon （象征）。Yellow became the color of school buses in the USA in 1939. Dr. Frank got the good idea. He said it was easy for people to see yellow buses and the black letters on them in early morning or the afternoon. That would made children safer.

There are not many school buses in Britain， and they are not yellow. They have trackers （追蹤器） on them， so kids are being tracked while they travel to and from school by bus. The trackers let parents know where the school bus is and whether their kids are on the bus.

Kindergarten （幼兒園） is a difficult time for some kids. Its the first time for them to go away from their parents. To make kids love their school， Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses. The buses can easily make children want to take them—and then， go to school. Even some parents want to take them， too！

School buses are becoming more and more popular in China now. It saves a lot of time for students to take a school bus. It is said that there will be 3，000 yellow school buses on the road by the end of this year in Chongqing.

（ ）61. This passage is mainly about ________.

A. school buses B. school life

C. popular colors D. students safety

解析：本文是一篇調(diào)查報告類的文章，它介紹的是校車的使用情況。所以答案為A。