屈培華

第五招：從指代關(guān)系處找答案。

為了簡單明了地表達(dá)事物及邏輯關(guān)系，文章有時利用各種代詞來代替上下文提到過的人、物或事。當(dāng)代詞前后的句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜時，這種指代關(guān)系往往不容易區(qū)分清楚?？疾榇~是閱讀理解部分常見的一個測試項目，主要用來測試考生對文章中出現(xiàn)的詞或詞組的指代意義的理解能力。例如：

（2010年，廣東廣州）I heard a low hum （嗡嗡聲）， which was growing louder. From a distance， a group of bees looked almost like a cloud of smoke. As it got closer， I realized it was actually thousands of bees flying towards me.

47. The underlined word “it” refers to ______.

A. a rock B. the group of bees

C. a hill D. the river

【思路點(diǎn)撥】該題為事實細(xì)節(jié)題。該題是在指代關(guān)系處設(shè)題。it指上文提到的a group of bees。答案為B。

第六招：從文章觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度處找答案。

文章中表達(dá)作者對于某人或某事的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的地方、涉及他人或組織機(jī)構(gòu)的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的地方也常受命題人青睞。解題時要留意文章中出現(xiàn)think，guess，argue，believe，hate，against，decide等引出句子以及一些帶有感情色彩的特殊句式，比如：祈使句、感嘆句、反問句等。例如：

（2010年，寧夏）Another secret to living a happy life is to be active， and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time. Many people experience this by dancing， or playing a sport， such as swimming. You can forget about your problems， and only think about the activity. Finally， many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier， do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies， go shopping to buy food for an elderly person， or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.

64. The writer thinks that ________.

A. everyone knows how to live a happier

life

B. its wrong to spend time on work

C. hobbies take up too much time

D. doing good things for someone can

make you happier

【思路點(diǎn)撥】該題為主旨?xì)w納題。該題是在作者觀點(diǎn)處命題。文章最后一段清楚地表明人們對待幸福的態(tài)度“最后，許多人在幫助別人時能找到幸?？鞓?。”由此說明人們對待幸福的態(tài)度。答案為D。

第七招：從因果關(guān)系處找答案。

文章中的因果關(guān)系也常是設(shè)題處。一般來說，這種題有兩種形式：由原因推結(jié)果或由結(jié)論找原因。能夠體現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系的詞語包括連詞because （of），since，as，so，for等。例如：

（2011年，河南）You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt， so you are very defensive. Youre shy and you dont usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.

54. What does the underlined word “defensive” mean in the passage？

A. 易怒的 B. 攻擊性的

C. 外向的 D. 有戒心的

【思路點(diǎn)撥】該題為詞義猜測題。前半句的意思是“你對自己的評價不高，經(jīng)常保護(hù)自己不受傷害”，后半句是由“so”引導(dǎo)的句子，考點(diǎn)所在句采用因果關(guān)系，說明“因為……所以”，再結(jié)合下文“你很害羞”，可知“defensive”意為“保護(hù)的，有戒心的”。答案為D。

第八招：從特殊句式、復(fù)雜句式處找答案。

句子的主語、謂語和賓語是傳達(dá)信息的主要載體，其他成分，不論有多么長，多么復(fù)雜它都是輔助成分。只要我們抓住了主要結(jié)構(gòu)就容易判斷了。解答這類題時，考生要注意弄清句子的層次邏輯關(guān)系。例如： （2011年，河南）In a normal night， of course， you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.

52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality？

A. In the daytime.

B. At the beginning of sleep.

C. At night.

D. During the deep sleep.

【思路點(diǎn)撥】該題是在復(fù)雜句式處命題。文中“that best shows your secret personality”和“that you go to sleep”是兩個定語從句，前面一個從句修飾先行詞“position”，后一個從句修飾先行詞the one。此類題需要深入分析邏輯層次，才能做出判斷，得出正確答案。短語“go to sleep”意為“入睡”，所以選B。

第九招：從解釋中找答案。

有些詞擔(dān)負(fù)著傳達(dá)主要信息的功能，而有些詞主要起語法作用，或者它所傳達(dá)的信息和下文的其他信息有一些聯(lián)系。這些非重要信息往往有一個同位語來解釋說明它們的意思。我們還可以根據(jù)同一篇文章中的其他信息來幫助判斷答案。這類信息有：同位語、下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下文以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，如破折號、冒號、括號都表示解釋和說明。例如：

（2009年，安徽）Perhaps youve had such experiences as these. Most people have. But most of them havent realized that they have a memory problem. Neither do they know a simple but important fact： memory can be improved. If youll just accept that， the following will show you how.

92. When you forget things， you ______.

A. must be too careless

B. shouldnt lose heart about your memory

C. must accept the fact

D. shouldnt take notice of the result

【思路點(diǎn)撥】該題為推理判斷題。該題是冒號處命題。冒號前提到“沒有人知道這個簡單而又重要的事實”，冒號后說明了這個事實：記憶力是可以提高的。從而推斷出“不該對記憶力失去信心”，故選B。

第十招：從引言處找答案。

引言是增強(qiáng)文章說服力的一種有效手段。作者在論證自己的觀點(diǎn)或闡述某一問題時，常會引用其他人或組織結(jié)構(gòu)的論斷、陳述及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)等，以增強(qiáng)文章的說服力和可信度。因此，引言處也是出題人經(jīng)?？疾榈牡胤健＠纾?/p>

（2010年，重慶）Just before the final race， Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly. With the words of “You can， you can do it！” she won at last. She said， “I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team， to China. It was with the help of my team that I won the prize.”

60. In Wang Mengs opinion， ______ made her win the prize at last.

A. a strong body B. a bad cold

C. her teams help D. much exercise

【思路點(diǎn)撥】該題為事實細(xì)節(jié)題。答案為C。文中Wang Meng的引言為，“我感到這三枚金牌屬于我們隊，屬于中國。它是在我們所有隊員的幫助之下贏得的?！彼栽擃}答案為C。此處是從引言處設(shè)題的典型例證。